Nickel-cadmium cells

A high energy density nickel cadmium cell of aerospace quality was designed. The approach used was to utilize manufacturing techniques which produce highly uniform and controlled starting materials in addition to improvements in the overall design. Parameters controlling the production of plaque and both positive and negative plate were studied. Quantities of these materials were produced and prototype cells were assembled to test the proposed design

ANALIZA NUMERYCZNA ZABIEGU SZTUCZNEJ HIPERTERMII

This paper presents numerical modelling of artificial hyperthermia treatment. Presented model takes into account not only the temperature distributions but also the thermal dose parameter. Obtaining of temperature distributions takes advantage of the generalized dual phase lag equation. For computer calculations the parallelized algorithm was prepared.Artykuł dotyczy numerycznego modelowania zabiegu sztucznej hipertermii. Analiza skuteczności zabiegu jest rozpatrywana nie tylko na podstawie czasoprzestrzennych rozkładów temperatury, ale także w oparciu o parametr dawki termicznej. Do modelowania przepływu ciepła w rozpatrywanym obszarze wykorzystano uogólnione równanie z dwoma czasami opóźnień. Na potrzeby obliczeń numerycznych napisano autorski program oparty o obliczenia równoległe

Evaluation of Myelin Sheath Marker Krox-20 for Detection of Early Disability in Leprosy

Early diagnosis of nerve damage in leprosy is quite important for preventing the deformities. With an aim to find a good marker we have investigated Krox-20 as early peripheral nerve damage indicator in leprosy. Ambulatory patients of Kediri Leprosy Hospital, Malang, Indonesia have been studied. Degree of disability was measured based on WHO's criteria. Immunohistochemistry was.used to study the expression of Krox-20 on Schwann cells on nerve twigs in skin biopsies from leprosy cases. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine cut off value. Of all 79 leprosy patients studied, 36 patiens had degree of disability 0, and 43 patients had degree of disability 1. Analysis of ROC curve shown that cut off value for Krox- 20, was 8 and the cases in whom degree of disability was 0 (zero) had significantly higher mean values than those with degree of disability 1 (mean: 12.56 vs 4.24 (p<0.05)). Krox-20 appears to be a potentially good biomarker to identify early peripheral nerve damage in lepros

Serum Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Levels Profile in Patients With Severe Traumatic Brain Injury

Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) sangat khas untuk otak (highly brain specific protein), sebagai petunjuk kerusakan sel, merupakan protein yang berhubungan dengan peningkatan tekanan intrakranial dan sebagai petanda perjalanan penyakit di pasien cedera otak. Penelitian ini menganalisis profil kadar GFAP serum pasien cedera otak berat sebagai petanda perjalanan penyakit dan keluarannya. Desain penelitian deskriptif observasional. Kadar GFAP serum dari sampel darah vena, diperiksa dengan metode ELISA pada hari pertama datang ke Instalasi Gawat Darurat dan hari ke-2,3,4 perawatan. Jumlah sampel 25 orang, laki-laki 20 orang (80%), perempuan 5 orang (20%). Umur terbanyak ≤ 25 tahun, 8 orang (32%), rerata umur 35,92 ± 13,80 tahun. Jejas berdasarkan hasil CT Scan kepala terbanyak Diffuse Axonal Injury (DAI) 7 (28%), tindakan operasi sebanyak 18 (72 %), non-operasi 7 (28%), penyebab cedera, kecelakaan lalu lintas 23 (92%), jatuh 2 (8%). Rerata kadar GFAP serum hari ke-1,2,3,4 berturut-turut 2,72±1,44 ng/mL, 1,85±0,85 ng/mL, 1,67±1,26 ng/mL, 0,79±0,35 ng/mL. Keluaran pasien, hidup 19 (76%), meninggal 6 (24%). GFAP sangat khas pada otak berguna sebagai petanda di pasien cedera otak berat, yaitu peningkatan kadarnya dapat digunakan sebagai faktor perjalanan penyakit untuk kematian dan keluarannya. Peningkatan kadar GFAP serum dapat digunakan sebagai faktor perjalanan penyakit. Penelitian lanjutan diperlukan dengan sampel yang lebih besa

SOLANUM BETACEUM IMPROVES COGNITIVE FUNCTION BY DECREASING N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE ON ALZHEIMER RATS MODEL

