1,041 research outputs found
Renormalization and additional degrees of freedom within the chiral effective theory for spin-1 resonances
We study in detail various aspects of the renormalization of the spin-1
resonance propagator in the effective field theory framework. First, we briefly
review the formalisms for the description of spin-1 resonances in the path
integral formulation with the stress on the issue of propagating degrees of
freedom. Then we calculate the one-loop 1-- meson self-energy within the
Resonance chiral theory in the chiral limit using different methods for the
description of spin-one particles, namely the Proca field, antisymmetric tensor
field and the first order formalisms. We discuss in detail technical aspects of
the renormalization procedure which are inherent to the power-counting
non-renormalizable theory and give a formal prescription for the organization
of both the counterterms and one-particle irreducible graphs. We also construct
the corresponding propagators and investigate their properties. We show that
the additional poles corresponding to the additional one-particle states are
generated by loop corrections, some of which are negative norm ghosts or
tachyons. We count the number of such additional poles and briefly discuss
their physical meaning.Comment: 65 pages, 12 figure
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Liquid droplet formation by HP1α suggests a role for phase separation in heterochromatin.
Gene silencing by heterochromatin is proposed to occur in part as a result of the ability of heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) proteins to spread across large regions of the genome, compact the underlying chromatin and recruit diverse ligands. Here we identify a new property of the human HP1α protein: the ability to form phase-separated droplets. While unmodified HP1α is soluble, either phosphorylation of its N-terminal extension or DNA binding promotes the formation of phase-separated droplets. Phosphorylation-driven phase separation can be promoted or reversed by specific HP1α ligands. Known components of heterochromatin such as nucleosomes and DNA preferentially partition into the HP1α droplets, but molecules such as the transcription factor TFIIB show no preference. Using a single-molecule DNA curtain assay, we find that both unmodified and phosphorylated HP1α induce rapid compaction of DNA strands into puncta, although with different characteristics. We show by direct protein delivery into mammalian cells that an HP1α mutant incapable of phase separation in vitro forms smaller and fewer nuclear puncta than phosphorylated HP1α. These findings suggest that heterochromatin-mediated gene silencing may occur in part through sequestration of compacted chromatin in phase-separated HP1 droplets, which are dissolved or formed by specific ligands on the basis of nuclear context
Long-term variability of drought indices in the Czech Lands and effects of external forcings and large-scale climate variability modes
While a considerable number of records document the temporal variability of
droughts for central Europe, the understanding of its underlying causes remains
limited. In this contribution, time series of three drought indices (Standardized Precipitation Index –
SPI; Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index – SPEI; Palmer Drought Severity Index – PDSI) are analyzed with regard to mid- to long-term drought variability
in the Czech Lands and its potential links to external forcings and internal
climate variability modes over the 1501–2006 period. Employing instrumental
and proxy-based data characterizing the external climate forcings (solar and
volcanic activity, greenhouse gases) in parallel with series representing the
activity of selected climate variability modes (El Niño–Southern
Oscillation – ENSO; Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation – AMO; Pacific
Decadal Oscillation – PDO; North Atlantic Oscillation – NAO), regression
and wavelet analyses were deployed to identify and quantify the temporal
variability patterns of drought indices and similarity between individual
signals. Aside from a strong connection to the NAO, temperatures in the AMO
and (particularly) PDO regions were disclosed as one of the possible drivers
of inter-decadal variability in the Czech drought regime. Colder and wetter
episodes were found to coincide with increased volcanic activity, especially
in summer, while no clear signature of solar activity was found. In addition
to identification of the links themselves, their temporal stability and
structure of their shared periodicities were investigated. The oscillations
at periods of approximately 60–100 years were found to be potentially
relevant in establishing the teleconnections affecting the long-term
variability of central European droughts.</p
On different lagrangian formalisms for vector resonances within chiral perturbation theory
We study the relation of vector Proca field formalism and antisymmetric
tensor field formalism for spin-one resonances in the context of the large N_C
inspired chiral resonance Lagrangian systematically up to the order O(p6) and
give a transparent prescription for the transition from vector to antisymmetric
tensor Lagrangian and vice versa. We also discuss the possibility to describe
the spin-one resonances using an alternative "mixed" first order formalism,
which includes both types of fields simultaneously, and compare this one with
the former two. We also briefly comment on the compatibility of the above
lagrangian formalisms with the high-energy constraints for concrete VVP
correlator.Comment: 34 pages, 3 figure
Future agroclimatic conditions and implications for European grasslands.
