Rapid Detection of Carbapenem Resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii Using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry

Rapid detection of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strains is critical and will benefit patient care by optimizing antibiotic therapies and preventing outbreaks. Herein we describe the development and successful application of a mass spectrometry profile generated by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) that utilized the imipenem antibiotic for the detection of carbapenem resistance in a large series of A. baumannii clinical isolates from France and Algeria. A total of 106 A. baumannii strains including 63 well-characterized carbapenemase-producing and 43 non-carbapenemase-producing strains, as well as 43 control strains (7 carbapenem-resistant and 36 carbapenem-sensitive strains) were studied. After an incubation of bacteria with imipenem for up to 4 h, the mixture was centrifuged and the supernatant analyzed by MALDI-TOF MS. The presence and absence of peaks representing imipenem and its natural metabolite was analyzed. The result was interpreted as positive for carbapenemase production if the specific peak for imipenem at 300.0 m/z disappeared during the incubation time and if the peak of the natural metabolite at 254.0 m/z increased as measured by the area under the curves leading to a ratio between the peak for imipenem and its metabolite being <0.5. This assay, which was applied to the large series of A. baumannii clinical isolates, showed a sensitivity of 100.0% and a specificity of 100.0%. Our study is the first to demonstrate that this quick and simple assay can be used as a routine tool as a point-of-care method for the identification of A. baumannii carbapenemase-producers in an effort to prevent outbreaks and the spread of uncontrollable superbugs

القضايا الدلالية في كتاب "العدّة في أصول الفقه" للقاضي أبي يعلى الحنبلي

في كتاب "العدة في أصول الفقه " للقاضي أبي يعلى الحنبلي (ت 458هـ) قضايا دلالية عديدة، أسهب أبو يعلى في بعضها بالنقاش والتحليل والاستدلال، وأوجز في بعضها الآخر بذكرها عرضاً أو تلميحاً، والمراد من هذا البحث تبيان هذه القضايا واستخلاصها من ثنايا الكتاب، بمحاولة استخراجها أو افتكاكها من المسائل الأصولية، وبالرجوع إلى آراء أهل اللغة والاستفادة من أقوال أهل الأصول أيضاً، ومن أبرز تلك القضايا الدلالية: الحقيقة والمجاز وارتباطهما بالوضع والاستعمال، وقضية الأسماء الشرعية، وحروف المعاني، ودلالات الأمر والنهي، والعموم والخصوص، والإطلاق والتقييد..ال

Caractéristiques hydrochimiques des eaux de sources de Taoura, Souk-Ahras (Nord est Algérien)

L'analyse de la qualité des eaux est l'un des aspects les plus importants dans l'étude des eaux souterraines sachant que cette&nbsp; dernière est touchée par les pollutions diffuses ou généralisées qui sont dues principalement aux activités agricoles avec l'utilisation des engrais chimiques. L'étude hydrochimique nous renseigne sur la qualité des eaux destinée à la consommation, à l'agriculture et à l'industrie. Dans la zone d’étude, l’alimentation en eau potable est assurée principalement par les eaux de sources dont la qualité doit demeurer primordiale. Pour évaluer les paramètres physico-chimiques des eaux et déterminer les facies&nbsp; dominants, une série d’analyse a été effectuée sur un certain nombre de sources, les résultats des analyses ont montré la dominance du faciès Bicarbonaté Calcique sachant que les sources sont principalement dans les dépôts carbonatés du campanien et maestrichtien. En parallèle, le résultat des analyses de quelques paramètres de pollution ont montré des valeurs qui dépassent les normes de l’OMS, surtout pour les Nitrates (NO3 -) due à l’utilisation des engrais (NPK) et des pesticides vu la vocation agricole de la région. &nbsp; Englsih title: Hydrochemical characteristics of Taoura water springs, Souk-Ahras (North-east Algeria) Water quality analysis is one of the most important aspects in groundwater studies knowing that the latter is affected by diffuse or widespread pollution that is mainly due to agricultural activities with the use of chemical fertilizers. The hydrochemical study&nbsp; informs us about the quality of water that is suitable for drinking, agricultural and industrial purposes. In the study area, the water supply is provided mainly by the water springs. Therefore, their quality remains a paramount criterion. To evaluate the physico-chemical parameters and determine the dominant facies, a series of analyses was performed on a number of sources, the results of the analyses showed that the dominance of calcium bicarbonate facies knowing that the springs are mainly in the carbonate deposits of the campanian and Maastrichtian. . In parallel, the results of some pollution parameters analyses have shown values that exceed the WHO standards for Nitrates (NO3 -) due to the use of fertilizers (NPK) and pesticides given the agricultural vocation of the region

