26 research outputs found

    Logement et déterminants du bien-être objectif des ménages locataires de Bamako

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    This research is part of work on the link between housing and objective well-being, combining the characteristics of the utilitarian approach with those of the capabilist approach while highlighting the spatial dimension. It proposes to develop and test a method which makes it possible 1) to identify the potentially constitutive elements of objective well-being in housing and 2) to determine, based on the declared preferences of households, the most suitable housing or the less pleasant for them. Empirical analyzes have revealed to us that the type and size of the household as well as the area of ​​residence appear to be the primary constituent elements of household well-being in housing and that it is in certain peri-urban municipalities in urban centers that their well-being -being in housing would be the highest and at the lowest cost. Thus, the rent paid for accommodation varies depending on the size of the accommodation which also depends on the size of the household and its place of residence. The high cost of rent is a handicap to the objective well-being of the household because it is a burden on its income. However, when the household is well housed, it is spared from several respiratory, skin and infectious diseases. This can allow the household to save on its income in order to ensure the education and good health of its family, the basis of the well-being and development of a nation. Any government policy in the search for development must ensure the well-being of the population and therefore of households. Indeed, the consumption of housing by the household is a key factor in achieving its objective well-being.   Keywords: housing, determinants, objective well-being, tenant households, Bamako Classification JEL: I31 J12 Paper type: Empirical ResearchCette recherche s’inscrit dans les travaux sur le lien entre le logement et le bien-ĂŞtre objectif, alliant les caractĂ©ristiques de l’approche utilitariste Ă  celles de l’approche capabiliste tout en mettant Ă  l’honneur la dimension spatiale. Il se propose d’élaborer et de tester une mĂ©thode qui permet 1) d’identifier les Ă©lĂ©ments potentiellement constitutifs du bien-ĂŞtre objectif dans un logement et 2) de dĂ©terminer Ă  partir des prĂ©fĂ©rences dĂ©clarĂ©es des mĂ©nages, les logements les plus amènes ou les moins amènes pour eux. Les analyses empiriques nous ont rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© que le type et la taille du mĂ©nage ainsi que le milieu de rĂ©sidence apparaissent comme les premiers Ă©lĂ©ments constitutifs du bien-ĂŞtre en logement des mĂ©nages et que c’est dans certaines communes pĂ©riurbaines des pĂ´les urbains, que leur bien-ĂŞtre en logement serait le plus Ă©levĂ© et Ă  moindre coĂ»t. Ainsi, le loyer payĂ© pour un logement varie en fonction de la taille du logement qui dĂ©pend Ă©galement de la taille du mĂ©nage et de son lieu de rĂ©sidence. Le coĂ»t Ă©levĂ© du loyer est un handicape au bien-ĂŞtre objectif du mĂ©nage, car c’est un poids sur son revenu. Cependant, lorsque le mĂ©nage est bien logĂ©, il est Ă©pargnĂ© de plusieurs maladies respiratoires, cutanĂ©es et infectieuses. Ceci peut permettre au mĂ©nage de faire des Ă©conomies sur son revenu afin d’assurer l’éducation et la bonne santĂ© de sa famille, socle du bien-ĂŞtre et du dĂ©veloppement d’une nation. Toute politique gouvernementale, dans la recherche du dĂ©veloppement, doivent assurer le bien-ĂŞtre de la population, donc des mĂ©nages. En effet, la consommation de logement par le mĂ©nage est un facteur clĂ© d’atteinte de son bien-ĂŞtre objectif.     Mots clĂ©s : logement, dĂ©terminants, bien-ĂŞtre objectif, mĂ©nages locataires, Bamako JEL Classification : I31 J12 Type du papier : Recherche empiriqu

    Visite technique des experts du Centre Regional Aghrymet/Projet ECOAGRIS au Centre Commun de Recherche de la Commission Europeenne a Ispra/Italie

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    D’une part, cette visite technique s’inscrit dans le cadre de la collaboration entre le Centre AGRHYMET et le Centre Commun de Recherche (CCR) de la Commission Européenne. D’autre part, cette visite permet aux chercheurs du JRC-D5 engagés dans le suivi-technique et scientifique du projet ECOAGRIS de faire le suivi. En effet, les experts du CCR/Ispra appuient les activités du Centre AGHRYMET et spécialement le développement de l’outil Cadre Harmonisé (CH) et l’analyse régionale de la sécurité alimentaire et nutritionnelle en Afrique de l’Ouest et au Sahel. En outre, le CCR a signé avec la DG DEVCO un Arrangement Administratif (AA) dans le cadre du projet « Technical and scientific Support to agriculture and Food and Nutrition Security (TS4FNS »). Dans le cadre de cet instrument, le CCR est un partenaire technique dans l’implémentation du projet ECOAGRIS. C’est dans le but de faire le suivi technique et scientifique du projet ECOAGRIS et d’assurer une formation aux outils développés par le CCR que cette formation a été organisée. Une revue de l’état d’avancement du projet a été présentée. Des outils varies développés par le CCR-D5 et D6 ont été partages avec les experts du projet ECOAGRIS. Plus spécifiquement, des modules sur le produit ASAP, CST, e-Station et l’analyse des séries chronologiques ont été présentés. En plus d’une formation théorique sur l’analyse des séries chronologiques, une formation pratique sur l’analyse économétrique des séries chronologiques/time series a été organisée avec le logiciel STATA. Cette formation a été couronnée de succès étant donne que la région de l’Afrique de l’Ouest possède des données sous forme de séries chronologiques (prix, données climatologiques, nutrition, production, etc.…). Cette formation a une plus-value pour des modèles de prévision.JRC.D.5-Food Securit

