85 research outputs found
Relaxation of hole spins in quantum dots via two-phonon processes
We investigate theoretically spin relaxation in heavy hole quantum dots in
low external magnetic fields. We demonstrate that two-phonon processes and
spin-orbit interaction are experimentally relevant and provide an explanation
for the recently observed saturation of the spin relaxation rate in heavy hole
quantum dots with vanishing magnetic fields. We propose further experiments to
identify the relevant spin relaxation mechanisms in low magnetic fields.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figure
Superconductor spintronics: Modeling spin and charge accumulation in out-of-equilibrium NS junctions subjected to Zeeman magnetic fields
We study the spin and charge accumulation in junctions between a
superconductor and a ferromagnet or a normal metal in the presence of a Zeeman
magnetic field, when the junction is taken out of equilibrium by applying a
voltage bias. We write down the most general form for the spin and charge
current in such junctions, taking into account all spin-resolved possible
tunneling processes. We make use of these forms to calculate the spin
accumulation in NS junctions subjected to a DC bias, and to an AC bias,
sinusoidal or rectangular. We observe that in the limit of negligeable changes
on the superconducting gap, the NS dynamical conductance is insensitive to spin
imbalance. Therefore to probe the spin accumulation in the superconductor, one
needs to separate the injection and detection point, i. e. the electrical spin
detection must be non-local. We address also the effect of the spin
accumulation induced in the normal leads by driving a spin current and its
effects on the detection of the spin accumulation in the superconductor.
Finally, we investigate the out-of-equilibrium spin susceptibility of the SC,
and we show that it deviates drastically from it's equilibrium value
Strong Spin-Orbit Interaction and Helical Hole States in Ge/Si Nanowires
We study theoretically the low-energy hole states of Ge/Si core/shell
nanowires. The low-energy valence band is quasidegenerate, formed by two
doublets of different orbital angular momenta, and can be controlled via the
relative shell thickness and via external fields. We find that direct (dipolar)
coupling to a moderate electric field leads to an unusually large spin-orbit
interaction of Rashba type on the order of meV which gives rise to pronounced
helical states enabling electrical spin control. The system allows for quantum
dots and spin qubits with energy levels that can vary from nearly zero to
several meV, depending on the relative shell thickness.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figure
Histological changes in the vulva and vagina from ovariectomised rats undergoing oestrogen treatment
Background: The purpose of this study was to assess the histological changes occurring in the vagina and vulva in ovariectomised female rats, as well as the response to the administration of injectable oestrogens.
Material and methods: We used 30 female Wistar white rats, distributed as follows: group 1 — the control group, group 2 — the operated but untreated rats, and groups 3, 4 and 5 — operated rats, to which oestrogenic treatment was administered (Estradiol, Estradurin, Sintofolin) at a dosage of 0.2 mg/rat/day. After 14 days of treatment, all animals were sacrificed and vaginal and vulvar biopsies were taken from all groups.
Results: In group 2, we encountered structural changes of the vaginal mucosa, with severe atrophy and alterations in the thickness of the vagina and vulva. In groups 3, 4 and 5 we found marked hyperplasia of the vaginal and vulvar epithelium, eosinophilic and mast cell infiltration in the chorion.
Conclusions: Our study proves that the histopathological changes during anoestrus after administration of oestrogens are cell hyperplasia, thickening of the superficial mucosal layer, eosinophilic and mast cells infiltrations, and chorionic congestion. Furthermore, we demonstrated that Estradiol therapy induces the most evident histological changes when compared to synthetic oestrogens such as Estradurin or Sintofolin.
Circuit Quantum Electrodynamics with a Spin Qubit
Circuit quantum electrodynamics allows spatially separated superconducting
qubits to interact via a "quantum bus", enabling two-qubit entanglement and the
implementation of simple quantum algorithms. We combine the circuit quantum
electrodynamics architecture with spin qubits by coupling an InAs nanowire
double quantum dot to a superconducting cavity. We drive single spin rotations
using electric dipole spin resonance and demonstrate that photons trapped in
the cavity are sensitive to single spin dynamics. The hybrid quantum system
allows measurements of the spin lifetime and the observation of coherent spin
rotations. Our results demonstrate that a spin-cavity coupling strength of 1
MHz is feasible.Comment: Related papers at http://pettagroup.princeton.edu
Spin dynamics of molecular nanomagnets fully unraveled by four-dimensional inelastic neutron scattering
Molecular nanomagnets are among the first examples of spin systems of finite
size and have been test-beds for addressing a range of elusive but important
phenomena in quantum dynamics. In fact, for short-enough timescales the spin
wavefunctions evolve coherently according to the an appropriate cluster
spin-Hamiltonian, whose structure can be tailored at the synthetic level to
meet specific requirements. Unfortunately, to this point it has been impossible
to determine the spin dynamics directly. If the molecule is sufficiently
simple, the spin motion can be indirectly assessed by an approximate model
Hamiltonian fitted to experimental measurements of various types. Here we show
that recently-developed instrumentation yields the four-dimensional
inelastic-neutron scattering function S(Q,E) in vast portions of reciprocal
space and enables the spin dynamics to be determined with no need of any model
Hamiltonian. We exploit the Cr8 antiferromagnetic ring as a benchmark to
demonstrate the potential of this new approach. For the first time we extract a
model-free picture of the quantum dynamics of a molecular nanomagnet. This
allows us, for example, to examine how a quantum fluctuation propagates along
the ring and to directly test the degree of validity of the
N\'{e}el-vector-tunneling description of the spin dynamics
Electric polarization induced by Neel order without magnetic superlattice: experimental study of Cu3Mo2O9 and numerical study of a small spin cluster
We clarify that the antiferromagnetic order in the distorted tetrahedral
quasi-one dimensional spin system induces electric polarizations. In this
system, the effects of the low dimensionality and the magnetic frustration are
expected to appear simultaneously. We obtain the magnetic-field-temperature
phase diagram in Cu3Mo2O9 by studying the dielectric constant and the
spontaneous electric polarization. Around the tricritical point at 10 T and 8
K, the change of the direction in the electric polarization causes a colossal
magnetocapacitance. We calculate the charge redistribution in the small spin
cluster consisting of two magnetic tetrahedra to demonstrate the electric
polarization induced by the antiferromagnetism.Comment: 10 pages 6 figures, in press in J. Phys. Soc. Jp
On a functional equation involving iterates and powers
We present a complete list of all continuous solutions f : (0,+∞)→(0,+∞) of the equation f 2(x) = γ [f (x)]αxβ, where α, β and γ > 0 are given real numbers
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