Restoration of the St. Clement’s Ohrid Archbishopric- Patriarchate as the Macedonian Orthodox Church and Ohrid Archbishopric

This is a brief narration of the creation of St. Clement\u27s Ohrid Archbishopric-Patriarchate as the Macedonian Orthodox Church-Ohrid Archbishopric from ancient times to recent times. The author first returns to the founding of the first three Macedonian and, generally, European Christian churches in Philippi, Thessalonica, and Berea by the Apostle Paul and his associates around the middle of the first century, AD. Then, he proceeds to the creation of the autocephalous Archbishopric Justiniana Prima (534-545) by the Byzantine Emperor Justinian I in Skopje or in its surroundings. The work of the Holy Apostle Paul and Emperor Justinian I was continued by the Slavic brothers, Sts. Cyril and Methodius of Thessalonica and their closest disciples and associates, Sts. Clement and Naum of Ohrid. As a result of their church-educational and social work, when numerous churches and monasteries were built in Macedonia and autochthonous monasticism was founded, Emperor Samuil (967-1014) created the so-called Prespa Metropolitanate or Archbishopric. Its autonomy was confirmed by Pope Gregory V. The emperor elevated the Archbishopric to the level of a patriarchate. When Samuil transferred the capital from Prespa to Ohrid, it was known as the Ohrid Patriarchate. After the collapse of Samuil\u27s state (1018), the Byzantine emperor Basil I lowered the Church to a level of archbishopric. The Ohrid Archbishopric persisted for about eight centuries until 1767, when the Turks abolished it in a non-canonical manner, and transferred its dioceses to the jurisdiction of the Greek Patriarchate of Constantinople. Then began the numerous attempts of the Macedonian people to restore its former St. Clement’s Ohrid Archbishopric as the Macedonian Orthodox Church. This happened in 1958, while the restoration of its autocephaly took place in 1967

Reverse Line Graph Construction: The Matrix Relabeling Algorithm MARINLINGA Versus Roussopoulos's Algorithm

We propose a new algorithm MARINLINGA for reverse line graph computation, i.e., constructing the original graph from a given line graph. Based on the completely new and simpler principle of link relabeling and endnode recognition, MARINLINGA does not rely on Whitney's theorem while all previous algorithms do. MARINLINGA has a worst case complexity of O(N^2), where N denotes the number of nodes of the line graph. We demonstrate that MARINLINGA is more time-efficient compared to Roussopoulos's algorithm, which is well-known for its efficiency.Comment: 30 pages, 24 figure

Agressive behavior in children aged 3-6 years toward educater

Agresivno ponašanje djece predškolske dobi nad odraslima (posebice nad odgojiteljicama) nije često istraživana tema. Naime, agresija je bilo koje ponašanje koje nekoj drugoj osobi nanosi povredu ili uništava imovinu. Drugim riječima, agresivno ponašanje usmjereno je prema drugoj osobi s ciljem nanošenja fizičke ili psihičke štete za što se još uvijek vjeruje da djeca u dobi od tri do šest godina nisu sposobna. Agresivno ponašanje nad odgojiteljima, osobama koje sudjeluju u odgojnom procesu djece, povećava doživljaj stresa na radnome mjestu što se može odraziti na kvalitetu njihova rada s djecom, zdravstveni status, kao i češće izbivanje s posla. Ciljevi ovog istraživanja bili su utvrditi učestalost agresivnog ponašanja predškolske djece nad odgojiteljicama u protekle dvije godine te rezultate istraživanja usporediti s rezultatima istraživanja Nasilje nad stručnim djelatnicima u vrtiću provedenog u Republici Hrvatskoj (Sindik i Zrnić, 2015). U istraživanju su sudjelovale odgojiteljice iz šest dječjih vrtića na području grada Osijeka. Rezultati ankete agresivnog ponašanja djece vrtićke dobi podijeljeni su na direktna i indirektna agresivna ponašanja.Aggressive behavior of preschool children toward adults (especially toward preschool educators) isn't often explored topic. Specifically, aggression is any kind of behaviour that causes someone else to injured or destroys property. In other words, agressive behaviour is directed towards another person with the aim of causing physical or psyhological harm which is still believed that children between three and six years are incapable of doing so. Aggressive behaviour toward preschool educators increases stress experience at the workplace, which can be reflected in the quality of their work with children, health and more frequent job breaks. The aim od this research was to determine the frequency of aggressive behavior of preschool children toward preschool educators in the past two years and compare the results of this reasearch with the results of the research Violence of the children against the professionals in kindergarden throughout the Republic of Croatia (Sindik i Zrnić, 2015). In the research were involved preschool educators from six kindergartens in the Osijek. The results of the aggressive behavior kindergarten children are divided into direct and indirect aggressive behaviour