    Different Plasmodium falciparum clearance times in two Malian villages following artesunate monotherapy.

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    BACKGROUND: Artemisinin resistance described as increased parasite clearance time (PCT) is rare in Africa. More sensitive methods such as qPCR might better characterize the clearance phenotype in sub-Saharan Africa. METHODS: PCT is explored in Mali using light microscopy and qPCR after artesunate for uncomplicated malaria. In two villages, patients were followed for 28 days. Blood smears and spots were collected respectively for microscopy and qPCR. Parasitemia slope half-life was calculated after microscopy. Patient residual parasitemia were measured by qPCR. RESULTS: Uncorrected adequate clinical and parasitological responses (ACPR) observed in Faladje and Bougoula-Hameau were 78% and 92%, respectively (p=0.01). This reached 100% for both after molecular correction. Proportions of 24H microscopy positive patients in Faladje and Bougoula-Hameau were 97.2% and 72%, respectively (p<0.0001). Slope half-life was 2.8h in Faladje vs 2H in Bougoula-Hameau (p<0.001) and Proportions of 72H patients with residual parasitemia were 68.5% and 40% in Faladje and Bougoula-Hameau, respectively (p=0.003). The mean residual parasitemia was 2.9 in Faladje vs. 0.008 in Bougoula-Hameau (p=0.002). Although artesunate is efficacious in Mali, the longer parasite clearance time with submicroscopic parasitemia observed may represent early signs of developing P. falciparum resistance to artemisinins

    Persistent Submicroscopic Plasmodium falciparum Parasitemia 72 Hours after Treatment with Artemether-Lumefantrine Predicts 42-Day Treatment Failure in Mali and Burkina Faso.

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    A recent randomized controlled trial, the WANECAM (West African Network for Clinical Trials of Antimalarial Drugs) trial, conducted at seven centers in West Africa, found that artemether-lumefantrine, artesunate-amodiaquine, pyronaridine-artesunate, and dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine all displayed good efficacy. However, artemether-lumefantrine was associated with a shorter interval between clinical episodes than the other regimens. In a further comparison of these therapies, we identified cases of persisting submicroscopic parasitemia by quantitative PCR (qPCR) at 72 h posttreatment among WANECAM participants from 5 sites in Mali and Burkina Faso, and we compared treatment outcomes for this group to those with complete parasite clearance by 72 h. Among 552 evaluable patients, 17.7% had qPCR-detectable parasitemia at 72 h during their first treatment episode. This proportion varied among sites, reflecting differences in malaria transmission intensity, but did not differ among pooled drug treatment groups. However, patients who received artemether-lumefantrine and were qPCR positive at 72 h were significantly more likely to have microscopically detectable recurrent Plasmodium falciparum parasitemia by day 42 than those receiving other regimens and experienced, on average, a shorter interval before the next clinical episode. Haplotypes of pfcrt and pfmdr1 were also evaluated in persisting parasites. These data identify a possible threat to the parasitological efficacy of artemether-lumefantrine in West Africa, over a decade since it was first introduced on a large scale

    Data Management in Multicountry Consortium Studies: The Enterics For Global Health (EFGH) Shigella Surveillance Study Example

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    Background: Rigorous data management systems and planning are essential to successful research projects, especially for large, multicountry consortium studies involving partnerships across multiple institutions. Here we describe the development and implementation of data management systems and procedures for the Enterics For Global Health (EFGH) Shigella surveillance study—a 7-country diarrhea surveillance study that will conduct facility-based surveillance concurrent with population-based enumeration and a health care utilization survey to estimate the incidence of Shigella­-associated diarrhea in children 6 to 35 months old. Methods: The goals of EFGH data management are to utilize the knowledge and experience of consortium members to collect high-quality data and ensure equity in access and decision-making. During the planning phase before study initiation, a working group of representatives from each EFGH country site, the coordination team, and other partners met regularly to develop the data management systems for the study. Results: This resulted in the Data Management Plan, which included selecting REDCap and SurveyCTO as the primary database systems. Consequently, we laid out procedures for data processing and storage, study monitoring and reporting, data quality control and assurance activities, and data access. The data management system and associated real-time visualizations allow for rapid data cleaning activities and progress monitoring and will enable quicker time to analysis. Conclusions: Experiences from this study will contribute toward enriching the sparse landscape of data management methods publications and serve as a case study for future studies seeking to collect and manage data consistently and rigorously while maintaining equitable access to and control of data

