Geographical Patterns of Weed Diversity in the Central Urals

The weed flora of arable lands was studied in four areas: the mountainous part of the Central Urals, the eastern macroslope of the Ural Mountains, the western piedmont of the Ural Mountains and the Transural region. These areas matched vegetation types such as middle taiga, southern taiga and northern forest-steppe. The weed flora consisted of 256 species from 41 families and 166 genera. The greatest taxonomical diversity was revealed in the eastern macroslope of the Ural Mountains (208 species); however, in the mountainous part of the Central Urals and the western piedmont of the Ural Mountains, it was as low as 141–143 species. About 40% of weeds occurred in all areas: the group of territory-specific weeds was clearly significant in the Transuralregion (14%). In the forest-steppe zone, the group of alien species approached 50%, while in the taiga zone it reached 40%. Keywords: Central Urals, weed plants, diversity, life-forms, geographical differentiation of diversit

The environmental responsibility as integrated of the future social pedagogenic person’s quality

The article is devoted to the problem of forming the ecological responsibility of students-social educators in the of a new educational paradigm’s context. The scientific-theoretical and methodological principles of the problem are highlighted there. The ways of ecological world outlook formation, future specialists of social sphere responsibility in the system of education are revealed. The authors analyzed the category of ecological responsibility as a scientific concept and subject of research. The scientific approaches to the definition of responsibility and environmental responsibility are considered, which extends the boundaries of understanding the origins and peculiarities of its formation in future social educators. The leading social, psychological and pedagogical factors contributing to the formation of ecological responsibility, ecological world outlook, ecological beliefs and ecological installations of future specialists are determined. There are presented the main topics of the content of the special course «Psychology of the responsibility of the future specialist» in the article. It is stated about implementation of the author’s comprehensive program of adaptation of the first-year students «Health-Motivation-Professional» and correctional training aimed at forming a higher level of students-social pedagogues’ environmental responsibility. The results of the empirical ecological installations research, the level of responsibility indicators and the degree of formation of environmental competence components from future specialists are presented, directions of further research on the implementation ideas of noosphere in the educational space of the University are outlined

Theoretical methodological basics for studying of transprofessionalism of a subject of socionomic professions

Topicality of the issue under study is caused by the changed socio-economic conditions and socio-technological development of the Russian economy, which resulted in a considerable transformation of the scope of professions in the postindustrial society: these professions disappear, those are transformed and still those appear for the first time ever. Along with conventional concepts of “profession” and “specialty”, today’s profession studies (or professiology) refer, in increasing frequency, to “transfession” - a new term denoting a type of labour activity which is realized on the basis of synthesis and convergence of professional competences belonging to different specialized scopes. Transprofessionalism as an ability to perform a wide range of specialized activities can be regarded as one of profession studies features. It is signification of socio-humanitarian technologies of development of this integral ability of specialists in the system of continuous education which conditioned topicality of this study. The purpose of this article is reviewing and generalization of bases and prerequisites of transprofessionalism as a socio-humanitarian requirement and an integral quality of a subject of socionomic professions in a dynamically changing socio-professional environment. Leading methods of studying this issue are theoretical methodological analysis of the subject and issue of the study on basis of examining and logical generalization of scientific sources; plus, hypothetic methodological and project methods can be considered. Description of the transprofessionalism phenomenon was performed with supporting on the multidimensional, trans-disciplinary, network and project approaches. The article presents a socio-humanitarian psychology-pedagogical definition of transprofessionalism, its sense-generating content, as well as criteria of transprofessionalism manifestation in a dynamically changing socio-professional environment. Topicality of the transprofessionalism phenomenon as a requirement to a subject in its integral quality demanding the qualitatively new substantial and technological training of socionomic profession specialists has been substantiated. In particular, it is stated that as the world’s and Russian socio-technological economy develops, profession as a concept loses its initial meaning as a scope of the social division of labour, while transprofessionals able to perform a wide range of professional activities become competitive and highly sought on an employment market. Materials of the article can be of interest for methodologists, methodology supervisors and pedagogues of continuous vocational education. © 2018 by the authors

Vocational training in sport and recreation micro-enterprises as an education project

This study appears urgent due to the need to create new jobs in the sport and recreation sector and to update the existing approach to vocational training in a micro-enterprise. This paper proposes an education project as a form of vocational training in such conditions. The authors aim to comprehend the current issues of pedagogical design for the transfer of experience within a micro-enterprise of the sport and recreation sector and to determine the conditions for effective educational interaction of micro-enterprise employees. This problem is addressed with a combination of the systematic approach and activity-based learning. This makes it possible to present the process of pedagogical design of vocational training in the conditions of a micro-enterprise as systematic activity of individuals in developing the professional competencies of a sport and recreation worker. The authors used theoretical and empirical methods. The theoretical methods were analysis of the psychological, pedagogical, sociological, scientific-methodological and specialized literature on the studied problem; the systematic approach to the definition of the problem and the formation of the research terminology; and analysis of the legal acts. The empirical methods were pedagogical observation; study and generalization of pedagogical experience; pedagogical design; questioning; conversation; interview; performance analysis; and expert evaluation method and integration of expert opinions. © 2018 Authors

Risk factors of cerebral ischemia in infants born to mothers with gestational diabetes

