Projekt SYSTEM jako příklad mezinárodního využití ICT v přípravě učitelů přírodovědy

Článek se zabývá problematikou mezinárodních projektů v přípravě přírodovědných učitelů s využitím ICT.Článek se zabývá problematikou mezinárodních projektů v přípravě přírodovědných učitelů s využitím ICT.The paper deals with problematics of international projects in science teacher training using ICT

Update on the role of Rifaximin in digestive diseases

© Journal of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.Various environmental factors affecting the human microbiota may lead to gut microbial imbalance and to the development of pathologies. Alterations of gut microbiota have been firmly implicated in digestive diseases such as hepatic encephalopathy, irritable bowel syndrome and diverticular disease. However, while these three conditions may all be related to dysfunction of the gut-liver-brain axis, the precise pathophysiology appears to differ somewhat for each. Herein, current knowledge on the pathophysiology of hepatic encephalopathy, irritable bowel syndrome, and diverticular disease are reviewed, with a special focus on the gut microbiota modulation associated with these disorders during therapy with rifaximin. In general, the evidence for the efficacy of rifaximin in hepatic encephalopathy appears to be well consolidated, although it is less supported for irritable bowel syndrome and diverticular disease. We reviewed current clinical practice for the management of these clinical conditions and underlined the desirability of more real-world studies to fully understand the potential of rifaximin in these clinical situations and obtain even more precise indications for the use of the drug.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Update on the Role of Rifaximin in Digestive Diseases

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.Various environmental factors affecting the human microbiota may lead to gut microbial imbalance and to the development of pathologies. Alterations of gut microbiota have been firmly implicated in digestive diseases such as hepatic encephalopathy, irritable bowel syndrome and diverticular disease. However, while these three conditions may all be related to dysfunction of the gut-liver-brain axis, the precise pathophysiology appears to differ somewhat for each. Herein, current knowledge on the pathophysiology of hepatic encephalopathy, irritable bowel syndrome, and diverticular disease are reviewed, with a special focus on the gut microbiota modulation associated with these disorders during therapy with rifaximin. In general, the evidence for the efficacy of rifaximin in hepatic encephalopathy appears to be well consolidated, although it is less supported for irritable bowel syndrome and diverticular disease. We reviewed current clinical practice for the management of these clinical conditions and underlined the desirability of more real-world studies to fully understand the potential of rifaximin in these clinical situations and obtain even more precise indications for the use of the drug.Peer reviewe

Type 1 Autoimmune Pancreatitis in Europe:Clinical Profile and Response to Treatment

Background &amp; Aims: Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is an immune-mediated disease of the pancreas with distinct pathophysiology and manifestations. Our aims were to characterize type 1 AIP in a large pan-European cohort and study the effectiveness of current treatment regimens. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed adults diagnosed since 2005 with type 1 or not-otherwise-specified AIP in 42 European university hospitals. Type 1 AIP was uniformly diagnosed using specific diagnostic criteria. Patients with type 2 AIP and those who had undergone pancreatic surgery were excluded. The primary end point was complete remission, defined as the absence of clinical symptoms and resolution of the index radiologic pancreatic abnormalities attributed to AIP. Results: We included 735 individuals with AIP (69% male; median age, 57 years; 85% White). Steroid treatment was started in 634 patients, of whom 9 (1%) were lost to follow-up. The remaining 625 had a 79% (496/625) complete, 18% (111/625) partial, and 97% (607/625) cumulative remission rate, whereas 3% (18/625) did not achieve remission. No treatment was given in 95 patients, who had a 61% complete (58/95), 19% partial (18/95), and 80% cumulative (76/95) spontaneous remission rate. Higher (≥0.4 mg/kg/day) corticosteroid doses were no more effective than lower (&lt;0.4 mg/kg/day) doses (odds ratio, 0.428; 95% confidence interval, 0.054–3.387) and neither was a starting dose duration &gt;2 weeks (odds ratio, 0.908; 95% confidence interval, 0.818–1.009). Elevated IgG4 levels were independently associated with a decreased chance of complete remission (odds ratio, 0.639; 95% confidence interval, 0.427–0.955). Relapse occurred in 30% of patients. Relapses within 6 months of remission induction were independent of the steroid-tapering duration, induction treatment duration, and total cumulative dose. Conclusions: Patients with type 1 AIP and elevated IgG4 level may need closer monitoring. For remission induction, a starting dose of 0.4 mg/kg/day for 2 weeks followed by a short taper period seems effective. This study provides no evidence to support more aggressive regimens.</p

