Do self-employment rates converge? Evidence from European OECD countries

This article uses panel data methods for stationary and non‐stationary data to examine whether self‐employment rates converge for 21 OECD European countries from 1990 to 2011 (the period covered by the COMPENDIA database). This article shows that there is a process of conditional convergence of self‐employment rates particularly within Southern, Northern and Western Europe. These regional groups were characterized by a decreasing trend in their average self‐employment rates. However in Central Europe we find more mixed results across the tests used and observe a rising trend in the average self‐employment rates. Finally, we find some weak evidence of convergence among all European countries

The relationship between self-employment and unemployment in the long-run: A panel cointegration approach allowing for breaks

Purpose – Although a lot of research has been done on the link between self-employment and unemployment, often focusing on the short-run of the relationship, the long-run association between the two variables has not received adequate attention. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – In this paper the authors examine the long-run relationship between self-employment and unemployment using panel cointegration methods allowing for structural breaks and covering a wide range of European OECD countries using the COMPENDIA data set over the period 1990-2011. Findings – The findings indicate that a long-run relationship between self-employment and unemployment exist in the panel, but the cointegrating coefficients are unstable. Originality/value – The estimates finds positive and statistically significant long-run association between self-employment and unemployment exists for more than 50 per cent of the countries included in the sample after the break. For the rest of the countries the authors find either negative or statistically insignificant association

Determinación y comparación de microhongos del suelo de un bosque húmedo premontano en Dagua, Valle del Cauca

Con el propósito de conocer las variaciones en la microbiota fúngica, al perturbar un terreno, se comparó la diversidad, abundancia y riqueza de hongos filamentosos del suelo en dos situaciones (bosque intervenido y bosque no intervenido) en un bosque húmedo premontano (bh-PM), en el municipio de Dagua, Valle del Cauca. Se determinaron los microhongos presentes y se calculó la diversidad (Simpson), la abundancia y la riqueza. Se tomaron 30 muestras (15 en el área intervenida y 15 en el área no intervenida) durante doce meses. Para el proceso de aislamiento, se utilizaron diluciones, desde 10- 2 hasta 10-5 y se sembraron en PDA. Para la identificación, las muestras se montaron y se observaron en microscopio óptico.Se identificaron 17 géneros en cada zona (Intervenida y no intervenida) con 27 morfotipos para ambas áreas. Se realizó una ANOVA factorial en donde no se encontraron diferencias significativas en diversidad (p= 0.88), abundancia (p=0.28) y riqueza (p=0.47). Se hallaron especies únicas en cada área como el morfotipo Botryotrichum sp. el cual solo se encontró en el área intervenida. Así mismo, Penicillium sp2., Mortierella sp1 y Colletotrichum sp. se observaron únicamente en el área no intervenida, considerando estas Morfoespecies como propias del bh-PM

Prospection and identification of traditional-heritage Peruvian grapevine cultivars (Vitis vinifera L.) from Ica and Cañete valleys

Interest in ancient and autochthonous cultivars has increased in recent years since they are directly related to the historical and cultural values of a region. Ica and Cañete valleys (Peru) have a long history of grapevine cultivation and the aim of this study was to identify phenotypes corresponding to the most used varieties for the local production of Pisco and wine. The 29 samples were collected in 17 vineyards in the Ica and Cañete valleys, and were analyzed using 20 molecular markers and 5 morphological descriptors according to the OIV. Results showed that the 29 collected samples corresponded to 11 genotypes: seven traditional cultivars and four unknown genotypes not registered previously. The known cultivars were 'Muscat of Alexandria', 'Listán Prieto', 'Quebranta', 'Moscatel Rosado', 'Pedro Giménez', 'Muscat Hamburg' and 'Palomino Fino'. The four not registered genotypes are locally known as 'Mollar de Ica', 'Moscatel Rosada de Cañete', 'Prieta Mollar' and 'Torontel'. All of them correspond to offspring of traditional-heritage Peruvian cultivars. We also found a phenotypic variation of 'Listán Prieto' with muscat flavor and identified phenotypic berry color variations in 'Quebranta'. This study increases the knowledge of traditional Peruvian grape varieties and highlight the genetic variability preserved in the traditional vineyards of local producers

Study of metals in leached soils of a municipal dumpsite in Tampico, Tamaulipas, Mexico: preliminary results

