Vivencias de la paternidad en la adolescencia en una comunidad brasileña de baja renta Vivências da paternidade na adolescência em uma comunidade brasileira de baixa renda The experience of paternity during adolescence in a low-income Brazilian community

Existen lagunas en el conocimiento relativo a la paternidad en la adolescencia. Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo explorar las vivencias de la paternidad en la adolescencia. El método de investigación fue la historia oral temática; fueron entrevistados 19 residentes de una comunidad brasileña de baja renta. Las categorías descriptivas de la experiencia fueron: a) Lagunas en la educación sexual, falta de cuidado con la anticoncepción y el deseo de ser padre, contribuyeron para la ocurrencia de la paternidad en la adolescencia; b) Los adolescentes fueron sorprendidos por la gravidez y aceptaron las responsabilidades paternales en la medida de sus posibilidades; c) La paternidad en la adolescencia significó alcanzar la madurez rápidamente y tener la vida transformada, y, d) Arrepentimiento o felicidad: resultados distintos de la paternidad en la adolescencia. Las intervenciones junto a los adolescentes deben ser realizadas de forma segura, ética y contextualizada.<br>Existem lacunas no conhecimento relativo à paternidade na adolescência. Esta investigação teve o objetivo de explorar as vivências da paternidade na adolescência. O método de investigação foi a história oral temática e entrevistados 19 moradores de uma comunidade brasileira de baixa renda. As categorias descritivas da experiência foram: a) Lacunas na educação sexual, falta de cuidado com a anticoncepção e o desejo de ser pai contribuíram para a ocorrência da paternidade na adolescência; b) Os adolescentes foram surpreendidos pela gravidez e assumiram as responsabilidades paternas na medida de suas possibilidades; c) A paternidade na adolescência significou amadurecimento rápido e ter a vida transformada e d) Arrependimento ou felicidade: resultados distintos da paternidade na adolescência. As intervenções junto aos adolescentes devem ser realizadas de forma segura, ética e contextualizada.<br>There are gaps in the knowledge related to paternity during adolescence. This investigation had the purpose to explore the experiences of paternity during adolescence. The investigation method was the thematic oral history, with 19 members of a low-income Brazilian community being interviewed. The categories describing the experience were: a) Gaps in sexual education, lack of attention to contraceptive methods and the desire for fatherhood contributed for the occurrence of paternity during adolescence; b) The adolescents were surprised by pregnancy and assumed the paternal responsibilities as best as they could; c) Paternity during adolescence meant a faster process of maturation and having their lives transformed; d) Regret or happiness: distinct results of paternity in adolescence. Interventions focused on adolescents must be performed in safe, ethical and contextualized ways

Schistosome-induced cholangiocyte proliferation and osteopontin secretion correlate with fibrosis and portal hypertension in human and murine schistosomiasis mansoni.

Schistosomiasis is a major cause of portal hypertension worldwide. It associates with portal fibrosis that develops during chronic infection. The mechanisms by which the pathogen evokes these host responses remain unclear. We evaluated the hypothesis that schistosome eggs release factors that directly stimulate liver cells to produce osteopontin (OPN), a pro-fibrogenic protein that stimulates hepatic stellate cells to become myofibroblasts. We also investigated the utility of OPN as a biomarker of fibrosis and/or severity of portal hypertension. Cultured cholangiocytes, Kupffer cells and hepatic stellate cells were treated with soluble egg antigen (SEA); OPN production was quantified by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRTPCR) and ELISA; cell proliferation was assessed by BrdU (5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine). Mice were infected with Schistosoma mansoni for 6 or 16 weeks to cause early or advanced fibrosis. Liver OPN was evaluated by qRTPCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC) and correlated with liver fibrosis and serum OPN. Livers from patients with schistosomiasis mansoni (early fibrosis n=15; advanced fibrosis n=72) or healthy adults (n=22) were immunostained for OPN and fibrosis markers. Results were correlated with plasma OPN levels and splenic vein pressures. SEA-induced cholangiocyte proliferation and OPN secretion (P<0.001 compared with controls). Cholangiocytes were OPN (+) in Schistosoma-infected mice and humans. Liver and serum OPN levels correlated with fibrosis stage (mice: r=0.861; human r=0.672, P=0.0001) and myofibroblast accumulation (mice: r=0.800; human: r=0.761, P=0.0001). Numbers of OPN (+) bile ductules strongly correlated with splenic vein pressure (r=0.778; P=0.001). S. mansoni egg antigens stimulate cholangiocyte proliferation and OPN secretion. OPN levels in liver and blood correlate with fibrosis stage and portal hypertension severity