Benzidine staining: method to detect neutrophils in whole saliva of patients with renal disease

Benzidine staining allows for the quantification of peroxidise positive polymorphonuclear leukocytes in whole saliva from patients with renal disease. This is a practical tool for monitoring oral health in this high risk population.Fil: Cardoso, Estela M. del Luján. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Odontología; ArgentinaFil: Arregger, Alejandro Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas; ArgentinaFil: Budd, D.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas; ArgentinaFil: Elverdín, Juan Carlos. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Odontología; ArgentinaFil: Tumilasci, G.. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Odontología; ArgentinaFil: Contreras, Liliana Noemí. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Odontología; Argentin

Debilitating consequences of drooling

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Diurnal and nocturnal drooling in Parkinson’s disease

Drooling as symptom of Parkinson’s disease (PD) has thus far been poorly defined. This uncertainty is reflected by high variations in published prevalence rates. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of saliva loss versus accumulation of saliva as a possible preliminary stage, and diurnal drooling versus nocturnal drooling. In addition, we evaluated the association between drooling severity and the severity of facial and oral motor disorders. We collected age, disease duration, UPDRS III and Hoehn & Yahr stage from 104 consecutive outpatients with PD. Diurnal and nocturnal drooling was evaluated with a validated questionnaire (ROMP-saliva). A speech pathologist, blinded for drooling severity, rated facial expression, involuntary mouth opening and difficulty with nose breathing and also interviewed patients about sleeping position and nose-breathing during the night. Thirty patients (29%) had no complaints with saliva control (‘non-droolers’), 45 patients (43%) experienced accumulation of saliva or only nocturnal drooling (‘pre-droolers’), and 29 (28%) had diurnal drooling (24 of which also drooled during the night; ‘droolers’). The droolers had longer disease duration (10 vs. 7 years, p = 0.01) and drooling was independently associated with involuntary mouth opening (OR = 2.0; 95% CI 1.02–3.99) and swallowing complaints (OR = 1.2; 95% CI 1.03–1.31). Diurnal drooling—defined as dribbling of saliva while awake—is present in about 28% of PD patients. This is less than usually reported. Diurnal drooling typically appeared later in the disease course. The association with oral motor behavior should encourage the development of behavioral treatment approaches

Catecholamines levels and parotid secretion in children with chronic atopic dermatitis

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vivo state of both branches of the autonomic nervous system in children with chronic atopic dermatitis. In 15 patients, age 4 to 11, the following parameters were analyzed: (1) basal plasma levels of epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine; (2) poststimulation (standing and i.v. furosemide administration); (3) basal urinary excretion of epinephrine, norepinephrine, and vanillyl mandelic acid; (4) 30 min postfurosemide administration; (5) parotid secretory response to intraoral 0.1 M citric acid: flow rate, saliva pH, and concentrations of bicarbonate, chlorides, inorganic phosphates, total protein, and amylase activity. No differences in plasma and urinary basal levels of the catecholamines were observed. In response to standing, plasma norepinephrine from atopic children showed a greater increase than that seen in normal healthy children. From the salivary factors studied, no differences were found in parotid flow-rate, bicarbonates, chlorides, and inorganic phosphates. Protein concentration as well as amylase activity were significantly decreased in children with atopic dermatitis. These findings suggest that in atopic dermatitis, the β-sympathetic mediated responses are impaired; on the other hand parasympathetic mediated responses remain preserved

Hyposialorrhea as an early manifestation of Parkinson disease

We sought to determine whether hyposialorrhea is an early manifestation of Parkinson disease (PD). We measured basal and citric acid stimulated secretion of whole saliva in 20 patients with early PD. Our findings confirm that hyposialorrhea is an early manifestation of PD We sought to determine whether hyposialorrhea is an early manifestation of Parkinson disease (PD). We measured basal and citric acid stimulated secretion of whole saliva in 20 patients with early PD. Our findings confirm that hyposialorrhea is an early manifestation of PDFil: Cersósimo, M. G.. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Hospital de Clínicas General San Martín; ArgentinaFil: Tumilasci, Omar Rene. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas; ArgentinaFil: Raina, G.B.. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Hospital de Clínicas General San Martín; ArgentinaFil: Benarroch, E. E. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas; ArgentinaFil: Michelini, Flavia Mariana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Hospital de Clínicas General San Martín; ArgentinaFil: Pazo, Jorge Horacio. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; Argentin