An Automated and Comprehensive Framework for IoT Botnet Detection and Analysis (IoT-BDA)

The proliferation of insecure Internet-connected devices gave rise to the IoT botnets which can grow very large rapidly and may perform high-impact cyber-attacks. The related studies for tackling IoT botnets are concerned with either capturing or analyzing IoT botnet samples, using honeypots and sandboxes, respectively. The lack of integration between the two implies that the samples captured by the honeypots must be manually submitted for analysis in sandboxes, introducing a delay during which a botnet may change its operation. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the proposed sandboxes is limited by the potential use of anti-analysis techniques and the inability to identify features for effective detection and identification of IoT botnets. In this paper, we propose and evaluate a novel framework, the IoT-BDA framework, for automated capturing, analysis, identification, and reporting of IoT botnets. The framework consists of honeypots integrated with a novel sandbox that supports a wider range of hardware and software configurations, and can identify indicators of compromise and attack, along with anti-analysis, persistence, and anti-forensics techniques. These features can make botnet detection and analysis, and infection remedy more effective. The framework reports the findings to a blacklist and abuse service to facilitate botnet suspension. The paper also describes the discovered anti-honeypot techniques and the measures applied to reduce the risk of honeypot detection. Over the period of seven months, the framework captured, analyzed, and reported 4077 unique IoT botnet samples. The analysis results show that some IoT botnets used anti-analysis, persistence, and anti-forensics techniques typically seen in traditional botnets

Fiedler’s Clustering on m-dimensional Lattice Graphs

We consider the partitioning of m-dimensional lattice graphs using Fiedler’s approach [1], that requires the determination of the eigenvector belonging to the second smallest eigenvalue of the Laplacian. We examine the general m-dimensional lattice and, in particular, the special cases: the 1-dimensional path graph $P_N$ and the 2-dimensional lattice graph. We determine the size of the clusters and the number of links, which are cut by this partitioning as a function of Fiedler’s threshold α.Peer Reviewe

Decentralized Protection Strategies against SIS Epidemics in Networks

Defining an optimal protection strategy against viruses, spam propagation or any other kind of contamination process is an important feature for designing new networks and architectures. In this work, we consider decentralized optimal protection strategies when a virus is propagating over a network through a SIS epidemic process. We assume that each node in the network can fully protect itself from infection at a constant cost, or the node can use recovery software, once it is infected. We model our system using a game theoretic framework and find pure, mixed equilibria, and the Price of Anarchy (PoA) in several network topologies. Further, we propose both a decentralized algorithm and an iterative procedure to compute a pure equilibrium in the general case of a multiple communities network. Finally, we evaluate the algorithms and give numerical illustrations of all our results.Comment: accepted for publication in IEEE Transactions on Control of Network System

Attributions of success associsted with the level of independence of children aged 5 to 7 years

Atribucije su uobičajna, svakodnevna objašnjenja uzroka ponašanja (Berk, 2015) koje osoba koristi kako bi objasnila zbog čega je došlo do takvoga ishoda aktivnosti (Hajnić, 2002). Prilikom odgoja djeteta treba podržati djetetove razvojne težnje te kroz samostalnost omogućiti djetetu razvijanje u samostalnu osobu spremnu misliti i djelovati prema svojim odlukama (Bašić, 2011). U ovom istraživanju ispitivala se povezanost atribucija uspjeha i razine samostalnosti djece te razine samostalnosti djece u dobi od pet do sedam godina s anksioznosti i depresivnosti. Atribucije uspjeha procijenjene su na način da su djeca rješavala dva rješiva i dva nerješiva zadatka u kojima su morali pronaći odgovarajući broj skrivenih predmeta sa slike te su nakon toga trebala odgovoriti na pitanja o atribucijama. Razina samostalnosti djece procjenjivala se listom o samostalnosti za roditelje ispitane djece, a anksioznost i depresivnost procjenjivale su se skalom anksiozno – depresivnih simptoma. Roditelji su procjenjivali anksioznost i depresivnosti djece. Najčešće korištena atribucija uspjeha u zadacima u ovome istraživanju bila je atribucija lakoće zadatka. Nadalje, utvrđeno je kako većina djece pogrešno procjenjuje svoj uspjeh na zadacima. Dobivena je negativna korelacija između anksioznosti i depresivnosti te samostalnosti.Attributions are common explanations for behavior causes (Berk, 2015) which person uses to explain an outcome of an activity (Hajnić, 2002). It is necessary to support the child's developmental aspirations and to enable child to develop into an independent person ready to think and act according to his or her decisions (Bašić, 2011). This study examined the association between the attributions of success, the level of independence and anxiety and depression children aged five to seven years. Attributions of success were assessed by children solving two solvable and two unsolvable tasks in which they had to find the number of hidden objects and after tasks children had to answer questions about attributions. The level of independence of children was evaluated by the list of independence for parents of exam children, anxiety and depression were assessed by the scale of anxiety – depressive symptoms. Parents evaluated the anxiety and depression of the children. The most commonly used attributions of success in this research was attribution of task ease. Furthemore, it was found that most children misjudged their success on tasks. A negative association was found between anxiety and depression and independence

