Effect of plant-based feed ingredients on osmoregulation in the Atlantic salmon lens

Lenses of adult Atlantic salmon fed with a plant oil and plant protein-based diet (plant diet) were compared to lenses of fish fed a diet based on traditional marine ingredients (marine diet) with respect to biochemical composition and functionality ex vivo. After 12 months of feeding, plant diet-fed fish had smaller lenses with higher water contents and lower concentrations of histidine (His) and N-acetylhistidine (NAH) than fish fed with the marine diet. Cataract development in both dietary groups was minimal and no differences between the groups were observed. Lens fatty acid and lipid class composition differed minimally, although a significant increase in linoleic acid was observed. The lenses were examined for their ability to withstand osmotic disturbances ex vivo. Culture in hypoosmotic and hyperosmotic media led to increase and decrease of lens volume, respectively. Lenses from plant diet-fed fish were less resistant to swelling and shrinking, released less NAH into the culture medium, and accumulated His and NAH at higher rates than lenses from marine diet-fed fish. Culture in hypoosmotic medium resulted in higher cataract scores than in control and hyperosmotic medium. mRNA expression of selected genes, including glutathione peroxidase 4 and SPARC (secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine), was affected by diet and osmotic treatment. It can be concluded that lenses of farmed Atlantic salmon are affected by the diet composition, both in biochemical composition and physiological functionality in relation to osmoregulation

Stock assessment of Haliporoides triarthrus (Fam. Solenoceridae) off Mozambique: a preliminary analysis

The pink shrimp, Haliporoides triarthrus, is an important species in the deep-water shrimp fishery in Mozambique. Total catches are in the range of 1,500 to 2,700 tons, with the pink shrimp accounting for 70-90%. Estimates of growth parameters and of natural mortality are used for a preliminary assessment of the fishery, based on length-structured virtual population analysis and yield-per-recruit analyses. With an arbitrarily chosen terminal fishing mortality F, the results indicate a situation of overfishing, but realistic parameters must be acquired in order to diagnose the state of the stoc

A COMPARISON OF SEMANTIC FEATURE ANALYSIS AND PROMOTING APHASIC COMMUNICATIVE EFFECTIVENESS FOR TREATING ANOMIA IN PATIENTS WITH APHASIA

This study used an alternating single-subject design to compare the effects of SFA and PACE on the long-term naming accuracy of two participants with chronic Broca’s aphasia. Each participant was treated using the traditional form of SFA and PACE independently. Naming probes were taken to provide data in order to compare the two treatments. The results indicated that both procedures produced similar long-term improvements in naming the target stimuli but that both participants preferred PACE over SFA

ICES coordinated acoustic survey of ICES divisions IIIa, IVa, IVb AND Via (North) 2002 Results and long term trends

Six surveys were carried out during late June and July covering most of the continental shelf north of 54oN in the North Sea and to the west of Scotland to a northern limit of 62oN. The eastern edge of the survey area was bounded by the Norwegian and Danish, Swedish and German coasts, and to the west by the shelf edge between 200 and 400 m depth. The surveys are reported individually in the report of the planning group for herring surveys, and a combined report has been prepared from the data from all surveys. The combined survey results provide spatial distributions of herring abundance by number and biomass at age by statistical rectangle; and distributions of mean weight and fraction mature at age. The estimates of North Sea autumn spawning herring are consistent with previous years at 2.9 million tonnes and 17,200 million herring. The survey also shows two exceptional year classes of herring (the 1998 and 2000 year classes) in the North Sea, which is consistent with the observation of exceptionally large year classes observed in the MIK and IBTS surveys. The estimates of Western Baltic spring spawning herring SSB are 255,000 tonnes and 2.9 millions (Table 2) and show a large increase compared with the previous year. The Western Baltic survey produces a rather noisy signal but the indications are of a stock that is higher now than between 1996 to 2000. The West of Scotland survey estimates of 548,000 tonnes and 2,900 million and shows the high 1995 year class again this year. The 1998 year class now (3 ring) is also a large one. Total adult mortality shows much lower mortality than last year (0.1 compared to 0.5 ) but the mean mortality over the last 4 years has been 0.3: this is consistent with the 2002 assessment that the stock is lightly exploited. The overall time series of abundance by age from 1989 to 2002 are summarised by simple models describing the spatial distribution over time. The changes over time with latitude, longitude and area occupied are compared with changes in abundance