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ST80 Clone: A Systematic Review

International audienceThis review assessed the molecular characterization of the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)-ST80 clone with an emphasis on its proportion of total MRSA strains isolated, PVL production, spa-typing, antibiotic resistance, and virulence. A systematic review of the literature was conducted on MRSA-ST80 clone published between 1 January 2000 and 31 August 2019. Citations were chosen for a review of the full text if we found evidence that MRSA-ST80 clone was reported in the study. For each isolate, the country of isolation, the sampling period, the source of isolation (the type of infection, nasal swabs, or extra-human), the total number of MRSA strains isolated, number of MRSA-ST80 strains, antibiotic resistance patterns, PVL production, virulence genes, and spa type were recorded. The data from 103 articles were abstracted into an Excel database. Analysis of the data showed that the overall proportion of MRSA-ST80 has been decreasing in many countries in recent years. The majority of MRSA-ST80 were PVL positive with spa-type t044. Only six reports of MRSA-ST80 in extra-human niches were found. This review summarizes the rise of MRSA-ST80 and the evidence that suggests that it could be in decline in many countries

Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus of five essential oils from Algerian medicinal plants (Lamiaceae)

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Fecal Carriage of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase and Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacterales Strains in Patients with Colorectal Cancer in the Oncology Unit of Amizour Hospital, Algeria: A Prospective Cohort Study

International audienceThe prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-E) and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) is now disseminated worldwide. This study aims to describe the prevalence of ESBL and CPE fecal carriage in colorectal cancer patients. Methods: All patients admitted to the oncology service of Amizour hospital (Algeria) for colorectal cancer chemotherapy from March to May 2019 were screened for ESBL-E or CPE fecal carriage. After culturing on chromogenic media, the presumptive colonies were identified by mass spectroscopy. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed according to the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. The β-lactamases encoding genes and plasmid-mediated quinolone-resistant genes were screened by PCR and sequencing. Results: ESBL-E strains were recovered from rectal swabs in 6 patients (14.3%) and only 1 patient (2.4%) was found a carrier for OXA-48-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae. The most frequently encountered species among ESBL-E was Escherichia coli (n = 5), followed by K. pneumoniae (n = 1). PCR and sequencing showed that four isolates harbored the blaCTX-M-15 gene and two strains harbored the blaCTX-M-14 gene. Also, one strain of K. pneumoniae was found to harbor both qepA and qnrS genes. Conclusion: This study highlighted the fecal carriage of ESBL-E and OXA-48-producing Enterobacterales strains in colorectal cancer patients

Genomic analysis of a multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae ST11 strain recovered from Barbary deer (Cervus elaphus barbarus) in Akfadou Forest, Algeria

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Chemical Composition and Synergistic Potential of Mentha pulegium L. and Artemisia herba alba Asso. Essential Oils and Antibiotic against Multi-Drug Resistant Bacteria