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is carbohydrate intolerance that occurs during pregnancy. The present study was arranged to determine the risk of cerebral ischemia (CI) in infants born to mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus and MTHFR gene polymorphism

Non-singular Brans-Dicke cosmology with cosmological constant

We consider Brans-Dicke cosmology with cosmological constant with negative w parameter and an arbitrary (in general non-vanishing) scale factor at the Big Bang. The field equations describe the flat universe, current observational values for Hubble constant H and deceleration parameter q play a role of initial conditions. In order to solve field equations we adopt the approach of Uehara and Kim (1982). They considered only positive values of w, hence our solution is a new one and has not been described in their paper. Our main result is that unlike the standard cosmology the scale factor may not vanish in it's evolution back in time. In other words our model displays a cosmological bounce and avoids the initial singularity. The formula for the scale factor, leading to the bounce, is only valid for the dust-filled universe and hence cannot be adequate for the hot stage in the early universe when the bounce happens. So, the results of this paper are only qualitative in nature and must be used to obtain initial values for the hot stage of the unverse when one considers the evolution back in time.Comment: 12 pages, 1 figur

Phylogenetic Diversity of Urban Floras in the Central Urals

Modern cities harbor a high diversity of plants, and urban floras are significantly different from non-urban floras especially when considering the proportion of alien species found in cities. However, it is not clear whether urban areas disproportionately select for species from relatively few evolutionary lineages or provide opportunities for species across the full spectrum of plant lineages. Here, we examined the taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity of the floras in four cities (Yekaterinburg, Kamensk-Uralsky, Krasnoufimsk, and Turinsk) in the understudied region of Central Urals (Russian Federation). We classified native species into indigenous and apophytic species, namely, those that are sensitive to anthropogenic disturbance and those that have expanded their range with human activity, respectively. Alien species were classified into archaeophytes and neophytes according to when they were introduced (i.e., before or after than 1800). Phylogenetic diversity was quantified using Faith’s index to reflect total evolutionary history in urban areas and mean phylogenetic distance (MPD) to reflect species dissimilarity. Phylogenetic diversity of native species was higher than that for alien species, and the standardized effect size (SES) of MPD for natives was positive, reflecting their general dissimilarity from one another, while it was very negative for aliens, showing that they were phylogenetically clustered. However, among natives, apophytes were significantly clustered, while indigenous species were overdispersed. For the aliens, MPD was higher for archaeophytes compared to neophytes, though both groups were significantly clustered. These results show that urbanization leads to a non-random selection of plants. Apophytes and alien plants were composed of closely related species, reflecting similar ecological traits and are likely to be pre-adapted to the environmentally altered and highly disturbed urban environment. © Copyright © 2021 Tretyakova, Yakimov, Kondratkov, Grudanov and Cadotte.Funding for this collaboration was provided to MC by the Connaught Global Challenges Award, the Office of the Vice-President International, the School of Graduate Studies at the University of Toronto, the Office of the Vice-Principal Research at the University of Toronto Scarborough, and funding from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (#386151). This work was supported in part by the Program for Improving the Competitiveness of the Ural Federal University (the decree no. 211 of the Government of the Russian Federation, contract no. 02.A03.21.0006) and by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project no. 19-04-01084)

Macrophage and tumor cell responses to repetitive pulsed X-ray radiation

To study a response of tumor cells and macrophages to the repetitive pulsed low-dose X-ray radiation. Methods. Tumor growth and lung metastasis of mice with an injected Lewis lung carcinoma were analysed, using C57Bl6. Monocytes were isolated from a human blood, using CD14+ magnetic beads. IL6, IL1-betta, and TNF-alpha were determined by ELISA. For macrophage phenotyping, a confocal microscopy was applied. "Sinus-150" was used for the generation of pulsed X-ray radiation (the absorbed dose was below 0.1 Gy, the pulse repetition frequency was 10 pulse/sec). The irradiation of mice by 0.1 Gy pulsed X-rays significantly inhibited the growth of primary tumor and reduced the number of metastatic colonies in the lung. Furthermore, the changes in macrophage phenotype and cytokine secretion were observed after repetitive pulsed X-ray radiation. Conclusion. Macrophages and tumor cells had a different response to a low-dose pulsed X-ray radiation. An activation of the immune system through changes of a macrophage phenotype can result in a significant antitumor effect of the low-dose repetitive pulsed X-ray radiation

Sub-barrier capture with quantum diffusion approach: actinide-based reactions

With the quantum diffusion approach the behavior of capture cross sections and mean-square angular momenta of captured systems are revealed in the reactions with deformed nuclei at subbarrier energies. The calculated results are in a good agreement with existing experimental data. With decreasing bombarding energy under the barrier the external turning point of the nucleusnucleus potential leaves the region of short-range nuclear interaction and action of friction. Because of this change of the regime of interaction, an unexpected enhancement of the capture cross section is expected at bombarding energies far below the Coulomb barrier. This effect is shown its worth in the dependence of mean-square angular momentum of captured system on the bombarding energy. From the comparison of calculated and experimental capture cross sections, the importance of quasifission near the entrance channel is shown for the actinide-based reactions leading to superheavy nuclei.Comment: 11 pages, 16 figures, Regular Articl