    Population Enumeration and Household Utilization Survey Methods in the Enterics for Global Health (EFGH): Shigella Surveillance Study

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    Background: Accurate estimation of diarrhea incidence from facility-based surveillance requires estimating the population at risk and accounting for case patients who do not seek care. The Enterics for Global Health (EFGH) Shigella surveillance study will characterize population denominators and healthcare-seeking behavior proportions to calculate incidence rates of Shigella diarrhea in children aged 6–35 months across 7 sites in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. Methods: The Enterics for Global Health (EFGH) Shigella surveillance study will use a hybrid surveillance design, supplementing facility-based surveillance with population-based surveys to estimate population size and the proportion of children with diarrhea brought for care at EFGH health facilities. Continuous data collection over a 24 month period captures seasonality and ensures representative sampling of the population at risk during the period of facility-based enrollments. Study catchment areas are broken into randomized clusters, each sized to be feasibly enumerated by individual field teams. Conclusions: The methods presented herein aim to minimize the challenges associated with hybrid surveillance, such as poor parity between survey area coverage and facility coverage, population fluctuations, seasonal variability, and adjustments to care-seeking behavior

    Conflict in the north of Mali : media coverage by the french weeklies, fronm 1990 to 2010

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    Depuis son accession à l’indépendance en 1960, le Mali dans sa partie septentrionale (les trois régions administratives : Tombouctou, Gao et Kidal) est confronté à une incessante insécurité à travers cet immense Sahara. La communauté touarègue très attachée à sa culture nomade a longtemps caressé le rêve de constituer un Etat indépendant dans la zone frontalière entre le Mali, le Niger et l’Algérie. L’Etat malien s’est toujours opposé à cette revendication irrédentiste qui tranche avec l’unité nationale et l’intégrité de son territoire. De 1990 à 2010 le processus de la mise en oeuvre des accords de paix est émaillé par des agissements des rebelles. Ce phénomène sécuritaire vu de l’étranger est présenté en l’occurrence par des hebdomadaires français de façon partielle et partiale. Ce traitement médiatique pour la plupart du temps fait fi des réalités quotidiennes, des actions de pacification et de développement au profit de la réalité événementielle des attaques et représailles entre rebelles et l’armée régulière. Le rôle des médias en pareille circonstance est capital pour diffuser toute l’information. Ainsi à travers mes recherches j’attends mettre en exergue le décalage entre le traitement médiatique fait par les hebdomadaires français de 1990 à 2010 sur le conflit au nord du Mali et la réalité sur le terrain.Since independence, in 1960, Mali, in its Northern part, (the three administrative regions: Timbuktu, Gao and Kidal), has faced on going insecurity, across the vast Sahara desert. The Tuareg community, deeply rooted in their nomadic culture, have long dreamt of forming an independent state in the border area between Mali, Niger and Algeria. The Malian state has always opposed their irredentist claim, which counters national unityand territorial integrity. From 1990 to 2010, the process to implement peace agreements was punctuated by actions of rebels. From abroad, the French weeklies provide incomplete and biased information about this security phenomenon. Most of the time,this media coverage ignores daily realities, peace and development actions, and favourssecurity developments, attacks and reprisals between rebels and regular army. In such circumstances, it is of utmost importance for the medias to give all available information. Through my research, I thus intend to high light the gap between the coverage by the French weeklies of the conflict in the North of Mali and the ground realities, from 1990 and 2010

    Toponymie et histoire dans l’Ouest du Burkina Faso

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    Dans l’Ouest du Burkina Faso, au moins une vingtaine d’ethnies s’interpénètrent à tel point que certaines localités présentent deux ou trois groupes de populations appartenant à des ethnies différentes. Aujourd’hui, avec l’arrivée de nouveaux immigrants, attirés par la culture du coton et un climat moins rude que chez eux, ce chevauchement atteint jusqu’à dix ethnies différentes dans les gros villages des zones cotonnières. Pourtant, cet arc-en-ciel ethnique contraste avec une certaine homogénéité « julaïsante » de la toponymie. L'auteur tente d'expliquer cette toponymie à la lumière de l’histoire et de montrer les enjeux qu’elle présente aujourd’hui..In Western Burkina-Faso, some twenty ethnic groups intertwine in such a way that in some villages two or three ethnic groups can be found together. Nowadays, with the arrival of new migrants in cotton growing areas, more than ten different ethnic groups can be found in big villages. However, in spite of this ethnic rainbow, toponomy demonstrates a strong jula influence. The author tries to explain this toponymy through  historical factors
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