International audienceThe essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation from aerial parts of Mentha pulegium L. (M. pulegium L.) and Artemisia herba alba (A. herba alba) Asso. and analyzed by gas chromatography–flame ionization detector chromatograpy (GC–FID) and gaz chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The antibacterial activities of the oils were determined by the disk diffusion method and a microdilution broth assay against six bacteria stains. The combinations of these essential oils with antibiotics were evaluated against two multi-drug-resistant bacteria strains: imipenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (IRAB S3310) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA S19). The chemical analysis of M. pulegium essential oil revealed the presence of pulegone (74.8%) and neoisomenthol (10.0%). A. herba alba essential oil was characterized by camphor (32.0%), α-thujone (13.7%), 1,8-cineole (9.8%), β-thujone (5.0%), bornéol (3.8%), camphene (3.6%), and p-cymene (2.1%). All strains tested except Pseudomonas aeruginosa were susceptible to these oils. The combinations of essential oils with antibiotics exerted synergism, antagonism, or indifferent effects. The best effect was observed with A. herba alba essential oil in association with cefoxitin (CX) against MRSA S19. However, for IRAB S3310, the strongest synergistic effect was observed with M. pulegium in association with amikacin (AK). This study demonstrated that M. pulegium and A. herba alba essential oils have antibacterial activities which could be potentiated by antibiotics especially in the case of IRAB S3310

Characterization of OXA-48-like-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolated from river water in Algeria

International audienceThe spread of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) is a significant problem for healthcare worldwide. The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) in water environments in Algeria are unknown. The aim of this study was to screen for the presence of CPE isolates in the Soummam River in Bejaia, Algeria. Isolates of Enterobacteriaceae recovered from twelve samples of river water and showing reduced susceptibility to carbapenems were included in this study. The isolates were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing and the modified Carba NP test. Carbapenemase and extendedspectrum b-lactamase (ESBL) determinants were studied by PCR amplification and sequencing. The clonal relatedness between isolates was studied by Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) method. A total of 20 carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae strains were included in this study, identified as Escherichia coli (n = 12), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 3), Raoultella ornithinolytica (n = 3), Citrobacter freundii (n = 1) and Citrobacter braakii (n = 1). Carbapenemase genes identified in this study included blaOXA-48, observed in 17 isolates (9 E. coli, 3 K. pneumoniae, 3 R. ornithinolytica, 1 C. freundii and 1 C. braakii), and blaOXA-244, a variant of blaOXA-48, was found in three E. coli isolates. MLST showed that 12 E. coli strains belonged to six different sequence types (ST559, ST38, ST212, ST3541, 1972 and ST2142), and we identified three different STs in K. pneumoniae isolates, including ST133, ST2055, and a new sequence type: ST2192. This study showed the presence of OXA-48-like-producing Enterobacteriaceae in water environments and highlighted the potential role of aquatic environments as reservoirs of clinically relevant antimicrobial-resistant bacteria, with the potential to spread throughout the community. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Molecular characterisation of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase- and plasmid AmpC-producing Escherichia coli strains isolated from broilers in Bejaia, Algeria

International audienceThis study aimed to characterise the molecular support of antibiotic resistance in expanded-spectrum cephalosporin (ESC)-resistant Escherichia coli isolates recovered from healthy broilers in Bejaia, northeast Algeria. A total of 61 intestinal swabs from slaughtered broilers from four regions in Bejaia locality, Algeria, were collected between February and April 2014, from which 20 ESC-resistant E. coli strains were isolated. Escherichia coli isolates were identified by classical biochemical and MALDI-TOF methods. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using disk diffusion and Etest methods. Screening for beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme (AME)-encoding genes and qnr determinants was performed by PCR and sequencing. Clonal relatedness was determined using molecular typing by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed that the isolates showed high rates of resistance (>90%) to amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, piperacillin/tazobactam, aztreonam, ceftazidime, streptomycin, tobramycin, nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin. Low rates of resistance were observed for kanamycin (35%), amikacin (30%), cefoxitin (20%) and cefotaxime (15%). Molecular characterisation revealed that all of the isolates expressed the bla(TEM-1) gene. Fourteen of them harboured the bla(SHV-12) gene, two harboured the bla(CTX-M-1) gene and four isolates harboured bla(CMY-2). Screening for AME-encoding genes demonstrated that all isolates contained the aadA gene. In addition, qnrA was detected as the quinolone resistance determinant in 13 isolates. MLST revealed four known sequence types (STs), including ST744, ST38, ST1011 and ST2179, as well as one new sequence type (ST5086). Here we report the first study describing the clonal diversity of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)- and plasmid AmpC-producing E. coli isolated from healthy broilers in Algeria. (C) 2016 International Society for Chemotherapy of Infection and Cancer. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved