Some Information on the Ecology of Khulan (\u3ci\u3eEquus hemionus\u3c/i\u3e Pallas, 1775) in the Western Part of the South Gobi Province, Mongolia

This short study provides information on the density and distribution of khulans in September 2003 and speculates about factors that negatively influence the khulan population in the sums of Khurmen, Bayandalai, Noyon, Sevrei, and Gurvantes in the South Gobi province

Nuclear-and-fuel power industry of Ukraine: production, science, education

Purpose. To define relevant problems and propose ways for development of production, scientific and educational spheres associated with nuclear-and-fuel power industry of Ukraine. Methods. The current state of uranium and zirconium production, as well as accompanying enterprises has been analyzed. Issues related to training of workers, engineers and highly-qualified personnel are considered in the context of implementation of the State target economic program “Uranium of Ukraine”. Findings. The impediments in the development of production, scientific and educational spheres on the way of creating the closed nuclear-and-fuel cycle in Ukraine are determined. Originality. The author suggests forming an administrative inter-branch body with pedagogic and research functions that will be able to successfully solve production, scientific and educational problems in structural units of nuclear-and-fuel cycle of Ukraine. Practical implications. The paper laid the groundwork for creating a corporate educational institution of power engineering profile in Ukraine which will solve pivotal problems in production, scientific and educational spheres of nuclear-and-fuel cycle.Мета. Розкрити проблематику та запропонувати шляхи розвитку виробничої, наукової та освітньої сфер, що забезпечують ядерно-паливну енергетику України. Методика. Проаналізовано сучасний стан уранового, цирконієвого та супутніх підприємств, а також підготовки робочих, інженерних та висококваліфікованих кадрів у відповідності до виконання Державної цільової економічної програми “Уран України”. Результати. Досліджено проблематику відставання у розвитку виробничої, наукової та освітньої сфер на шляху створення в Україні замкнутого ядерно-паливного циклу. Наукова новизна. Створення управлінсько-педагогічного, науково-дослідницького міжгалузевого колективу, здатного до успішного вирішення виробничих, наукових та освітніх проблем у структурних підрозділах ядерно-паливного циклу України. Практична значимість. Закладено засади створення в Україні корпоративного навчального закладу енергетичної спрямованості, який системно вирішує нагальні завдання у виробничій, науковій й освітній сферах ядерно-паливного циклу.Цель. Раскрыть проблематику и предложить пути развития производственной, научной и образовательной сфер, обеспечивающих ядерно-топливную энергетику Украины. Методика. Проанализировано современное состояние уранового, циркониевого и сопутствующих предприятий, а также подготовка рабочих, инженерных и высококвалифицированных кадров в соответствии с выполнением Государственной целевой экономической программы “Уран Украины”. Результаты. Исследовано проблематику отставания в развитии производственной, научной и образовательной сфер на пути создания в Украине замкнутого ядерно-топливного цикла. Научная новизна. Создание управленческо-педагогического, научно-исследовательского межотраслевого коллектива, способного к успешному решению производственных, научных и образовательных проблем в структурных подразделениях ядерно-топливного цикла Украины. Практическая значимость. Заложены основы создания в Украине корпоративного учебного заведения энергетического направленности, который системно решает первоочередные задачи в производственной, научной и образовательной сферах ядерно-топливного цикла.За надану підтримку при проведенні аналізу та виконанні досліджень автори висловлюють вдячність генеральному директорові Державного концерну “Ядерне паливо” С.А. Дроботу (м. Київ)

Mongolian and Japanese Joint Conference on "Echinococcosis: diagnosis, treatment and prevention in Mongolia" June 4, 2009

The first Mongolian-Japanese Joint Conference on "Echinococcosis: diagnosis, treatment and prevention in Mongolia" was held in Ulaanbaatar on June 4th, 2009. It was the first chance for Mongolian experts (clinicians, pathologists, parasitologists, biologists, epidemiologists, veterinarians and others working on echinococcosis) joined together. Increase in the number of cystic echinococcosis (CE) cases year by year was stressed. CE in children may be more than adult cases. Alveolar echinococcosis was suspected chronic malignant hepatic tumors or abscesses. Main discussion was as to how to introduce modern diagnostic tools for pre-surgical diagnosis, how to establish the national system for the data base of echinococcosis with the establishment of a network system by experts from different areas. The importance of molecular identification of the parasites in domestic and wild animals was also stressed

The patients experiences after amputation of the lower extremity : a literature review

