T Cells Prevent Hemorrhagic Transformation in Ischemic Stroke by P-Selectin Binding

Objective Hemorrhagic transformation is a serious complication of ischemic stroke after recanalization therapies. This study aims to identify mechanisms underlying hemorrhagic transformation after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. Approach and Results We used wild-type mice and Selplg(-/-) and Fut7(-/-) mice defective in P-selectin binding and lymphopenic Rag2(-/-) mice. We induced 30-minute or 45-minute ischemia by intraluminal occlusion of the middle cerebral artery and assessed hemorrhagic transformation at 48 hours with a hemorrhage grading score, histological means, brain hemoglobin content, or magnetic resonance imaging. We depleted platelets and adoptively transferred T cells of the different genotypes to lymphopenic mice. Interactions of T cells with platelets in blood were studied by flow cytometry and image stream technology. We show that platelet depletion increased the bleeding risk only after large infarcts. Lymphopenia predisposed to hemorrhagic transformation after severe stroke, and adoptive transfer of T cells prevented hemorrhagic transformation in lymphopenic mice. CD4(+) memory T cells were the subset of T cells binding P-selectin and platelets through functional P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1. Mice defective in P-selectin binding had a higher hemorrhagic score than wild-type mice. Adoptive transfer of T cells defective in P-selectin binding into lymphopenic mice did not prevent hemorrhagic transformation. Conclusions The study identifies lymphopenia as a previously unrecognized risk factor for secondary hemorrhagic transformation in mice after severe ischemic stroke. T cells prevent hemorrhagic transformation by their capacity to bind platelets through P-selectin. The results highlight the role of T cells in bridging immunity and hemostasis in ischemic stroke

Influencia de la vinculación universidad – empresa en el crecimiento del sector industrial de la región de Arica y Parinacota, 2020

La investigación presenta como objetivo general el determinar la influencia de la vinculación universidad – empresa en el crecimiento del sector industrial de la región de Arica y Parinacota, 2020; de tipo puro o básico, diseño no experimental, alcance explicativo, datos corte transversal, la muestra es de 140 PYME´s, enfoque es cuantitativo. Se encontró que el 59,3% de los gerentes / administradores consideran de nivel regular la vinculación universidad - empresa, donde la dimensión más destacada es el “Impacto social” y la focalizada a mejorar es la “Innovación tecnológica”; además el 51,4% percibe que el crecimiento de la industria local es de nivel regular, donde la dimensión más destacada es la “Capacidad de gestión” y la que debería mejorarse es la “Participación del mercado”. Se concluye que la vinculación universidad – empresa influye significativamente en el crecimiento del sector industrial de la región de Arica y Parinacota, en el año 2020; dado que se obtuvo un valor chi-cuadrado = 215,436 y p = 0,000, además del coeficiente de Nagelkerke = 0,903; es por ello, que en el apéndice 5 se propone el “Modelo de vinculación universidad – empresa en escenario de pandemia

Cine y literatura. Reflexiones de la palabra a la imagen

Se advierte que los ensayos presentados en esta publicación monotemática son aproximaciones que, desde diferentes planteamientos teóricos y metodológicos, ponen en debate la situación de los estudios sobre adaptaciones de novelas. Así, en unos casos se realizan reflexiones sobre la naturaleza del signo fílmico, en otros las dificultades o dilemas del realizador en el tratamiento de la narrativa propuesta por el novelista. Se aborda, también, la plasmación concreta al analizar varios casos de adaptación que, curiosamente, en algunos ejemplos, la versión fílmica termina siendo más exitosa que la novela. Ocupa un lugar preferente el análisis para precisar las particularidades de cada código, especialmente si se trata de entender que ambas son modalidades de arte que se desenvuelven con categorías estéticas, aunque el significante sea distinto. Lo que queda de por medio es continuar con el estudio de este punto de encuentro entre literatura y cine puesto que aún sigue en el debate si acaso debemos considerar si el cine, por su metaforización y visualización plástica, está más cerca de la poetización que de la narratividad

A consensus protocol for functional connectivity analysis in the rat brain

International audienc

Author Correction: A consensus protocol for functional connectivity analysis in the rat brain (Nature Neuroscience, (2023), 26, 4, (673-681), 10.1038/s41593-023-01286-8)

In the version of this article initially published, Clément M. Garin was presented in the author list without a middle initial. The name has been amended in the HTML and PDF versions of the article

Effects of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery: an international prospective cohort study an international prospective cohort study

We aimed to determine the impact of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery during the global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We performed an international prospective cohort study including patients undergoing elective surgery in October 2020. Isolation was defined as the period before surgery during which patients did not leave their house or receive visitors from outside their household. The primary outcome was postoperative pulmonary complications, adjusted in multivariable models for measured confounders. Pre-defined sub-group analyses were performed for the primary outcome. A total of 96,454 patients from 114 countries were included and overall, 26,948 (27.9%) patients isolated before surgery. Postoperative pulmonary complications were recorded in 1947 (2.0%) patients of which 227 (11.7%) were associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients who isolated pre-operatively were older, had more respiratory comorbidities and were more commonly from areas of high SARS-CoV-2 incidence and high-income countries. Although the overall rates of postoperative pulmonary complications were similar in those that isolated and those that did not (2.1% vs 2.0%, respectively), isolation was associated with higher rates of postoperative pulmonary complications after adjustment (adjusted OR 1.20, 95%CI 1.05–1.36, p = 0.005). Sensitivity analyses revealed no further differences when patients were categorised by: pre-operative testing; use of COVID-19-free pathways; or community SARS-CoV-2 prevalence. The rate of postoperative pulmonary complications increased with periods of isolation longer than 3 days, with an OR (95%CI) at 4–7 days or ≥ 8 days of 1.25 (1.04–1.48), p = 0.015 and 1.31 (1.11–1.55), p = 0.001, respectively. Isolation before elective surgery might be associated with a small but clinically important increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. Longer periods of isolation showed no reduction in the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. These findings have significant implications for global provision of elective surgical care. We aimed to determine the impact of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery during the global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We performed an international prospective cohort study including patients undergoing elective surgery in October 2020. Isolation was defined as the period before surgery during which patients did not leave their house or receive visitors from outside their household. The primary outcome was postoperative pulmonary complications, adjusted in multivariable models for measured confounders. Pre-defined sub-group analyses were performed for the primary outcome. A total of 96,454 patients from 114 countries were included and overall, 26,948 (27.9%) patients isolated before surgery. Postoperative pulmonary complications were recorded in 1947 (2.0%) patients of which 227 (11.7%) were associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients who isolated pre-operatively were older, had more respiratory comorbidities and were more commonly from areas of high SARS-CoV-2 incidence and high-income countries. Although the overall rates of postoperative pulmonary complications were similar in those that isolated and those that did not (2.1% vs 2.0%, respectively), isolation was associated with higher rates of postoperative pulmonary complications after adjustment (adjusted OR 1.20, 95%CI 1.05–1.36, p = 0.005). Sensitivity analyses revealed no further differences when patients were categorised by: pre-operative testing; use of COVID-19-free pathways; or community SARS-CoV-2 prevalence. The rate of postoperative pulmonary complications increased with periods of isolation longer than 3 days, with an OR (95%CI) at 4–7 days or ≥ 8 days of 1.25 (1.04–1.48), p = 0.015 and 1.31 (1.11–1.55), p = 0.001, respectively. Isolation before elective surgery might be associated with a small but clinically important increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. Longer periods of isolation showed no reduction in the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. These findings have significant implications for global provision of elective surgical care