Design of Backbone for Wireless Citywide Networks like Wireless Trondheim

This master's thesis will investigate some of the technological solutions available for the construction of a backbone for a wireless citywide network (CWN), such as Wireless Trondheim, and a special attention is given to the possible advantages of using infrastructure already in place. There are several different technologies which can be used as a backbone for the wireless CWN, and in this thesis strengths and weaknesses of the various solutions will be discussed. Some requirements, such as scalability to handle increased capacity demand from future access technologies, may be more important to satisfy than others, and the discussion will see how this might rule out or favor some technology choices. In addition to demands from regular traffic to be carried in the network, also research traffic should be allowed. It is discussed how different requirements as a consequence of this research traffic will set limitations to which technology to use. While the performance of each of the technologies are relatively constant for all cases and easy to determine, the cost of using the different technologies is not. For this reason most effort is put into the analysis of this decision factor. Different possible scenarios are introduced, and the costs of using various technologies in the different scenarios are calculated. The results from the calculations are then discussed in more detail, and an important part of this discussion is sensitivity analysis. The values for several of the parameters used in the calculations will be changed, and the various analyses show how the change of one parameter will affect the result of the calculations. Based on the calculation results and the discussion of the results, some principles which can be used as guidelines in planning and deployment of a backbone for a wireless CWN will be suggested

Developer and Customer Collaboration in Agile Software Development

The contribution of this thesis is an in-field verification that Agile software development projects are prone to developer and customer collaboration problems. The focus of collaboration in Agile projects is a trending topic in literature, but there are still limited studies regarding stakeholder collaboration problems. This thesis is a research on the causes and consequences of collaboration problems between developers and customers in Agile software development projects. In addition, the thesis studies the contingency strategies that developers use to avoid collaboration problems with the customer. Empirical data was collected through interviews with the Norwegian software consultant company Bouvet, regarding their project with a governmental customer. Firstly, findings suggest that lack of time commitment and governmental issues was the core cause of collaboration problems. Secondly, the consequences of these collaboration problems were shown to be especially low-value deliveries from the developers and problems in securing feedback from the customer. Thirdly, it was found that developers used numerous strategies, including e-collaboration, to deal with collaboration problems with the customer. Overall, the customer had few signs of scepticism towards Agile, which has been indicated as a problem in previous literature. Even though Bouvet and their governmental customer show signs of close and trustworthy collaboration, the development team shows signs of deviations from key Agile principles. More studies on Agile projects, including different types of case projects and case companies, are recommended to enable more depth