Bakgrund Amputation innebär att individen förlorar en liten eller stor del av kroppen som inte kan ersättas. Orsaken till amputation kan vara kärlsjukdomar, diabetes samt trauma. Amputation kan medföra fysiska och psykiska förändringar i patientens liv. Omvårdnad av dessa patienter kan vara komplex, sjuksköterskan har i sin profession en betydande roll i mötet med patienten. Syfte Syftet var att beskriva patienters upplevelser och erfarenheter efter amputation av nedre extremitet. Metod En icke systematisk litteraturöversikt genomfördes utifrån Fribergs metodbeskrivning. Sjutton originalartiklar inhämtades via databaserna PubMed och Cinahl Complete. Valda artiklar, kvalitetsgranskades och analyserades genom en integrerad analysmetod. Resultat Efter sammanställning av de nitton studierna identifierades två övergripande rubriker: Fysiologiska upplevelser och erfarenheter, psykologiska upplevelse och erfarenheter. varje kategori hade två underkategorier. Eftersom vi undersöker patientens upplevelser och erfarenheter efter amputation har vi valt att inkludera flera faktorer som påverkar patientens livskvalitet såsom sexualitet, smärta, depression och kroppsbild. Dessutom har vi även valt att inkludera benprotesens samt ADLs funktion som en faktor eftersom funktionaliteten är en viktig del av livskvaliteten. Slutsats Amputation leder till stor förändring i patientens liv, kan orsaka lidande i både den fysiska och psykiska hälsan, och ger svårigheter i patientens framtida liv. Det är viktigt som sjuksköterska att förstå och ha kunskap om den påfrestning som uppkommer efter amputation för att ge den specificerade vård som behövs i samarbete med andra yrkesgrupper för att möjliggöra att patienten ska kunna återgå till ett så normalt liv som möjligt.Background Amputation means that the individual loses a small or large part of the body which cannot be replaced. The cause of amputation can be vascular disease, diabetes and trauma. Amputation causes physical and mental changes in the patient's life. Patient care can be complex, therefore the nurse has a significant role when interacting with patients who have undergone amputation. Purpose The purpose was to describe patients experiences after amputation of the lower extremity. Method Non-systematic literature review was performed based on Friberg's method description. Seventeen original articles were obtained via the databases PubMed and Cinahl Complete. Selected articles were quality reviewed and analyzed through an integrated analysis. Results After compiling the seventeen studies, two main categories were identified: Physiological experiences and experiences, psychological experience and experiences. Each category had two subcategories. Because we examine and study the patient's experiences after amputation, we have chosen to include several factors that affect the patient's quality of life such as sexuality, pain, depression and body image. In addition, we have also chosen to include the function of bone prosthesis and ADL as a factor because functionality is an important part of the quality of life. Conclusions Amputation leads to great change in the patient's life, which can cause suffering in physical and mental health and difficulties in the patient's future life. It is important as a nurse to understand and have knowledge of the stress that arises after amputation to provide the specified care needed in collaboration with other professions to enable the patient to return to a normal life as possible

The patients experiences after amputation of the lower extremity : a literature review

Bakgrund Amputation innebär att individen förlorar en liten eller stor del av kroppen som inte kan ersättas. Orsaken till amputation kan vara kärlsjukdomar, diabetes samt trauma. Amputation kan medföra fysiska och psykiska förändringar i patientens liv. Omvårdnad av dessa patienter kan vara komplex, sjuksköterskan har i sin profession en betydande roll i mötet med patienten. Syfte Syftet var att beskriva patienters upplevelser och erfarenheter efter amputation av nedre extremitet. Metod En icke systematisk litteraturöversikt genomfördes utifrån Fribergs metodbeskrivning. Sjutton originalartiklar inhämtades via databaserna PubMed och Cinahl Complete. Valda artiklar, kvalitetsgranskades och analyserades genom en integrerad analysmetod. Resultat Efter sammanställning av de nitton studierna identifierades två övergripande rubriker: Fysiologiska upplevelser och erfarenheter, psykologiska upplevelse och erfarenheter. varje kategori hade två underkategorier. Eftersom vi undersöker patientens upplevelser och erfarenheter efter amputation har vi valt att inkludera flera faktorer som påverkar patientens livskvalitet såsom sexualitet, smärta, depression och kroppsbild. Dessutom har vi även valt att inkludera benprotesens samt ADLs funktion som en faktor eftersom funktionaliteten är en viktig del av livskvaliteten. Slutsats Amputation leder till stor förändring i patientens liv, kan orsaka lidande i både den fysiska och psykiska hälsan, och ger svårigheter i patientens framtida liv. Det är viktigt som sjuksköterska att förstå och ha kunskap om den påfrestning som uppkommer efter amputation för att ge den specificerade vård som behövs i samarbete med andra yrkesgrupper för att möjliggöra att patienten ska kunna återgå till ett så normalt liv som möjligt.Background Amputation means that the individual loses a small or large part of the body which cannot be replaced. The cause of amputation can be vascular disease, diabetes and trauma. Amputation causes physical and mental changes in the patient's life. Patient care can be complex, therefore the nurse has a significant role when interacting with patients who have undergone amputation. Purpose The purpose was to describe patients experiences after amputation of the lower extremity. Method Non-systematic literature review was performed based on Friberg's method description. Seventeen original articles were obtained via the databases PubMed and Cinahl Complete. Selected articles were quality reviewed and analyzed through an integrated analysis. Results After compiling the seventeen studies, two main categories were identified: Physiological experiences and experiences, psychological experience and experiences. Each category had two subcategories. Because we examine and study the patient's experiences after amputation, we have chosen to include several factors that affect the patient's quality of life such as sexuality, pain, depression and body image. In addition, we have also chosen to include the function of bone prosthesis and ADL as a factor because functionality is an important part of the quality of life. Conclusions Amputation leads to great change in the patient's life, which can cause suffering in physical and mental health and difficulties in the patient's future life. It is important as a nurse to understand and have knowledge of the stress that arises after amputation to provide the specified care needed in collaboration with other professions to enable the patient to return to a normal life as possible

