Rayleigh surface waves propagating in (111) Si substrate decorated with Ni phononic nanostructure

The paper reports results of the Surface Brillouin Light Scattering at the silicon (111) surface loaded with a periodic 2D nickel nanostructure. Measurements were made for samples loaded with nanostructures of different period (different size) but of the same height. The relation between the nanostructure size and the velocity of surface Rayleigh waves was proved to be nonlinear. Anisotropy of the surface Rayleigh wave velocity was compared with the results of theoretical modelling based on the Finite Element Method

Dispersion of the surface phonons in semiconductor/topological insulator Si/Bi2Te3 heterostructure studied by high resolution Brillouin spectroscopy

The dynamics and dispersion of surface phonons in heterostructure semiconductor/ topological insulator Si/Bi2Te3 was investigated using high resolution Brillouin light scattering method in the GHz frequency range. Both Rayleigh and Sezawa surface acoustic waves have been observed for wave vectors ranging from 0.006 to 0.023 nm−1. Anomaly in dispersion relations ω(q) for both surface waves were detected for the wave vector q = 0.016 nm−1. The finite element method (FEM) was used to simulate the observed shapes of ω(q) and to find the deformation profiles of surface acoustic waves. We attribute the observed changes to the coupling between low energy electrons and surface phonons. The coupling between helical Dirac states and surface phonons is discussed in the frame of accessible theoretical models

Impact of online shopping frequency on overconsumption in European households : regional analysis with a focus on Poland

PURPOSE: The purpose of the article is to examine the impact of the frequency of online shopping on the reasons for getting rid of functional items from households.DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: Consumer culture provides people with new consumption patterns and attractive incentives that stimulate them to constantly acquire new goods and services. The attitude of consumerism leads to a situation in which the more a consumer possesses, the greater the desire to possess. Consumerism explains the pro-consumption attitude of members of highly developed societies, but it also permeates developing countries.FINDINGS: The article is based on secondary data and the results of the authors' own research, conducted on a representative sample of adult Poles. Based on the results of the survey, it can be observed that an increase in the frequency of online shopping results in an increase in the consumption of products and a greater need to get rid of functional items from households.PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: It should not be forgotten that consumerism causes many negative effects on the environment. First of all, consumerism is the cause of waste of natural resources. At the same time, it should be emphasized that the activities of individuals and households have significant environmental consequences in the aggregate.ORIGINALITY/VALUE: Based on the results of this article, significant improvements in the environment can result from a change in their behavior.The project is financed within the framework of the programme of the Minister of Science 416 and Higher Education entitled "Regional Excellence Initiative" in 2019-2022; project number 417 001/RID/2018/19; the amount of financing PLN 10,684,000.00.peer-reviewe

Analysis of the impact of sex and age on the variation in the prevalence of antinuclear autoantibodies in Polish population: a nationwide observational, cross-sectional study

The detection of antinuclear autoantibody (ANA) is dependent on many factors and varies between the populations. The aim of the study was first to assess the prevalence of ANA in the Polish adult population depending on age, sex and the cutoff threshold used for the results obtained. Second, we estimated the occurrence of individual types of ANA-staining patterns. We tested 1731 patient samples using commercially available IIFA using two cutoff thresholds of 1:100 and 1:160. We found ANA in 260 participants (15.0%), but the percentage of positive results strongly depended on the cutoff level. For a cutoff threshold 1:100, the positive population was 19.5% and for the 1:160 cutoff threshold, it was 11.7%. The most prevalent ANA-staining pattern was AC-2 Dense Fine speckled (50%), followed by AC-21 Reticular/AMA (14.38%) ANA more common in women (72%); 64% of ANA-positive patients were over 50 years of age. ANA prevalence in the Polish population is at a level observed in other highly developed countries and is more prevalent in women and elderly individuals. To reduce the number of positive results released, we suggest that Polish laboratories should set 1:160 as the cutoff threshold

The voice telecommunication terminals conformity assessment according to the TBR 38