Type 1 Autoimmune Pancreatitis in Europe:Clinical Profile and Response to Treatment

Background &amp; Aims: Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is an immune-mediated disease of the pancreas with distinct pathophysiology and manifestations. Our aims were to characterize type 1 AIP in a large pan-European cohort and study the effectiveness of current treatment regimens. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed adults diagnosed since 2005 with type 1 or not-otherwise-specified AIP in 42 European university hospitals. Type 1 AIP was uniformly diagnosed using specific diagnostic criteria. Patients with type 2 AIP and those who had undergone pancreatic surgery were excluded. The primary end point was complete remission, defined as the absence of clinical symptoms and resolution of the index radiologic pancreatic abnormalities attributed to AIP. Results: We included 735 individuals with AIP (69% male; median age, 57 years; 85% White). Steroid treatment was started in 634 patients, of whom 9 (1%) were lost to follow-up. The remaining 625 had a 79% (496/625) complete, 18% (111/625) partial, and 97% (607/625) cumulative remission rate, whereas 3% (18/625) did not achieve remission. No treatment was given in 95 patients, who had a 61% complete (58/95), 19% partial (18/95), and 80% cumulative (76/95) spontaneous remission rate. Higher (≥0.4 mg/kg/day) corticosteroid doses were no more effective than lower (&lt;0.4 mg/kg/day) doses (odds ratio, 0.428; 95% confidence interval, 0.054–3.387) and neither was a starting dose duration &gt;2 weeks (odds ratio, 0.908; 95% confidence interval, 0.818–1.009). Elevated IgG4 levels were independently associated with a decreased chance of complete remission (odds ratio, 0.639; 95% confidence interval, 0.427–0.955). Relapse occurred in 30% of patients. Relapses within 6 months of remission induction were independent of the steroid-tapering duration, induction treatment duration, and total cumulative dose. Conclusions: Patients with type 1 AIP and elevated IgG4 level may need closer monitoring. For remission induction, a starting dose of 0.4 mg/kg/day for 2 weeks followed by a short taper period seems effective. This study provides no evidence to support more aggressive regimens.</p

Type 1 Autoimmune Pancreatitis in Europe: Clinical Profile and Response to Treatment.

Background and aimsAutoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is an immune-mediated disease of the pancreas with distinct pathophysiology and manifestations. Our aims were to characterize type 1 AIP in a large pan-European cohort and study the effectiveness of current treatment regimens.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed adults diagnosed since 2005 with type 1 or not-otherwise-specified AIP in 42 European university hospitals. Type 1 AIP was uniformly diagnosed using specific diagnostic criteria. Patients with type 2 AIP and those who had undergone pancreatic surgery were excluded. The primary endpoint was complete remission, defined as the absence of clinical symptoms and resolution of the index radiological pancreatic abnormalities attributed to AIP.ResultsWe included 735 individuals with AIP (69% male; median age 57 years; 85% White). Steroid treatment was started in 634 patients, of whom 9 (1%) were lost to follow-up. The remaining 625 had a 79% (496/625) complete, 18% (111/625) partial, and 97% (607/625) cumulative remission rate, while 3% (18/625) did not achieve remission. No treatment was given in 95 patients, who had a 61% complete (58/95), 19% partial (18/95), and 80% cumulative (76/95) spontaneous remission rate. Higher (≥0.4 mg/kg/day) corticosteroid doses were no more effective than lower ( 2 weeks (OR 0.908; 95%CI 0.818-1.009). Elevated IgG4 levels were independently associated with a decreased chance of complete remission (OR 0.639; 95%CI 0.427-0.955). Relapse occurred in 30% of patients. Relapses within 6 months of remission induction were independent of the steroid tapering duration, induction treatment duration, and total cumulative dose.ConclusionPatients with type 1 AIP and elevated IgG4 level may need closer monitoring. For remission induction, a starting dose of 0.4 mg/kg/day for 2 weeks followed by a short taper period seems effective. This study provides no evidence to support more aggressive regimens

