Retrospective evaluation of whole exome and genome mutation calls in 746 cancer samples

Funder: NCI U24CA211006Abstract: The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) curated consensus somatic mutation calls using whole exome sequencing (WES) and whole genome sequencing (WGS), respectively. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium, which aggregated whole genome sequencing data from 2,658 cancers across 38 tumour types, we compare WES and WGS side-by-side from 746 TCGA samples, finding that ~80% of mutations overlap in covered exonic regions. We estimate that low variant allele fraction (VAF < 15%) and clonal heterogeneity contribute up to 68% of private WGS mutations and 71% of private WES mutations. We observe that ~30% of private WGS mutations trace to mutations identified by a single variant caller in WES consensus efforts. WGS captures both ~50% more variation in exonic regions and un-observed mutations in loci with variable GC-content. Together, our analysis highlights technological divergences between two reproducible somatic variant detection efforts

Multiscale Visual Comparison of Execution Traces

Understanding the execution of programs by means of program traces is a key strategy in software comprehension. An important task in this context is comparing two traces in order to find similarities and differences in terms of executed code, execution order, and execution duration. For large and complex program traces, this is a difficult task due to the cardinality of the trace data. In this paper, we propose a new visualization method based on icicle plots and edge bundles. We address visual scalability by several multiscale visualization metaphors, which help users navigating from the main differences between two traces to intermediate structural-difference levels, and, finally fine-grained function call levels. We show how our approach, implemented in a tool called TRACEDIFF, is applicable in several scenarios for trace difference comprehension on real-world trace datasets.

Multiscale Visual Comparison of Execution Traces

Understanding the execution of programs by means of program traces is a key strategy in software comprehension. An important task in this context is comparing two traces in order to find similarities and differences in terms of executed code, execution order, and execution duration. For large and complex program traces, this is a difficult task due to the cardinality of the trace data. In this paper, we propose a new visualization method based on icicle plots and edge bundles. We address visual scalability by several multiscale visualization metaphors, which help users navigating from the main differences between two traces to intermediate structural-difference levels, and, finally fine-grained function call levels. We show how our approach, implemented in a tool called TRACEDIFF, is applicable in several scenarios for trace difference comprehension on real-world trace datasets

Water Management in Ancient Civilizations

Dieser Sammelband vereint Beiträge zum Wassermanagement antiker Zivilisationen. Er umfasst dabei die große Bandbreite antiker Methoden zum Wasser sammeln, zur Wasserversorgung, zur Verteilung oder zu Verteilungsproblemen. Die Beiträge reichen von den Anfängen des Wassermanagements in Mesopotamien und Ägypten, über die Hellenistischeund Römische Epoche, bis hinein in das Mittelalter und die Neuzeit. Das Faszinierende am antiken Wassermanagement sind dabei nicht nur die frühen Lösungen und Anwendungen, sondern insbesondere auch ihre Wirkung und Wichtigkeit bis in die Gegenwart und Zukunft, denn Wasser ist und bleibt die wichtigste Ressource für menschliches Wohlergehen.This volume brings together papers on Water Management in Ancient Civilizations. It envelops a great variety of ancient means to harvest, supply, distribute, and dispute water in all its forms. Contributions range in time period from the early means of water management in Mesopotamia and Egypt, to the Epochs of Hellenistic and Roman Eras, into medieval times and beyond. The fascinating momentum of ancient water management include not only the great solutions and applications that were already at hand thousands of years ago, but its implications and importance for present and future problems, since water is, was, and will continue to be the most precious resource for human wellbeing

Material and Cultural Aspects of Water Management

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