Opisano procedury badawcze do przeprowadzania kompleksowych pomiarów parametrów głosowych terminali telekomunikacyjnych, zgodnie z dokumentem europejskim TBR 38, według dyrektywy UE 1999/5/EC. Procedury te zostały wdrożone w Centralnym Laboratorium Badawczym Instytutu Łączności w Warszawie.Research procedures aimed at carrying out complex measuring of telecommunication voice terminal parameters accordance to the paper TBR 38 and EU directive 1999/5/EC. These procedures have been implemented in the Central Research Laboratory of National Institute of Telecommunications (NIT)

Probiotics in products of plant origin

Badania prowadzone w XX wieku pozwoliły wyodrębnić drobnoustroje, tzw. probiotyki, które spożyte z żywnością szczególnie korzystnie wpływają na zdrowie konsumenta. Celem pracy było przedstawienie zasadności dodawania probiotyków do produktów roślinnych, opisanie wybranych aspektów technologii żywności roślinnej zawierającej te drobnoustroje oraz dokonanie charakterystyki surowców, które mogą stać się ich nośnikiem. Wśród czynników przemawiających za stosowaniem probiotyków w żywności roślinnej wymienia się ich wpływ na wysoką wartość żywieniową i sensoryczną oraz długą tradycję fermentowania. Ich wzrost i/lub przeżycie podczas przetwarzania i przechowywania żywności i jednoczesne zachowanie korzystnego wpływu na zdrowie można osiągnąć m.in. przez dobór odpowiedniego nośnika probiotyków, różne metody wzmacniania żywotności probiotyków oraz ich mikrokapsułkowanie. Niezwykle ważnym aspektem technologicznym jest zapewnienie odpowiednich właściwości sensorycznych produktu. Potencjalnymi nośnikami probiotyków mogą być przetworzone produkty z soi, zbóż, owoców i warzyw.Research studies carried out in the 20th century made it possible to isolate micro-organisms, the socalled probiotics, which, if consumed with food, have a particularly positive effect on consumer health. The objective of this study was to explain the reasonableness of adding probiotics to plant products, to describe the selected technological aspects of producing plant foods containing those micro-organisms, and to characterize raw products that can become their carrier. Among the factors in favour for using probiotics in plant foods, the impact thereof on high nutritive and sensory value is named as is a long tradition of fermenting them. It is possible to achieve both their growth and / or survival while foods are processed and stored, and, at the same time, to perpetuate their beneficial effect on health, among other things, by: selecting a suitable probiotics carrier, applying various methods to enhance the viability of probiotics, and micro-encapsulating them. A particularly important aspect of the technology is to ensure appropriate sensory properties of a product. Processed products of soybean, cereals, fruits, and vegetables are considered to be potential carriers of probiotics

Wskaźniki głośności - miara oceny jakości aparatów telefonicznych

Opisano zasadę obiektywnego pomiaru wskaźników głośności telekomunikacyjnych urządzeń końcowych (głosowych), według modelu LR oraz sposób przeprowadzania takich pomiarów w Laboratorium Badań Urządzeń Telekomunikacyjnych Instytutu Łączności.The article describes an objective method for measuring volume indicators in telecommunications (voice) terminals according to the LR model, and the implementation of those measurements at the Telecommunication Equipment Testing Laboratory of the National Institute of Telecommunications

Reporting for sustainable development in the liight of the principles of the Global Reporting Initiative as a Manifestion Od Corporate Social Resposibility as an example TSL sector

W artykule wyjaśniono cele zasad raportowania GRI w zakresie tworzenia społecznie odpowiedzialnych działań podmiotów sektora TSL. Zaprezentowano wytyczne w tym zakresie, w szczególności przedstawiono zestawy wskaźników (ekonomiczne, społeczne i środowiskowe).This article aims to explain the principles of the GRI reporting in terms of making sector entities TSL socially responsible activities. Presented above all guidelines in this area, especially kits of indicators (economic, social and environmental)