Płacz i śmiech jako podpora krytyki Szwajcarii w sztuce Zwanzigtausend Seiten Lukasa Bärfussa

Im Mittelpunkt dieses Beitrags steht das bis jetzt wenig erforschte Theaterstück Zwanzigtausend Seiten des Schweizer Dramatikers Lukas Bärfuss. Die Kritik an der Schweizer Gesellschaft wird unter dem Fokus der emotionalen Erscheinungen Lachen und Weinen dargestellt. Im ersten Schritt wird auf die Begriffe Weinen und Lachen aus biologischer sowie gesellschaftlicher Sicht eingegangen. Im Speziellen wird unterschieden, wie diese Phänomene mit dem Tragischen bzw. dem Komischen (fokussiert auf die emotionalen Äußerungen, die im Weinen und Lachen ihren Ausdruck finden) zusammenhängen und welche Rolle in dieser Wechselbeziehung die Vernunft spielt. Ferner wird auch der Bezug von Weinen und Lachen zur Empathie(losigkeit) der Gemeinschaft gegenüber dem Individuum näher betrachtet und an konkreten Textpassagen festgemacht. Die Leitthese dieser Abhandlung lautet: Man kann seine emotionalen Grenzen beliebig ausweiten, jedoch vermag weder Weinen noch Lachen den Strom des vorherrschenden Diskurses innerhalb einer Gesellschaft zu unterbrechen.Płacz i śmiech jako podpora krytyki Szwajcarii w sztuce Zwanzigtausend Seiten Lukasa Bärfussa Przedmiotem analizy są narzędzia krytyki społeczeństwa szwajcarskiego oparte na zjawiskach emocjonalnych – śmiechu i płaczu zastosowane w słabo dotychczas zbadanej sztuce Zwanzigtausend Seiten szwajcarskiego dramaturga Lukasa Bärfussa. W pierwszym kroku omawiane są pojęcia płaczu i śmiechu z perspektywy biologii i aspektów społecznych. Szczególnie podkreślony został związek tych fenomenów z kategoriami tragizmu i komizmu oraz zdefiniowana rola rozumu (Vernunft), jaką odgrywa on w tej wzajemnie warunkującej się relacji. Następnie zbadana została na konkretnych fragmentach tekstu relacja płaczu i śmiechu do empatii (lub jej braku) we wspólnocie wobec jednostki. Zgodnie z tezą artykułu, można dowolnie poszerzać własne granice emocjonalne, lecz ani płaczem ani śmiechem nie da się przerwać prądu dominującego dyskursu w społeczeństwie.The focus of this article is the little-explored play Twenty Thousand Pages by the Swiss playwright Lukas Bärfuss. The criticism of Swiss society is presented under the focus of the emo-tional manifestations of laughter and crying. The focus is on two main protagonists, Wüthrich and Tony. One weeps constantly in his hiding place over the negative attitude of Swiss society to its behavior during World War II. The other tries to make the serious allegations public through an amusing TV show. The following research questions are examined in this regard: Are the main characters Wüthrich and Tony to be understood as complementary oppositions, each of which can be equated with crying and laughing? For the same reason, have their efforts to criticize Swiss cop-ing with the past concerning the atrocities of the Second World War failed? What position does society take regarding these two individuals, and what role do crying and laughter play in this