47 research outputs found
Exposure to suicide in the family: Suicide risk and psychache in individualswho have lost a family member by suicide
Objective: The aim of the present study was to compare a sample
of Portuguese individuals exposed to suicide in their families with
a control group, for lifetime suicidality. This study also evaluated
the incremental value of psychache (i.e., extreme psychological pain)
in determining suicide risk beyond the contribution associated with
having lost a family member by suicide.
Method: A total of 225 community adults participated. Two groups
were defined: a group exposed to suicide (n=53), and a control group
(n = 172).
Results: Results demonstrated that groups did significantly differ
on the total score of the Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised
(SBQ-R), on the four individual SBQ-R items, and on psychache.
Results from a hierarchical multiple regression analysis demonstrated
that having lost a family member by suicide and the construct
of psychache each provided a significant unique contribution
to explaining variance in suicide risk. The interaction between group
membership and psychache also provided a further enhancement to
the statistical prediction of suicide risk.
Conclusion: Findings are discussed with regard to their implications
for clinical intervention and postvention
Self-report depressive symptoms do not directly predict suicidality in nonclinical individuals: Contributions toward a more psychosocial approach to suicide risk
Although suicidality is associated with mental illness in general and depression in particular, many depressed individuals do not attempt suicide and some individuals who attempt to or do die by suicide do not present depressive symptoms. This article aims to contribute to a more psychosocial approach to understanding suicide risk in nonclinical populations. In advocating a psychosocial perspective rather than a depression-focused approach, this article presents four diverse studies that demonstrate sampling and measurement invariance in findings across different populations and specific measures. Study 1 tests the mediation effects of 2 interpersonal variables, thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness, in the association between depressive symptoms and recent suicidality. Studies 2 and 3 evaluate the contribution of hopelessness and psychache, beyond depressive symptoms, to suicidality. Study 4 tests the contribution of life events behind depressive symptoms, and other relevant sociodemographic and clinical variables, to the estimation of “future suicidality.” Overall, results demonstrate that depressive symptoms do not directly predict suicidality in nonclinical individuals, but that other psychosocial variables mediate the association between depressive symptoms and suicidality or predict suicidality when statistically controlling for depressive symptoms. The article contributes to understanding some of the nonpsychopathological factors that potentially link depressive symptoms to suicide risk and that might themselves contribute to suicidality, even when controlling for depressive symptoms
Review of Predictors of Suicide within 1 year of Discharge from a Psychiatric Hospital
Previous research has shown that suicide risk is highest in the year after people have been discharged from a psychiatric hospital. As such, identifying predictors of suicide within this time frame is important. Results from a systematic database search showed that all significant suicide predictors—those found in more than one study—could be grouped into factors related to suicidality, patient care factors, and demographic and psychopathological factors. Increased knowledge of suicide predictors for this particularly high-risk time, identified in this review, can help inform prevention and intervention efforts that may significantly reduce suicide rates
Review of Predictors of Suicide within 1 year of Discharge from a Psychiatric Hospital
Previous research has shown that suicide risk is highest in the year after people have been discharged from a psychiatric hospital. As such, identifying predictors of suicide within this time frame is important. Results from a systematic database search showed that all significant suicide predictors—those found in more than one study—could be grouped into factors related to suicidality, patient care factors, and demographic and psychopathological factors. Increased knowledge of suicide predictors for this particularly high-risk time, identified in this review, can help inform prevention and intervention efforts that may significantly reduce suicide rates