Gender Basis of Discrimination of Women in Job Promotions - the Problem of Glass Ceiling

Jedna od mnogobrojnih karakteristika (post)modernizacijskih procesa su emancipacijski procesi i pokreti koji su rezultirali sve jačim ulaskom žena na svjetsko tržište. Žene su svojim radom znatno doprinijele razvoju globalne ekonomije, ali veliki broj njih i dalje se suočava s određenim poteškoćama i preprekama na svom radnom mjestu. Uzmemo li u obzir činjenicu da su žene počele zarađivati vlastitu plaću tek u prošlom stoljeću, potpuno je očekivana bojazan da nas očekuje još mnogo borbe do postizanja potpune jednakosti prema kojoj se teži. Dobivanjem prava na edukaciju i rad, ženska borba za jednakost svakako nije završila. Udio žena na tržištu rada kontinuirano se povećava, ali „orodnjeni“ rad tj. tradicionalna podjela poslova na „muške“ i „ženske“ još uvijek postoji. Unatoč njihovom formalnom obrazovanju, sposobnostima, znanju i kompetencijama, žene u prosjeku zarađuju manje od muškaraca istog stupnja obrazovanja, napreduju sporije i rjeđe od svojih muških kolega, češće obavljaju slabije plaćene poslove, a rukovodeća, odgovornija i bolje plaćena mjesta u većini su slučajeva (unaprijed) dodijeljena njihovim muškim kolegama. Iako Hrvatska zakonskim regulativama prati međunarodni standard i europsko pravo, a prava žena formalno su zajamčena Zakonom o ravnopravnosti spolova i Zakonom o suzbijanju diskriminacije, i dalje smo svjedoci spolne diskriminacije. Žene u Republici Hrvatskoj predstavljaju većinu visoko obrazovanog stanovništva (59,9%), no svojim rezultatima moraju nadmašiti muškarce kako bi uopće bile primijećene i kako bi se izborile za istu plaću na identičnoj poziciji.1 Iako se u današnje vrijeme mnoge poslovne organizacije kunu u jednakost njihovih zaposlenica i zaposlenika, u jednaki iznos njihovih plaća i prava – istraživanja pokazuju sasvim drugačiju realnos

Analiza mogućnosti i razvoja turizma grada Karlovca

U ovom radu govorit će se o analizi mogućnosti razvoja turizma u gradu Karlovcu. Karlovac, diljem Hrvatske poznat i kao grad na četiri rijeke, posjeduje mnoge prirodne i kulturne resurse na kojima se može temeljiti razvoj turizma samog grada, ali i cijele županije.S druge strane, nije samo postojanje određenih resursa siguran preduvjet za razvoj turizma jer njegov razvoj i napredak ovisi i o mnogim drugim čimbenicima. Turizam, kao grana djelatnosti, može uspješno puniti gradske i općinske blagajne, ali i mnogim stanovnicima Karlovca i okolice pružiti mogućnost sezonskog ili stalnog zaposlenja. Iako se, na sam spomen riječi turizam,u Hrvatskoj prvenstveno misli na ljetnu turističku sezonu diljem hrvatske obale, ovaj će rad ukazati na to da je turizam u Hrvatskoj djelatnost koja igra sve veću ulogu i u mnogim područjima kontinentalne Hrvatske pa tako i u Karlovcu.In this paper we will talk about the analysis of the possibilities of tourism development in the town of Karlovac . Karlovac , across the Croatia known as the city of four rivers , has many natural and cultural resources on which to base the development of tourism of the city itself , but also the entire county. In other hand , not only the existence of certain resources secure a prerequisite for the development of tourism since its development and progress depends on many other factors. Tourism , as a certain part of some industries , can successfully recharge urban and municipal box offices, but also many residents of Karlovac and its surroundings provide an opportunity for seasonal or permanent employment . Although , at the first thought of the word tourism in Croatia, primarily related to the summer tourist season over the Croatian coast , this paper will point out that the tourism industry in Croatia plays an increasing role in many areas of the continental Croatian as well as in Karlovac