The Zapote dumpsite measures 420000 m 2 and is 28 years old; an estimated 2.5 millions tons of waste have accumulated on the site (household waste, clinical waste, commercial waste). The thickness of the waste is 3 to 9 meters. Since operations began, no control regulations have existed on the residues received. The Zapote dumpsite is located within a salt-marsh between a system of channels and river lagoons of brackish water, located in a tropical sedimentary environment in the urban zone of Tampico, Tamaulipas, Mexico. Recently, the Zapote has been closed and work is presently underway in its rehabilitation since a geo-environmental perspective. The present investigation integrates information of preliminary results of metals (Pb, Ni, Cd, Cu, Mg, Fe and Al) contained in sediments that underlie the Zapote dumpsite. In laboratory research the metals of the sediment were correlated with the metals contained in samples of leachate from the Zapote dumpsite. The concentration of metals Pb, Ni, Cd, Cu, Mg, Fe and Al were analyzed in samples of sediments that underlie the body of the dumpsite in layers of 10 cm, reaching a depth of 1.5 m under the interface waste-soil. The results denote high concentrations of metals in layers that are in contact with waste that decreased until reaching 60 to 80 cm of depth. The proportions of the concentrations of metals studied in the soil are comparable with that leached, until layers of 60 to 80 cm of depth are reached, and are then lost in the deepest layers. The high plastic characteristics of clay layers have stood in the way of metallic contaminants in sub layers of the Zapote dumpsite. The results were correlated with metal concentrations of natural and anthropogenic sediments of the region

Nivel de formación sobre sexualidad humana en estudiantes del primer ciclo en la Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo, año 2010

La sexualidad humana es un concepto que abarca distintos ámbitos. Generalmente la sociedad tiende a relacionarlo con la parte reproductiva, sin embargo no solo atañe a lo sexual propiamente dicho, pues también comprende a la parte afectiva, de allí que se hable de una salud sexual y afectiva. El presente trabajo tiene como finalidad determinar el nivel de formación sobre sexualidad humana en estudiantes del primer ciclo en la Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo, año 2010. Para la realización de la investigación se empleó un estudio descriptivo primario de tipo transversal, utilizándose el consentimiento informado para proceder a la encuesta elaborada por los autores en conjunto con un experto en el tema, siendo ésta revisada por dos sacerdotes y una psicóloga, y previamente empleada en prueba piloto. Ésta se aplicó en el muestreo obtenido estadísticamente de una población total de 1496 estudiantes 2010-I. Resultando los sujetos a investigar 424 estudiantes, considerados según estratos según facultad: ciencias empresariales, derecho, humanidades, ingeniería y medicina. Sin embargo la muestra de estudio se incrementó durante el proceso, haciendo un total de 439 estudiantes. Para el análisis de los datos se empleó tablas de frecuencias, diagramas de barras, diagrama de sectores y el programa Estadístico Excel. Se concluyó que de los 439 estudiantes del primer ciclo de USAT 2010-I entrevistados: el 19% presentó nivel alto de formación sobre sexualidad humana; el 62%, predominante, presentó un nivel medio, mientras que el restante, 18%, presentó nivel bajo

Entomofauna asociada a las arvenses del nopal tunero (Opuntia spp.) en parcelas de manejo convencional, orgánico y zona de amortiguamiento, en Axapusco, Estado de México

