Dessins et design : représenter l’espace mental de l’architecture : les dessins déconstructivistes de Daniel Libeskind : Micromegas

Au tournant des années 1970-1980, le dessin d’architecture se réinvente sous l’effet de facteurs esthétiques, techniques, économiques et politiques qui impactent la conception et réalisation des architectures et modifient la posture intellectuelle de certains architectes. Ces modifications opèrent une mutation importante non seulement dans la représentation, mais aussi dans la manière de concevoir l’espace dessiné. Les dessins d’architecture de l’époque sont les indicateurs de la genèse d’un nouvel espace mental du design, en entendant par design la démarche de conception globale nécessaire à la réalisation de projets aussi différents que celui d’un objet ou d’une ville. Ce propos sera illustré à travers une série de dessins de Daniel Libeskind, Micromegas, ainsi que par les textes de l’architecte et la lecture croisée des écrits philosophiques et critiques qui accompagnent l’émergence du déconstructivisme.At the turn of the 70's – 80's, the architectural drawing transformed under the effect of esthetical, technical, economical and political factors; those influence the conception and the construction of architecture, alongside the intellectual posture of some of them. These modifications occurred an important mutation in the way they conceived the architectural representation and also the “drawing space”. The drawings of this time are the indicators of a new mental space genesis available for design ; and design means in this way the global path towards the achievement of various projects such as objects or cities. This article will be illustrated throughout a series of drawings by Daniel Libeskind called Micromegas, as well as the writings of the architect in parallel with the lecture of both philosophical and critical essays that accompanied the birth of the deconstructivism.Zwischen den 1970er und 1980er Jahren erfährt die Architekturzeichnung einen grundlegenden Wandel, der auf neue ästhetische, technische, ökonomische und politische Einflüsse zurückzuführen ist, die sich in Konzeption und Realisation von Architektur niederschlagen und überdies auch die intellektuelle Haltung zahlreicher Architekten verändern. Dieser Wandel wirkt sich nicht nur auf die Darstellung des gezeichneten Raumes aus, sondern auch auf dessen Konzeption. Die Architekturzeichnungen dieser Epoche künden vom Aufkommen eines neuartigen mentalen Designraumes, wobei der Begriff „Design“ das Vorgehen einer globalen Konzeption beschreibt, die der Realisierung von unterschiedlichsten Formen, vom kleinsten Objekt zur ganzen Stadt, zugrunde liegt. Dazu präsentiert dieser Beitrag eine Reihe von Zeichnungen von Daniel Libeskind, Micromegas, sowie einige Texte des Architekten, die weiteren philosophischen und kritischen Schriften aus der Zeit des aufkommenden Dekonstruktivismus gegenübergestellt werden

"Atrial cardiomyopathy: Pathophysiology and clinical implications".

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Cytomegalovirus-Associated Splanchnic Vein Thrombosis in Immunocompetent Patients: Two Case Reports and Literature Review

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Radicals

Unlikely Radicals est un ouvrage de commande à l’occasion du centenaire de l’ASTI (Association of Secondary Teachers, Ireland), la principale association irlandaise d’enseignants du second degré, créée en 1909 et devenue officiellement un syndicat (membre de l’ITUC, Irish Trade Union Congress) en 1919. John Cunningham, de l’université de Galway, retrace l’histoire de cette organisation en adoptant une approche chronologique, avec une ambition d’exhaustivité qui fait du livre un ouvrage de réf..

Mesoglycan: Clinical Evidences for Use in Vascular Diseases

Vascular glycosaminoglycans (GAG) are essential components of the endothelium and vessel wall and have been shown to be involved in several biologic functions. Mesoglycan, a natural GAG preparation, is a polysaccharide complex rich in sulphur radicals with strong negative electric charge. It is extracted from porcine intestinal mucosa and is composed of heparan sulfate, dermatan sulfate, electrophoretically slow-moving heparin, and variable and minimal quantities of chondroitin sulfate. Data on antithrombotic and profibrinolytic activities of the drug show that mesoglycan, although not indicated in the treatment of acute arterial or venous thrombosis because of the low antithrombotic effect, may be useful in the management of vascular diseases, when combined with antithrombotics in the case of disease of cerebral vasculature, and with antithrombotics and vasodilator drugs in the case of chronic peripheral arterial disease. The protective effect of mesoglycan in patients with venous thrombosis and the absence of side effects, support the use of GAG in patients with chronic venous insufficiency and persistent venous ulcers, in association with compression therapy (zinc bandages, multiple layer bandages, etc.), elastic compression stockings, and local care, and in the prevention of recurrences in patients with previous DVT following the standard course of oral anticoagulation treatment

