New records of scuttle flies (Diptera: Phoridae) from Iceland, with a survey of all simultaneously collected Dipteran families

During a visit to Iceland in 2001, 727 specimens of Phoridae were caught. Seven species of Phoridae were identified, five of which were recorded from Iceland for the first time: Megaselia coccyx Schmitz, 1965; M. humeralis (Zetterstedt, 1838); M. parnassia Disney, 1986; M. quadriseta (Schmitz, 1941) and M. tarsicia Schmitz, 1926. The most abundant and most widespread phorid fly of the study was Megaselia coccyx, of which 510 specimens (70% of the catch) on 18 of 29 sampling sites were caught. The female of Triphleba renidens Schmitz, 1927 is given an improved diagnosis, and the abdominal sternite 7 is illustrated for the first time. With the results of this study a total of 11 species of Phoridae have been identified from Iceland. Four of them were also recorded from Greenland and 3 from the Faroe Islands. An overview of all other 36 families of Diptera (more than 48,394 specimens) obtained during the same excursion to Iceland is also presented

Entwicklung und Validierung eines Fragebogens zur Erfassung der Lebensqualität bei Mastozytose-Patienten

Background: Mastocytosis is a spontaneously occurring disease associated with a clonal, neoplastic proliferation of morphologically and immunophenotypically altered mast cells in various organs such as skin, bone marrow and gastrointestinal tract. Most adult patients are affected by indolent systemic mastocytosis (ISM). The heterogeneous nature of the symptoms, usually triggered by mast cell mediators and initiated by individual, sometimes unknown triggers, can have a massive negative impact on the quality of life. So far, there is no validated tool available to capture the quality of life in mastocytosis patients. The aim of this work is therefore to develop and validate a disease-specific instrument for measuring the impairment of quality of life in patients with mastocytosis. Methods: During item generation, preliminary items were developed by semi-structured patient interviews, literature searches and expert opinions. After an initial patient survey, item selection was generated by impact analysis followed by validity and content check. A second patient survey tested the preliminary instrument for validity, reliability and other influence factors. Results: 158 patients participated in the validation study. The final MC-QoL instrument consists of 27 questions and can be structured into four domains (skin, emotions, function / social life, symptoms). It is possible to get a valid total score. The MC-QoL and its domains show good to excellent internal consistency, retest reliability, construct and known-groups validity. The multiple regression analysis showed, that the duration of disease, but not the age, gender or skin involvement have a significant impact on the results of MC-QoL. Summary: MC-QoL is the first German-language instrument to assess the quality of life in adult patients with cutaneous and indolent systemic mastocytosis. This short, valid and reliable tool can provide a valuable contribution to individual patient care, quality assurance and data collection in clinical trials.Einleitung: Mastozytose ist eine spontan auftretende Erkrankung assoziiert mit einer klonalen, neoplastischen Proliferation morphologisch und immunphänotypisch veränderter Mastzellen in verschiedenen Organen wie beispielsweise Haut, Knochenmark und Gastrointestinaltrakt. Die meisten erwachsenen Patienten sind von einer indolenten systemischen Mastozytose (ISM) betroffen. Die heterogene Ausprägung der Symptome, meist ausgelöst durch Mastzellenmediatoren und initiiert durch individuelle, teilweise unbekannte Auslöser, kann sich massiv negativ auf die Lebensqualität auswirken. Bisher gibt es kein validiertes Instrument, welches die Lebensqualität bei Mastozytose-Patienten erfassen kann. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es daher, ein krankheitsspezifisches Instrument zur Erfassung der Einschränkung der Lebensqualität bei Patienten mit Mastozytose zu entwickeln und zu validieren. Methoden: Bei der Itemgenerierung wurden unter Zuhilfenahme semi-strukturierten Patienteninterviews, Literaturrecherchen und Expertenmeinungen vorläufige Items entwickelt. Anschließend erfolgte nach einer ersten Patientenbefragung mittels Impaktanalyse und anschließender Gültigkeits- und Inhaltskontrolle eine Itemreduzierung. Das vorläufige Instrument wurde nach einer zweiten Patientenbefragung auf Validität, Reliabilität und weitere Einflussfaktoren getestet. Ergebnisse: Es nahmen 158 Patienten an der Validierungsstudie teil. Das finale Instrument MC-QoL besteht aus 27 Fragen und kann in vier Domänen strukturiert werden (Haut, Emotionen, Funktion/Sozialleben, Symptome). Es ist möglich eine valide Gesamtpunktzahl zu erheben. Der MC-QoL und seine Domänen zeigen eine gute bis exzellente interne Konsistenz, Retest-Reliabilität, Konstrukt- und Known-groups Validität. Bei der multiplen Regressionsanalyse konnte festgestellt werden, dass die Dauer der Erkrankung, nicht aber das Alter, Geschlecht oder die Hautbeteiligung einen signifikanten Einfluss auf die Ergebnisse des MC-QoL haben. Zusammenfassung: Der MC-QoL ist das erste deutschsprachige Instrument zur Erfassung der Lebensqualität erwachsener Patienten mit kutaner und indolenter systemischer Mastozytose. Mit diesem kurzen, validen und zuverlässigen Instrument kann ein wertvoller Beitrag zur individuellen Patientenversorgung, Qualitätssicherung und Datenerhebung in klinischen Studien geleistet werden

Unbekannte Stridulationsorgane bei Dipteren und ihre Bedeutung für Taxonomie und Phylogenetik der Agromyziden (Diptera: Agromyzidae et Chamaemyiidae).

Unter den Agromyziden war bisher keine mehr als eine Art umfassende Gattung durch konstante Merkmale definierbar. Für die Großgattungen Agromyza und Liriomyza konnte nun je ein gattungscharakteristischer Strukturenkomplex entdeckt werden, welcher nach Parallelen bei anderen Insektenordungen und mechanischen Abnutzungsspuren als Stridulationsorgan gedeutet wird. Die Strukturen werden eingehend beschrieben und abgebildet, zumal für Dipteren bisher nur für wenige Tephritidae ein andersartiger Stridulationsmechanismus bekannt ist.Nomenklatorische HandlungenLemurimyza Spencer, 1965 (Agromyzidae), syn. n. of Phytoliriomyza Hendel, 1931Pteridomyza Nowakowski, 1962 (Agromyzidae), syn. n. of Phytoliriomyza Hendel, 1931ornata (Meigen, 1830) (Cerodontha), comb. n. hitherto Liriomyza ornatahilarella (Zetterstedt, 1848) (Phytoliriomyza), comb. n. hitherto Pteridomyza hilarellamelampyga (Loew, 1869) (Phytoliriomyza), comb. n. hitherto Liriomyza melampygaNo genus of agromyzids comprehending more than one species could hitherto be defined by constant features. Now a characteristic complex of stuctures has been discovered in Agromyza and Liriomyza, both genera of many species, which is interpreted as a frictional mechanism because of its parallels to other orders of insects and also on account of noticeable signs of mechanical wear. The structures are extensively described and illustrated, as among the Diptera there is known only one dissimilar frictional mechanism in some Tephritidae.Nomenclatural ActsLemurimyza Spencer, 1965 (Agromyzidae), syn. n. of Phytoliriomyza Hendel, 1931Pteridomyza Nowakowski, 1962 (Agromyzidae), syn. n. of Phytoliriomyza Hendel, 1931ornata (Meigen, 1830) (Cerodontha), comb. n. hitherto Liriomyza ornatahilarella (Zetterstedt, 1848) (Phytoliriomyza), comb. n. hitherto Pteridomyza hilarellamelampyga (Loew, 1869) (Phytoliriomyza), comb. n. hitherto Liriomyza melampyg

Parasitoid complex (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) of the leaf-mining fly Chromatomyia horticola (Goureau) (Diptera: Agromyzidae) in Russia

Yefremova Z, Strakhova I, Kravchenko V, von Tschirnhaus M, Yegorenkova E. Parasitoid complex (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) of the leaf-mining fly Chromatomyia horticola (Goureau) (Diptera: Agromyzidae) in Russia. PHYTOPARASITICA. 2015;43(1):125-134.Sixteen species of Eulophidae were reared from Chromatomyia horticola (Goureau) collected from 14 host plants in the Middle Volga Basin (Russia). Chrysocharis viridis (Nees), Closterocerus trifasciatus Westwood, Diglyphus pusztensis (Erdos), Minotetrastichus frontalis (Nees), Neochrysocharis aratus (Walker), Pediobius cassidae Erdos, and Pnigalio pectinicornis (Linnaeus) are new host records. Two parasitic species, D. isaea (Walker) and P. metallicus (Nees), were dominant. The pre-imaginal stages of both dominant (ecto- and endoparasitoid) species are illustrated. The sex ratio between the ecto- and endoparasitoids differed. In June/July, there were about threefold more females in ectoparasitoids than in endoparasitoids. These differences in sex ratio were not related to the plant species only. The endoparasitoid species were found on all species of host plants of C. horticola, whereas the ectoparasitoid species were restricted to about half the plant species. Diglyphus isaea and Pediobius metallicus are very important regulating species against leaf miner pests such as C. horticola

New Phytologist / The betrayed thief the extraordinary strategy of Aristolochia rotunda to deceive its pollinators

