STUDY OF SECONDARY PARTICLES PRODUCED FROM HEAVY-ION INTERACTIONS

The study of secondary particles produced from heavy-ion interactions is important in heavy ion radiotherapy, space radiation protection, and shielding at accelerator facilities. This dissertation focuses on the study of secondary neutron production as they are of special concern among all secondary particles. The first part of this dissertation is the measurement of secondary neutrons created from 4He [helium] stopped in various target materials together with the model calculations accomplished by PHITS, FLUKA, and MCNP transport codes. The comparison results show that the physics models need improvements particularly in the predictions of 1) neutrons created from the 4He interactions at the high-energy end of the spectra at each angle for FLUKA’s and PHITS’s models, 2) the high-energy peaks at 0degree for all systems and all models, and 3) the low-energy neutrons at small angles for 230-MeV/nucleon [megaelectron volt per nucleon] 4He stopping in the light targets. However, the model calculations agree with the experiment data well at intermediate and large angles in intermediate and low energy regions. The second part is the benchmark of the neutron production cross section data with model calculations fulfilled by PHITS, FLUKA, and MCNP. The studied cases cover wide ranges of projectile species, beam energy and target nuclei mass. Some significant differences do appear not only among model calculations but also between measured data and calculations. In particular, LAQGSM03.03 implemented in MCNP6 significantly overestimates the high-energy peak in the forward direction in the light and very light system at 400 MeV/nucleon. RQMD implemented in FLUKA 2011.2c overestimates the neutron cross sections at intermediate energies in nearly all systems expect the lightest targets in our studies cases. The greatest inter-model difference appear on low-energy neutrons at forward angles in the system of 400-MeV/nucleon 132Xe (xenon) and copper target, and it is inferred that GEM implemented in PHITS 2.73 over-predicts neutrons produced from evaporation. The results of both experimental study and model calculations provide critical information for validation and verification of the current radiation transport codes used for simulating heavy-ion interactions and help lead to improvements in the physics models

THE BIOMECHANICALANALYSIS OF TAEKWONDO AXE-KICK IN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL ATHLETIC

The purpose of this study was to investigate the biomechanical factors of the Taekwondo axe-kick and compare the differences between male and female athletes for timing kinematicsand kinetics. The data gained from 23 test subjects of the Taekwondo team from the junior high school (male:16, female:?). Base on the results and discussion of the study, we have reached the following conclusion: the average movement speed has significant difference between male and female groups. The average movement speed has significant positive correlation with the peak vertical ground reaction force (body weight), the peak front-rear ground reaction and impulse at the kicking leg. While the kicking leg attacked the target, the higher point of the kicking leg and the larger power at the peak tront-rear ground reaction force, the faster attacking velocity(the resultant of toe velocity) at the target

Associations among systemic blood pressure, microalbuminuria and albuminuria in dogs affected with pituitary- and adrenal-dependent hyperadrenocorticism

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Hypertension and proteinuria are medical complications associated with the multisystemic effects of long-term hypercortisolism in dogs with hyperadrenocorticism (HAC).</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>This study investigated the relationships among adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-stimulation test results, systemic blood pressure, and microalbuminuria in clinically-healthy dogs (n = 100), in dogs affected with naturally occurring pituitary-dependent (PDH; n = 40), or adrenal-dependent hyperadrenocorticism (ADH; n = 30).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Mean systemic blood pressure was similar between clinically healthy dogs and dogs with HAC (<it>p </it>= 0.803). However the incidence of hypertension was highest in dogs with ADH (<it>p = 0.017</it>), followed by dogs with PDH, with the lowest levels in clinically healthy dogs (<it>p = 0.019</it>). Presence of microalbuminuria and albuminuria in clinically healthy dogs and dogs affected with HAC was significantly different (<it>p </it>< 0.001); incidences of albuminuria followed the same pattern of hypertension; highest incidence in dogs with ADH, and lowest level in clinically healthy dogs; but microalbuminuria showed a different pattern: clinically healthy dogs had highest incidences and dogs with ADH had lowest incidence. The presence of albuminuria was not associated with blood pressure values, regardless of whether dogs were clinically healthy or affected with ADH or PDH (<it>p </it>= 0.306).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Higher incidence of hypertension and albuminuria, not microalbuminuria was seen in dogs affected with HAC compared to clinically healthy dogs; incidence of hypertension and albuminuria was significantly higher in dogs affected with ADH compared to PDH. However, presence of albuminuria was not correlated with systemic blood pressure.</p