Grasslands play a significant role in livestock fodder production and thus, contribute to food security worldwide while providing numerous additional ecosystem services. However, how agroclimatic conditions and adverse weather events relevant for grasslands will change across the European grassland areas has not been examined to date. Using a single reference setup for soil and management over 476 European sites defined by climate stations, we show the probability of eight selected adverse weather events with the potential to significantly affect grassland productivity under climate change and how these events vary regionally across Europe. Changes in these eight key agroclimatic indicators create markedly specific spatial patterns. We found that by 2050, the exposure of the south and west European grasslands to heat and drought may double in comparison with today and that the area with frequent occurrences of heat and drought will expand northwards. However, across Ukraine, Belarus, and the Baltic countries to southern Finland and Sweden, the likelihood of these events is likely to decrease. While changing cultivars and management strategies are unavoidable, shifting grassland production to other regions to reduce the risk may not be possible as the risk of adverse events beyond the key grassland-growing areas increases even further. Moreover, we found marked changes in the overall thermal and water regimes across European regions. The effect of adverse weather events in the future could be different in other regions of the world compared to regions in Europe, emphasizing the importance of conducting similar analyses for other major grassland producing regions. To mitigate the impact of climate change, new ways of maintaining grassland productivity need to be developed. These methods include more efficient selection of species mixtures for specific regions, including increased use of legumes and forbs; incorporation of new genetic resources, including the development of hybrid cultivars, such as Festulolium hybrids; and incorporation of state-of-the-art technologies in breeding programs and new grazing management
Behaviour of eggshell membranes at tensile loading
The aim of this paper was to study the mechanical behaviour of the eggshell membrane using tensile tests at different loading rates. The eggshell membrane was obtained from commercial breeding lines of Japanese quails (Coturnix japonica). Samples were cut out of the membrane in latitudinal direction. TIRAtest 27025 tensile testing machine equipped with a 200 N load-cell was used. Tensile deformation exhibits both non-linear as well as linear region. The dependence of the stress on the strain in non-linear region can be described using of the Mooney-Rivlin equation. Linear region corresponds to the elastic strain. Parameters of the used equation are dependent on the strain rate. Generally, the strength of the eggshell membrane increases with the strain rate
Generic multiloop methods and application to N=4 super-Yang-Mills
We review some recent additions to the tool-chest of techniques for finding
compact integrand representations of multiloop gauge-theory amplitudes -
including non-planar contributions - applicable for N=4 super-Yang-Mills in
four and higher dimensions, as well as for theories with less supersymmetry. We
discuss a general organization of amplitudes in terms of purely cubic graphs,
review the method of maximal cuts, as well as some special D-dimensional
recursive cuts, and conclude by describing the efficient organization of
amplitudes resulting from the conjectured duality between color and kinematic
structures on constituent graphs.Comment: 42 pages, 18 figures, invited review for a special issue of Journal
of Physics A devoted to "Scattering Amplitudes in Gauge Theories", v2 minor
corrections, v3 added reference
Current perceptions on climate change impacts and adaptation for arable crops in Europe
vokKAT. Yksikön huom.: KA
On the background in the reaction and mixed event simulation
In this paper we evaluate sources of background for the , with the detected through its decay channel, to
compare with the experiment carried out at ELSA. We find background from
followed by decay of a into two ,
recombining one and one , and from the reaction with subsequent decay of the into two photons. This
background accounts for the data at invariant masses beyond 700
MeV, but strength is missing at lower invariant masses which was attributed to
photon misidentification events, which we simulate to get a good reproduction
of the experimental background. Once this is done, we perform an event mixing
simulation to reproduce the calculated background and we find that the method
provides a good description of the background at low invariant
masses but fakes the background at high invariant masses, making background
events at low invariant masses, which are due to misidentification
events, responsible for the background at high invariant masses which is due to
the and reactions.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figure
The Grassmannian and the Twistor String: Connecting All Trees in N=4 SYM
We present a new, explicit formula for all tree-level amplitudes in N=4 super
Yang-Mills. The formula is written as a certain contour integral of the
connected prescription of Witten's twistor string, expressed in link variables.
A very simple deformation of the integrand gives directly the Grassmannian
integrand proposed by Arkani-Hamed et al. together with the explicit contour of
integration. The integral is derived by iteratively adding particles to the
Grassmannian integral, one particle at a time, and makes manifest both parity
and soft limits. The formula is shown to be related to those given by Dolan and
Goddard, and generalizes the results of earlier work for NMHV and N^2MHV to all
N^(k-2)MHV tree amplitudes in N=4 super Yang-Mills.Comment: 26 page
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