Pollination of several angiosperms is based on deceit. In such systems, the flowers advertise a reward that ultimately is not provided. We report on a previously unknown pollination/mimicry system discovered in deceptive Aristolochia rotunda (Aristolochiaceae). Pollinators were collected in the natural habitat and identified. Flower scent and the volatiles of insects (models) potentially mimicked were analyzed by chemical analytical techniques. Electrophysiological and behavioral tests on the pollinators identified the components that mediate the plantpollinator interaction and revealed the model of the mimicry system. The main pollinators of A. rotunda were female Chloropidae. They are food thieves that feed on secretions of true bugs (Miridae) while these are eaten by arthropod predators. Freshly killed mirids and Aristolochia flowers released the same scent components that chloropids use to find their food sources. Aristolochia exploits these components to deceive their chloropid pollinators. Aristolochia and other trap flowers were believed to lure saprophilous flies and mimic brood sites of pollinators. We demonstrate for A. rotunda, and hypothesize for other deceptive angiosperms, the evolution of a different, kleptomyiophilous pollination strategy. It involves scent mimicry and the exploitation of kleptoparasitic flies as pollinators. Our findings suggest a reconsideration of plants assumed to show sapromyiophilous pollination.(VLID)221519

New Phytologist / The betrayed thief the extraordinary strategy of Aristolochia rotunda to deceive its pollinators

Pollination of several angiosperms is based on deceit. In such systems, the flowers advertise a reward that ultimately is not provided. We report on a previously unknown pollination/mimicry system discovered in deceptive Aristolochia rotunda (Aristolochiaceae). Pollinators were collected in the natural habitat and identified. Flower scent and the volatiles of insects (models) potentially mimicked were analyzed by chemical analytical techniques. Electrophysiological and behavioral tests on the pollinators identified the components that mediate the plantpollinator interaction and revealed the model of the mimicry system. The main pollinators of A. rotunda were female Chloropidae. They are food thieves that feed on secretions of true bugs (Miridae) while these are eaten by arthropod predators. Freshly killed mirids and Aristolochia flowers released the same scent components that chloropids use to find their food sources. Aristolochia exploits these components to deceive their chloropid pollinators. Aristolochia and other trap flowers were believed to lure saprophilous flies and mimic brood sites of pollinators. We demonstrate for A. rotunda, and hypothesize for other deceptive angiosperms, the evolution of a different, kleptomyiophilous pollination strategy. It involves scent mimicry and the exploitation of kleptoparasitic flies as pollinators. Our findings suggest a reconsideration of plants assumed to show sapromyiophilous pollination.(VLID)221519

Changes to the Fossil Record of Insects through Fifteen Years of Discovery

The first and last occurrences of hexapod families in the fossil record are compiled from publications up to end-2009. The major features of these data are compared with those of previous datasets (1993 and 1994). About a third of families (>400) are new to the fossil record since 1994, over half of the earlier, existing families have experienced changes in their known stratigraphic range and only about ten percent have unchanged ranges. Despite these significant additions to knowledge, the broad pattern of described richness through time remains similar, with described richness increasing steadily through geological history and a shift in dominant taxa, from Palaeoptera and Polyneoptera to Paraneoptera and Holometabola, after the Palaeozoic. However, after detrending, described richness is not well correlated with the earlier datasets, indicating significant changes in shorter-term patterns. There is reduced Palaeozoic richness, peaking at a different time, and a less pronounced Permian decline. A pronounced Triassic peak and decline is shown, and the plateau from the mid Early Cretaceous to the end of the period remains, albeit at substantially higher richness compared to earlier datasets. Origination and extinction rates are broadly similar to before, with a broad decline in both through time but episodic peaks, including end-Permian turnover. Origination more consistently exceeds extinction compared to previous datasets and exceptions are mainly in the Palaeozoic. These changes suggest that some inferences about causal mechanisms in insect macroevolution are likely to differ as well

Minier- und Halmfliegen (Agromyzidae, Chloropidae) und 52 weitere Familien (Diptera) aus Malaise-Fallen in Kiesgruben und einem Vorstadtgarten in Köln : mit 8 Tabellen, 7 Abbildungen im Text und 3 Tafeln im Anhang

Michael von Tschirnhau

Первоначальный учебник русскаго языка для вотяков. 4-е изд. Православ. Миссионер. Об-ва.

E. VV. VON TSCHIRNHAUSEN GRÜNDLICHE ANLEITUNG ZU NÜTZLICHEN WISSENSCHAFTEN, ABSONDERLICH ZU DER MATHESI UND PHYSICA, WIE SIE ANITZO VON DEN GELEHRTESTEN ABGEHANDELT WERDEN E. VV. von Tschirnhausen Gründliche Anleitung Zu nützlichen Wissenschaften, absonderlich Zu der Mathesi Und Physica, Wie sie anitzo von den Gelehrtesten abgehandelt werden (1) Einband (1) Titelseite (3) Titelblatt (7) I. - X. (9) XI. - XX. (21