Treatment of hemophilia: a review of current advances and ongoing issues

Replacement of the congenitally deficient factor VIII or IX through plasma-derived or recombinant concentrates is the mainstay of treatment for hemophilia. Concentrate infusions when hemorrhages occur typically in joint and muscles (on-demand treatment) is able to resolve bleeding, but does not prevent the progressive joint deterioration leading to crippling hemophilic arthropathy. Therefore, primary prophylaxis, ie, regular infusion of concentrates started after the first joint bleed and/or before the age of two years, is now recognized as first-line treatment in children with severe hemophilia. Secondary prophylaxis, whenever started, aims to avoid (or delay) the progression of arthropathy and improve patient quality of life. Interestingly, recent data suggest a role for early prophylaxis also in preventing development of inhibitors, the most serious complication of treatment in hemophilia, in which multiple genetic and environmental factors may be involved. Treatment of bleeds in patients with inhibitors requires bypassing agents (activated prothrombin complex concentrates, recombinant factor VIIa). However, eradication of inhibitors by induction of immune tolerance should be the first choice for patients with recent onset inhibitors. The wide availability of safe factor concentrates and programs for comprehensive care has now resulted in highly satisfactory treatment of hemophilia patients in developed countries. Unfortunately, this is not true for more than two-thirds of persons with hemophilia, who live in developing countries

Comparison of quantitative muscle ultrasound and whole-body muscle MRI in facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy type 1 patients

Introduction: Muscle ultrasound is a fast, non-invasive and cost-effective examination that can identify structural muscular changes by assessing muscle thickness and echointensity (EI) with a quantitative analysis (QMUS). To assess applicability and repeatability of QMUS, we evaluated patients with genetically confirmed facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy type 1 (FSHD1), comparing their muscle ultrasound characteristics with healthy controls and with those detected by MRI. We also evaluated relationships between QMUS and demographic and clinical characteristics. Materials and methods: Thirteen patients were included in the study. Clinical assessment included MRC sum score, FSHD score and The Comprehensive Clinical Evaluation Form (CCEF). QMUS was performed with a linear transducer scanning bilaterally pectoralis major, deltoid, rectus femoris, tibialis anterior and semimembranosus muscles in patients and healthy subjects. For each muscle, we acquired three images, which were analysed calculating muscle EI by computer-assisted grey-scale analysis. QMUS analysis was compared with semiquantitative 1.5 T muscle MRI scale. Results: All muscles in FSHD patients showed a significant increased echogenicity compared to the homologous muscles in healthy subjects. Older subjects and patients with higher FSHD score presented increased muscle EI. Tibialis anterior MRC showed a significant inverse correlation with EI. Higher median EI was found in muscles with more severe MRI fat replacement. Conclusions: QMUS allows quantitative evaluation of muscle echogenicity, displaying a tight correlation with muscular alterations, clinical and MRI data. Although a confirmation on larger sample is needed, our research suggests a possible future application of QMUS in diagnosis and management of muscular disorders

Asymptomatic and symptomatic deep venous thrombosis in hospitalized acutely ill medical patients: risk factors and therapeutic implications

Background Acutely ill medical patients experience deep venous thrombosis (DVT) during the hospitalization, however the time course of DVT is still unclear. Objectives To evaluate risk factors in acutely ill hospitalized medical patients for proximal asymptomatic DVT (ADVT) and symptomatic DVT (SDVT) at admission and discharge. Patients/Methods In this prospective observational study, consecutive acutely ill medical patients (hospitalized mainly for acute medical disease as infections, neoplasm, anemia, heart failure) underwent compression ultrasonography (CUS) of proximal lower limb veins within 48 h from admission and at discharge to diagnose ADVT and SDVT. Covid-19 patients, anticoagulant therapy, surgical procedures, acute SDVT, and acute pulmonary embolism, were exclusion criteria. Biographical characteristics at hospitalization, D-Dimer (assessed by ELISA)) and DD-improve score. Results Of 2,100 patients (1002 females, 998 males, age 71 +/- 16 years) 58 (2.7%) had proximal ADVT at admission. Logistic regression analysis showed that age, and active cancer were independently associated with ADVT at admission. The median length of hospitalization was 10 days [interquartile range: 6-15]. During the hospital stay, 6 patients (0.3%) with a negative CUS at admission experienced DVT (2 SDVT and 4 ADVT). In the subgroup of patients (n = 1118), in whom D-dimer was measured at admission, D-Dimer and IMPROVE-DD score were associated with ADVT at admission (n = 37) and with all DVT (n = 42) at discharge. ROC curve defined an IMPROVE-DD score of 2.5 as the optimal cut-off for discriminating patients with and without thrombotic events. Conclusions We provide evidence of early development of ADVT in unselected acutely ill medical patients suggesting the need of investigating patients by CUS immediately after hospital admission (within 48 h). Advanced age, active cancer, known thrombophilia and increased IMPROVE-DD score may identify patients at risk. The benefit of anticoagulation needs to be investigated in patients with these specific risk factors and negative CUS at admission

Comparison of seven prognostic tools to identify low-risk pulmonary embolism in patients aged <50 years

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