Mongolian higher education in transition. Planning and responding under conditions of rapid change

This article provides an overview on higher education reform in Mongolia since the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991. Drawing upon the main elements of the most recent World Bank higher education policy statement the authors present their analysis along the four dimensions of institutional and financial diversification, the redefinition of the role of government and the intended improvement of quality, access and equity. By contrasting the World Bank\u27s policy recommendations with reform initiative and results of the Mongolian govemment the article identifies the Mongolian experience as a successful case of adapting and modifying donor orientations according to the recipients\u27 particular circumstances. (DIPF/Orig.

Resolving islands of security problem for dnssec

The DNS Security Extensions (DNSSEC) were developed to add origin authentication and integrity. DNSSEC defined a public key infrastructure over DNS tree hierarchy for the public key validation. In DNSSEC, a parent zone authenticates public keys of its child zones. The authentication hierarchy is broken when a parent does not support DNSSEC. This paper proposes an effective mechanism to overcome this partial deployment problem. Our solution uses a public bulletin board for zones to post their DNSKEY information. Resolvers use posted key information to find key authentication chains that can be used to validate the DNSKEY. Bulletin Board(BB) provides complete trust relationship information when the key authentication hierarchy is broken, and distributes the complete key information even when false zones provide the invalid keys. The bulletin board does not guarantee the correctness of DNSKEY information, but it does guarantee the completeness of the key information. Our approach helps DNS zones to deploy DNSSEC even when their parent zones do not deploy DNSSEC, and it does not require any changes to the current DNSSEC protocol and the existing software.

Patients with cystic echinococcosis in the three national referral centers of Mongolia: A model for CE management assessment.

BACKGROUND:Mongolia is one of the endemic countries for cystic echinococcosis (CE), a zoonotic disease caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus. The goal of this study is to describe the current clinical management of CE in Mongolia, to capture the distribution of cyst stages of patients treated, and to contrast current practice with WHO-IWGE expert consensus. METHODS:Hospital records of CE patients treated between 2008 and 2015 at the three state hospitals and fulfilling the inclusion criterion 'discharge diagnosis CE' (ICD 10 code B.67.0-67.9) were reviewed. Demographical, geographical, clinical and ultrasonography (US) data were extracted and analyzed. The annual surgical incidence was estimated. The digital copies of US cyst images were independently staged by three international experts following the WHO CE cyst classification to determine the proportions of patients which ideally would have been assigned to the WHO recommended treatment modalities surgery, percutaneous, medical (benzimidazole) treatment and watch & wait. RESULTS:A total of 290 patient records fulfilled the inclusion criteria of the study. 45.7% of patients were below 15 years of age. 73.7% of CE cysts were located in abdominal organs, predominantly liver. US images of 84 patients were staged and assessed for interrater-agreement. The average raw agreement was 77.2%. Unweighted Kappa coefficient and weighted Kappa was 0.57 and 0.59, respectively. Mean proportions of images judged as stages CE1, CE2, CE3a, CE3b, CE4 and CL were 0.59, 0.01, 0.19, 0.08, 0.03 and 0.11, respectively. 40 cysts met the inclusion criteria of treatment modality analysis. The mean proportions of cases with a single cyst assigned to medical, percutaneous treatment, surgery and watch & wait were 52.5% (95% CI 42-65), 25.8% (95% CI 15-30), 5.1% (95% CI 0-10) and 3.3% (95% CI 0-10), respectively. 13.3% (95% CI 5-25) of cysts were staged as CL and therefore assigned to further diagnostic requirement. CONCLUSION:WHO CE cyst classification and WHO-IWGE expert consensus on clinical CE management is not implemented in Mongolia. This results in exclusively surgical treatment, an unnecessary high risk approach for the majority of patients who could receive medical, percutaneous treatment or observation (watch & wait). Introduction of WHO-IWGE expert consensus and training in ultrasound CE cyst staging would be highly beneficial for patients and the health care services

Demography, socio-economic status (SES) and geographical data of the patients.

<p>Demography, socio-economic status (SES) and geographical data of the patients.</p

Cystic echinococcoses in Mongolia: molecular identification, serology and risk factors.

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