Comparación de la rugosidad superficial de restauraciones de resinas nanorelleno (Filtek Z350) según las diferentes técnicas de pulido: estudio in vitro

Tesis (Cirujano Dentista)Antecedentes: Actualmente existe una gran variedad de sistemas de pulido de resinas, pero sin un consenso respecto a qué técnica brinda menor rugosidad superficial, por lo que al momento de realizar el pulido, el odontólogo debe guiarse sólo por indicaciones del fabricante. No existen estudios con respecto a la relación de estas resinas nanorelleno (Filtek Z350) y la rugosidad superficial generada al combinar sistemas de pulido o al aplicar sellador de resina (Permaseal). Justificación: Se requiere mejorar la eficacia del pulido en las restauraciones de resina, para poder identificar la técnica que permita producir una superficie con menos rugosidad superficial, aumentando la longevidad del material y por ende el éxito del tratamiento. Objetivo: Determinar la efectividad de diferentes técnicas de pulido sobre la rugosidad superficial de resina nanorelleno (Filtek Z350). Material y Métodos: Estudio experimental in vitro, transversal y analítico, cuyas muestras estuvo constituida por 50 cilindros de resina nanorelleno (Filtek Z350). Se clasificaron en 10 grupos de estudio; un grupo control y 9 grupos tratados: Sof- Lex, KENDA C.G.I., Fresas de Pulido, Astrobrush, Permaseal, Sof-Lex + KENDA C.G.I, Sof-Lex + Astrobrush, KENDA + Astrobrush y Sof-Lex + KENDA C.G.I + Astrobrush. Se evaluó la rugosidad superficial de cada muestra 5 veces con el rugosímetro SURFTEST- III, Mitutoyo. Para el análisis de los datos, se utilizó un software estadístico SPSS v.24, evaluando la eficacia de pulido de los distintos sistemas, mediante técnicas de análisis descriptivos e inferenciales, con uso de T-Student para evaluación de diferencias de medias de las distintas muestras vs grupo control. Finalmente, se construyó una matriz con los distintos valores medios de las rugosidades superficiales obtenidas. 10 Resultados Observados: Al finalizar el estudio se pudo determinar que el sistema menos eficaz de pulido correspondió al grupo de fresas (0.99 μm) y el mejor sistema correspondió a los discos Sof-Lex (0.44 μm). El grupo Sof-Lex + Astrobrush, como combinación de sistemas de pulido, resultó el de menor rugosidad superficial (0.18 μm).Background: Now a days there are a lot of different polishing systems for resin composite, but there isn’t any consent about which system provides a lower superficial roughness, so it is necessary for the dentist to read the manufacturers indications. There are no studies that relates the superficial roughness of nanoparticles resin (Filtek Z350) with different combinations of polishing systems and the application of resin sealer (Permaseal). Justification: It is required to improve the efficacy of polishing, so that it can be identified the technique which provides less superficial roughness, increasing the material’s longevity and the success of the restoration. Purpose: Determine the effectiveness of different polishing techniques over the superficial roughness of nanofilled resin (Filtek Z350). Materials and Method: This experimental, transversal and analytic study, consisted in 50 samples of nanofilled resin (Filtek Z350) that were classified in to 10 groups: a control group and 9 groups that were treated with: Sof- Lex, KENDA C.G.I., Polishing drills, Astrobrush, Permaseal, Sof-Lex + KENDA C.G.I, Sof-Lex + Astrobrush, KENDA + Astrobrush or Sof-Lex + KENDA C.G.I + Astrobrush. The superficial roughness was measured 5 times per sample with the profilometer SURFTEST- III, Mitutoyo. To analyze the data, it was used the statistics software SPSS v.24, evaluating the polishing efficacy of different systems, it was applied descriptive and inferential studies techniques, using T-Student to evaluate the difference of medias of the different samples vs control group. Finally, it was constructed a matrix with the different middle value of the obtained superficial roughness. Observed Results: It was possible to determine that the worst polishing system was the polishing drill group (0.99 µm) and the best one was Sof-Lex Discs (0.44 µm). The Sof-Lex + Astrobrush group was the group with combination of systems that had the lowest superficial roughness (0.18 µm)