Salivary testosterone for the diagnosis of androgen deficiency in end-stage renal disease

BACKGROUND: Hypogonadism is frequent in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Salivary testosterone (Sal-T) is a non-invasive tool to screen androgen deficiency in adult male with normal renal function. However, available data on its utility in ESRD are not conclusive. OBJECTIVES: The objectives of the study were: (i) to compare free testosterone fractions in saliva (SAL-T) and serum (Free-T); (ii) to establish the correlation of Sal-T with circulating total (TT) and bioavailable testosterone (Bio-T); (iii) to detect androgen deficiency through SalT; (iv) to determine the correlation of Sal-T with clinical parameters. METHODS: The study included: 60 adult ESRD men on haemodialysis (20–60 years old) with decreased libido referred from two dialysis centres; 112 eugonadic and 40 hypogonadic adult men with normal renal function as controls. Simultaneous morning saliva and serum samples were obtained for testosterone measurements by liquid RIA (SAL-T; TT). Free-T and Bio-T were calculated by the Vermeulen equation. RESULTS: Sal-T (0.338 ± 0.177 nM) and Free-T (0.338 ± 0.165 nM) did not differ (P > 0.900) in ESRD as well as in control (0.337 ± 0.182 and 0.337 ± 0.172 nM, respectively; P > 0.900). Sal-T levels correlated positively (P < 0.0001) with Free-T (r = 0.95), TT (r = 0.80) and Bio-T (r = 0.76) in ESRD. Sal-T negatively correlated with age and years on dialytic therapy. Sal-T showed 100% sensitivity and specificity to differentiate patients with androgen deficiency (22%) from those with normal androgen levels (78%). Hypogonadism was hypergonadotrophic in 69% cases and hypogonadotrophic in 31%. CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrate the value of morning Sal-T testing as a non-invasive approach to screen androgen status in ESRD patients.Fil: Cardoso, Estela M.del Lujan. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Oficina de Coordinacion Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Medicas; ArgentinaFil: Contreras, Liliana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Oficina de Coordinacion Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Medicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas; ArgentinaFil: Tumilasci, Elida G.. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina; ArgentinaFil: Elbert, Alicia. Centro de Estudios Renales e Hipertención Arterial; ArgentinaFil: Aguirre, Elvira C.. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas; ArgentinaFil: Aquilano, Daniel R.. Instituto de Análisis Bioquímicos de Endodrinología; ArgentinaFil: Arregger, Alejandro Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Oficina de Coordinacion Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Medicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas; Argentin

Saliva secretion rate and acidity in a group of physically disabled older care home residents

Item does not contain fulltextA growing number of older people have teeth, which are vulnerable to oral diseases. To maintain good oral health, an adequate amount of saliva should be secreted and the saliva should possess adequate buffer capacity. The study aim was to investigate the associations of saliva secretion rate and acidity with gender, age, and some medical characteristics in a convenience sample of physically disabled older care home residents. In 20 male and 30 female physically disabled older care home residents with a mean age of 78.1 +/- 9.7 years, the resting, chewing-stimulated, and acid-stimulated whole saliva secretion rate and acidity, as well as the main medical diagnosis and the number of medications used, were registered. Resting, chewing-stimulated and acid-stimulated whole saliva secretion rates were lower in women than in men and negatively associated with age and the number of medications used. In female residents, the acidity of acid-stimulated whole saliva was negatively associated with the acid-stimulated whole saliva secretion rate. In residents aged >70 years, the acidity of resting whole saliva was positively associated with age. The acidity of acid-stimulated whole saliva of all residents was positively associated with the number of medications used