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of Solanum betaceum towards cognitive function, i.e. memory, and the level of N-Methyl-D-Aspartate receptor (NMDAR) and brain derived neurothropic factor (BDNF) as a drug candidate therapy for Alzheimer rats model.Methods: Fifty adult male albino rats were divided into five groups (K0, K1, P1, P2 and P3). Four groups (K1, P1, P2 and P3) of Alzheimer’s disease(AD) rats were induced by aluminum chloride with dose 2 g/L for 21 days period and three groups (P1, P2 and P3) in 22th day administered parallellywith 100 mg/kg b.w/day; 200 mg/kg b.w/day; and 400 mg/kg b.w/day of S. betaceum respectively for14 days. The level of NMDAR and BDNF wasmeasured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods, whereas memory was measured by the Morris water maze test.Results: S. betaceum administration increased cognitive function significantly (p=0.037) of AD induced-rats by decreasing the time to reach the targetof Morris water maze and maintaining the low levels of NMDAR significantly (p=0.006), but the level of BDNF did not increase significantly (p=0.346).These results indicated that ethanol extracts of S. betaceum could decrease brain NMDAR and increase cognitive function by promote better memoryfunction but did not significant increased the level of BDNF in AD-induced rats.Conclusion: This study revealed that the treatment of AD-induced rats with S. betaceum extracts significantly improve memory function and decreasethe level of NMDAR

Pembelajaran online PAI perspektif guru dan murid di SMPN 1 Semarang

Riset tentang perspektif guru sudah banyak, tetapi perspektif guru dan murid belum banyak yang di teliti. Studi ini untuk menjawab permasalahan: 1) Bagaimana perspektif guru dan murid tentang pembelajaran daring PAI di masa pandemi Covid-19 di SMP Negeri 1 Semarang?. 2) Mengapa perspektif guru dan murid berbeda di masa pandemi Covid-19 di SMP Negeri 1 Semarang?. 3) Bagaimana implikasi perspektif guru dan murid pembelajaran daring PAI di masa pandemi Covid-19 di SMP Negeri 1 Semarang? Jenis penelitian pada penelitian ini adalah penelitian lapangan yang bersifat kualitatif, dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunujukkan : 1) Perspektif guru di SMP Negeri 1 Semarang dengan strategi pembelajaran yang mampu menjadikan komunikasi dengan murid dan pemberian tugas yang disesuaikan dengan materi dan penilaian berdasarkan tugas yang dikumpulkan, sedangkan dalam perspektif murid pembelajaran yang dilakukan guru PAI pada pembelajaran daring sudah baik namun adanya kendala kuota dan sinyal. 2) Perspektif guru dan murid di SMP Negeri 1 Semarang baik itu terkait proses pembelajaran yang dilakukan, variasi metode dan media yang digunakan akan mempengaruhi cara belajar guru dan murid. 3) Pembelajaran daring PAI di SMP Negeri 1 Semarang akan berimpilkasi bagi guru dan murid, kualitas pembelajaran daring PAI yang mampu direspon dengan baik dan tidak memunculkan kualitas belajar murid. ABSTRACT: Research on teacher perspectives has been a lot, but the perspectives of teachers and students have not been examined much. This study is to answer the problem: 1) What is the perspective of teachers and students about PAI online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic in Semarang State Junior High School 1? 2) Why are the perspectives of teachers and students different during the Covid-19 pandemic in Semarang State Junior High School 1? 3) What are the implications of pai online learning teacher and student perspective during the Covid-19 pandemic in Semarang State Junior High School 1? This type of research is field research that is qualitative, with data collection techniques through interviews, observations and documentation. The results of the study show: 1) The perspective of teachers in Semarang State Junior High School 1 with learning strategies that are able to make communication with students and assignments tailored to the material and assessment based on the tasks collected, while in the perspective of students the learning carried out by PAI teachers on online learning is good but there are quota and signal constraints. 2) The perspective of teachers and students in Semarang State Junior High School 1 both related to the learning process carried out, variations in methods and media used will affect the way teachers and students learn. 3) PAI online learning in Semarang State Junior High School 1 will be qualified for teachers and students, the quality of PAI online learning that can be responded to properly and does not bring up the quality of student learning

An Elastic Energy Management Algorithm in a Hierarchical Control System with Distributed Control Devices

In modern Electric Power Systems, emphasis is placed on the increasing share of electricity from renewable energy sources (PV, wind, hydro, etc.), at the expense of energy generated with the use of fossil fuels. This will lead to changes in energy supply. When there is excessive generation from RESs, there will be too much energy in the system, otherwise, there will be a shortage of energy. Therefore, smart devices should be introduced into the system, the operation of which can be initiated by the conditions of the power grid. This will allow the load profiles of the power grid to be changed and the electricity supply to be used more rationally. The article proposes an elastic energy management algorithm (EEM) in a hierarchical control system with distributed control devices for controlling domestic smart appliances (SA). In the simulation part, scenarios of the algorithm’s operation were carried out for 1000 households with the use of the distribution of activities of individual SAs. In experimental studies, simplified results for three SA types and 100 devices for each type were presented. The obtained results confirm that, thanks to the use of SAs and the appropriate algorithm for their control, it is possible to change the load profile of the power grid. The efficacious operation of SAs will be possible thanks to the change of habits of electricity users, which is briefly described in the article

The Evaluation of PMP22 and Protein 0, Examinations for Early Disability Detection in Leprosy Patients

Introduction: Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae that has a predilection for peripheral nerves, especially Schwann cells. Leprosy medications may only eradicate the bacteria without preventing or recovering peripheral nerve damage. Previous studies proved that Krox-20 could be a useful diagnostic tool for early peripheral nerve damage detection in leprosy.nObjective: To analyse and to determine PMP22, and P0 cut-off points as diagnostic tools of early disability in leprosy. Methods: We examined ambulatory patients at Kediri Leprosy Hospital, Indonesia. We employed WHO’s criteria to assess the degree of disability and measured the study variables using ELISA. We then determine the cut-off value using Receiver Operating Characteristic curve. Results: From overall patients (n=79), 36 patients had 0-degree of disability, and 43 patients had 1-degree of disability. The ROC curve analysis revealed cut-off values for PMP22 and P0 at 4,42 pg/mL and 11,39 pg/mL, respectively. The mean value for all variables in patients with 0-degree of disability were higher than that in patients with 1-degree of disability at 12,56 pg/mL vs 4,24 pg/mL (p<0,05) and at 9,85 pg/mL vs 2,86 pg/mL, respectively (p<0,05). Conclusion: Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease that brings forth many degrees of disability secondary to peripheral nerve invasion, particularly Schwann cells. Hence, early detection of peripheral nerve damage becomes crucial. The evaluation of PMP22 and P0 examinations is useful to identify early peripheral nerve damage in leprosy

Hot spots policing of small geographic areas effects on crime

Background In recent years, crime scholars and practitioners have pointed to the potential benefits of focusing crime prevention efforts on crime places. A number of studies suggest that there is significant clustering of crime in small places, or “hot spots,” that generate half of all criminal events. Researchers have argued that many crime problems can be reduced more efficiently if police officers focused their attention to these deviant places. The appeal of focusing limited resources on a small number of high-activity crime places is straightforward. If crime can be prevented at these hot spots, then citywide crime totals could be reduced. Objectives To assess the effects of focused police crime prevention interventions at crime hot spots. The review also examined whether focused police actions at specific locations result in crime displacement (i.e., crime moving around the corner) or diffusion (i.e., crime reduction in surrounding areas) of crime control benefits. Search Methods A keyword search was performed on 15 abstract databases. Bibliographies of past narrative and empirical reviews of literature that examined the effectiveness of police crime control programs were reviewed and forward searches for works that cited seminal hot spots policing studies were performed. Bibliographies of past completed Campbell systematic reviews of police crime prevention efforts were reviewed and hand searches of leading journals in the field were completed. Experts in the field were consulted and relevant citations were obtained. Selection Criteria To be eligible for this review, interventions used to control crime hot spots were limited to police-led prevention efforts. Suitable police-led crime prevention efforts included traditional tactics such as directed patrol and heightened levels of traffic enforcement as well as alternative strategies such as aggressive disorder enforcement and problem-oriented policing. Studies that used randomized controlled experimental or quasiexperimental designs were selected. The units of analysis were limited to crime hot spots or high-activity crime “places” rather than larger areas such as neighborhoods. The control group in each study received routine levels of traditional police crime prevention tactics. Data Collection and Analysis Sixty-five studies containing 78 tests of hot spots policing interventions were identified and full narratives of these studies were reported. Twenty-seven of the selected studies used randomized experimental designs and 38 used quasiexperimental designs. A formal meta-analysis was conducted to determine the crime prevention effects in the eligible studies. Random effects models were used to calculate mean effect sizes. Results Sixty-two of 78 tests of hot spots policing interventions reported noteworthy crime and disorder reductions. The meta-analysis of key reported outcome measures revealed a small statistically significant mean effect size favoring the effects of hot spots policing in reducing crime outcomes at treatment places relative to control places. The effect was smaller for randomized designs but still statistically significant and positive. When displacement and diffusion effects were measured, a diffusion of crime prevention benefits was associated with hot spots policing. Authors\u27 Conclusions The extant evaluation research suggests that hot spots policing is an effective crime prevention strategy. The research also suggests that focusing police efforts on high-activity crime places does not inevitably lead to crime displacement; rather, crime control benefits may diffuse into the areas immediately surrounding the targeted locations