Enhancement of sp(3)-bonding in high-bias-voltage grown diamond-like carbon thin films studied by x-ray absorption and photoemission spectroscopy

[[abstract]]X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) and valence-band photoemission spectroscopy (VB-PES) were used to elucidate the electronic and mechanical properties of diamond-like carbon (DLC) thin films deposited by the plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition method at various bias voltages (Vb) using a C2H2 vapour precursor in an Ar+ atmosphere. The increase of Vb is found to increase and decrease the contents of sp3- and sp2-bonded carbon atoms, respectively, i.e. the films become more diamond-like. The Young's modulus measurements show increases with the increase of the presence of sp3-bonded carbon atoms in the structure of the DLC films.[[notice]]補正完

THE EFFECTS Of VOLLEYBALL ATTACKING ON SCORE POINTS: A CASE STUDY OF 2014 TVL IN TAIWAN

Volleyball is a sport in which team tactical and players' attacking skills determine to score points. Therefore, an effective team tactical is achieved by main spikers' and middle blockers' skills. To name but a few, delayed spike, open spike and back-row spike are main spikers' skills, yet quick spike, and individual time difference attack are associated with middle blockers'. Under this aspect, a case study of male teams of Taiwan Top Volleyball League (TVL) was yield out, which aimed at exploring the effects of team tactical and players attacking skills on score points. The results indicated that the attacking point ratio of main spikers and middle blockers in the champion team was higher than others. This was because the middle blockers gave cover to main spikers as attacking. By doing so, it promoted point ratio to main spikers. Furthermore, it found that to strengthen main spikers and middle blockers' skills would increase team's attacking point ratio

GmPHD5 acts as an important regulator for crosstalk between histone H3K4 di-methylation and H3K14 acetylation in response to salinity stress in soybean

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Accumulated evidence suggest that specific patterns of histone posttranslational modifications (PTMs) and their crosstalks may determine transcriptional outcomes. However, the regulatory mechanisms of these "histone codes" in plants remain largely unknown.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In this study, we demonstrate for the first time that a salinity stress inducible PHD (plant homeodomain) finger domain containing protein GmPHD5 can read the "histone code" underlying the methylated H3K4. GmPHD5 interacts with other DNA binding proteins, including GmGNAT1 (an acetyl transferase), GmElongin A (a transcription elongation factor) and GmISWI (a chromatin remodeling protein). Our results suggest that GmPHD5 can recognize specific histone methylated H3K4, with preference to di-methylated H3K4. Here, we illustrate that the interaction between GmPHD5 and GmGNAT1 is regulated by the self-acetylation of GmGNAT1, which can also acetylate histone H3. GmGNAT1 exhibits a preference toward acetylated histone H3K14. These results suggest a histone crosstalk between methylated H3K4 and acetylated H3K14. Consistent to its putative roles in gene regulation under salinity stress, we showed that GmPHD5 can bind to the promoters of some confirmed salinity inducible genes in soybean.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Here, we propose a model suggesting that the nuclear protein GmPHD5 is capable of regulating the crosstalk between histone methylation and histone acetylation of different lysine residues. Nevertheless, GmPHD5 could also recruit chromatin remodeling factors and transcription factors of salt stress inducible genes to regulate their expression in response to salinity stress.</p

Anatomical Variations of Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve During Thyroid Surgery: How to Identify and Handle the Variations With Intraoperative Neuromonitoring

Recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) palsy is the most common and serious complication after thyroid surgery. Visual identification of the RLN during thyroid surgery has been shown to be associated with lower rates of palsy, and although it has been recommended as the gold standard for RLN treatment, it does not guarantee success against postoperative vocal cord paralysis. Anatomical variations of the RLN, such as extra-laryngeal branches, distorted RLN, intertwining between branches of the RLN and inferior thyroid artery, and non-recurrent laryngeal nerve, can be a potential cause of nerve injury due to visual misidentification. Therefore, intraoperative verification of functional and anatomical RLN integrity is a prerequisite for a safe thyroid operation. In this article, we review the literature and demonstrate how to identify and handle the anatomical variations of the RLN with the application of intraoperative neuromonitoring in the form of high resolution photography, which can be informative for thyroid surgeons. Anatomical variations of the RLN cannot be predicted preoperatively and might be associated with higher rates of RLN injury. The RLN injury caused by visual misidentification can be rare if the nerve is definitely identified early with intraoperative neuromonitoring