AC corrosion on cathodically protected steel

This report deals with the effect of alternating current on cathodically protected steel. AC corrosion has become relevant in the offshore industry due to the introduction of the direct electric heating system (DEH). The principle with DEH is to prevent wax solidification inside pipelines by heating them up with alternating current. This can give rise to AC corrosion.DC current densities, AC current densities and DC potential have been measured for steel samples under cathodic protection with applied AC voltage. Weight loss measurements were done of both steel and sacrificial anode samples after the experiments. There have also been focused on the corrosion kinetics of AlZnIn by plotting polarization curves and potential measurements over time with applied AC current.The weight loss measurements have shown that carbon steel is protected against AC corrosion for AC current densities lower than 1300 A/m^{2}. All steel samples had corrosion rate lower than 0,1 mm/year up to this value. SEM investigation showed that no pitting corrosion occurred at any of the steel surfaces. The corrosion rate of AlZnIn increased with increasing AC current density up to 300 - 500 A/m^{2}. At higher AC current density, the sacrificial anodes became passive which resulted in decreased protection current and corrosion rate. Polarization curves of AlZnIn have also shown large resistance when AC is introduced which is probably due to surface coverings.Study of the surface morphology of AlZnIn have shown that more localized corrosion occurs with increasing AC current. At 500 A/m^{2} pitting corrosion occurred at the whole surface and the pits became deeper with increasing AC. This resulted in decreased efficiency of the sacrificial anode and consequently reduced DC current density and corrosion rate of the sacrificial anode.Potential and current measurements have shown that the galvanic potential of steel and AlZnIn became more electropositive with increasing AC current density. It is believed that this is due to more localized corrosion with increasing AC voltage and consequently lowering of the anode/cathode ratio. This will force the potential to more anodic values. The initial DC current density increased with increasing AC voltage for all samples but the passivation of sacrificial anode resulted in high reduction rate with time. Polarization curves of AlZnIn showed that the corrosion potential decreased and the corrosion current increased when AC was introduced. Within the samples exposed to AC there were no significant difference in corrosion potential and corrosion current. The polarization curves of all samples that were exposed to AC were characterized by high ohmic resistance which was due to hydrogen evolution and formation of corrosion products at the surface

Results of the workshop on comparative age reading on sprat from ICES Div. IIIa

The paper presents results from comparative age reading on sprat otoliths from various areas within Div. IlIa. Readers from fishery laboratories in Denmark, Norway and Sweden participated in the workshop. The reproducibility of the readings between the laboratories was tested by coefficient of variation and index of precision. The results are presented by length groups and the ageing in each of the subareas Skagerrak and Kattegat. Low consistency in the ICES IBTS 1- and 2-group sprat, as demonstrated by the ICES Herring Assessment Working Group, may be explained by great variation in age determination

Design of Backbone for Wireless Citywide Networks like Wireless Trondheim

This master's thesis will investigate some of the technological solutions available for the construction of a backbone for a wireless citywide network (CWN), such as Wireless Trondheim, and a special attention is given to the possible advantages of using infrastructure already in place. There are several different technologies which can be used as a backbone for the wireless CWN, and in this thesis strengths and weaknesses of the various solutions will be discussed. Some requirements, such as scalability to handle increased capacity demand from future access technologies, may be more important to satisfy than others, and the discussion will see how this might rule out or favor some technology choices. In addition to demands from regular traffic to be carried in the network, also research traffic should be allowed. It is discussed how different requirements as a consequence of this research traffic will set limitations to which technology to use. While the performance of each of the technologies are relatively constant for all cases and easy to determine, the cost of using the different technologies is not. For this reason most effort is put into the analysis of this decision factor. Different possible scenarios are introduced, and the costs of using various technologies in the different scenarios are calculated. The results from the calculations are then discussed in more detail, and an important part of this discussion is sensitivity analysis. The values for several of the parameters used in the calculations will be changed, and the various analyses show how the change of one parameter will affect the result of the calculations. Based on the calculation results and the discussion of the results, some principles which can be used as guidelines in planning and deployment of a backbone for a wireless CWN will be suggested

Creative Tools in Reconciliation after Terrorism. A case study of the presence and impact of creative tools in reconciliation after the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 and July 22, 2011.

The objective of this thesis is to answer the following research question: How can creative tools be utilized to facilitate processes of societal reconciliation after terrorism? Creative tools are understood as metaphors, stories and rituals, functioning as potential instruments in conflict resolution and reconciliation. Concepts and understandings connected to terrorism and reconciliation as phenomena are investigated, in order to discuss societal efforts of reconciliation after terrorism. The thesis looks to reconciliation as healing and restoration of the ruptured society, specifically focusing on the damage and ruptures caused by terrorist attacks on the symbolic dimensions within a society. It is argued that such an objective requires a different set of tools and concepts than those utilized in handling the material dimensions of the destruction