Se muestreo en dos predios de nopal tunero, con manejo convencional, orgánico y zonas de amortiguamiento. Se colectaron 10,743 insectos e identificaron 115 especies de arvenses, las más abundantes fueron: Asteraceae (26), Poaceae (13) y Fabaceae (11). En las Parcelas Convencionales (PC) donde predominaron las Asteraceae se colectaron 4,932 insectos; en las Orgánicas (PO) prevalecieron las Poaceae con 2,656 ejemplares; y en las Zonas de Amortiguamiento (ZA), se colectaron 3,155 insectos. En junio se colectó la mayor cantidad de ejemplares en PC (1,282), PO (602) y ZA (565); y de mayo a octubre en PC; en invierno se colectó el mayor número de individuos en PO y ZA. Entre los Análisis de Componentes Principales y Clúster existió correspondencia, esto explica el comportamiento de Coleóptera en PC, PO y ZA; misma conducta observó Orthoptera en PC y ZA, y Díptera en PO; Hemíptera con Hymenoptera en PO; Lepidóptera en PO y ZA, parecido a Hymenoptera en PC; y Thysanoptera tuvo menor similitud en ZA, PO y PC.The collection was performed in two plots of prickly pear, with a conventional and organic management, as well as buffer zones. There were collected 10,743 insects and were identified 115 arvenses species. The most plenty were: Asteraceae (26), Poaceae (13) and Fabaceae (11). In the conventional plots (PC), where the Asteraceae predominated, 4932 insects were collected; in the organic plots (PO) the Poaceae prevailed with 2656 samples; and in the buffer zones (ZA), 3155 insects were collected. The biggest amount of samples were collected in June in PC (1282), PO (602) and ZA (565); and from May to October in PC; meanwhile, the biggest amount of insects that were collected in winter, belonged to PO and ZA. Between the Principal Component Analysis and Cluster Analysis a correspondence took place so it explains the similar behavior of Coleoptera in PC, PO and ZA; the same behavior was observed in Orthoptera in PC and ZA equivalent to Diptera in PO; as well as Hemiptera was compared with Hymenoptera in PO, Lepidoptera in PO and ZA; such as Hymenoptera in PC; however, Thysanoptera got less similarity in ZA, PO and PC.Eje A1 Sistemas de producción de base agroecológica (Trabajos científicos)Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Entomofauna asociada a las arvenses del nopal tunero (Opuntia spp.) en parcelas de manejo convencional, orgánico y zona de amortiguamiento, en Axapusco, Estado de México

Se muestreo en dos predios de nopal tunero, con manejo convencional, orgánico y zonas de amortiguamiento. Se colectaron 10,743 insectos e identificaron 115 especies de arvenses, las más abundantes fueron: Asteraceae (26), Poaceae (13) y Fabaceae (11). En las Parcelas Convencionales (PC) donde predominaron las Asteraceae se colectaron 4,932 insectos; en las Orgánicas (PO) prevalecieron las Poaceae con 2,656 ejemplares; y en las Zonas de Amortiguamiento (ZA), se colectaron 3,155 insectos. En junio se colectó la mayor cantidad de ejemplares en PC (1,282), PO (602) y ZA (565); y de mayo a octubre en PC; en invierno se colectó el mayor número de individuos en PO y ZA. Entre los Análisis de Componentes Principales y Clúster existió correspondencia, esto explica el comportamiento de Coleóptera en PC, PO y ZA; misma conducta observó Orthoptera en PC y ZA, y Díptera en PO; Hemíptera con Hymenoptera en PO; Lepidóptera en PO y ZA, parecido a Hymenoptera en PC; y Thysanoptera tuvo menor similitud en ZA, PO y PC.The collection was performed in two plots of prickly pear, with a conventional and organic management, as well as buffer zones. There were collected 10,743 insects and were identified 115 arvenses species. The most plenty were: Asteraceae (26), Poaceae (13) and Fabaceae (11). In the conventional plots (PC), where the Asteraceae predominated, 4932 insects were collected; in the organic plots (PO) the Poaceae prevailed with 2656 samples; and in the buffer zones (ZA), 3155 insects were collected. The biggest amount of samples were collected in June in PC (1282), PO (602) and ZA (565); and from May to October in PC; meanwhile, the biggest amount of insects that were collected in winter, belonged to PO and ZA. Between the Principal Component Analysis and Cluster Analysis a correspondence took place so it explains the similar behavior of Coleoptera in PC, PO and ZA; the same behavior was observed in Orthoptera in PC and ZA equivalent to Diptera in PO; as well as Hemiptera was compared with Hymenoptera in PO, Lepidoptera in PO and ZA; such as Hymenoptera in PC; however, Thysanoptera got less similarity in ZA, PO and PC.Eje A1 Sistemas de producción de base agroecológica (Trabajos científicos)Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Entomofauna asociada a las arvenses del nopal tunero (Opuntia spp.) en parcelas de manejo convencional, orgánico y zona de amortiguamiento, en Axapusco, Estado de México

Se muestreo en dos predios de nopal tunero, con manejo convencional, orgánico y zonas de amortiguamiento. Se colectaron 10,743 insectos e identificaron 115 especies de arvenses, las más abundantes fueron: Asteraceae (26), Poaceae (13) y Fabaceae (11). En las Parcelas Convencionales (PC) donde predominaron las Asteraceae se colectaron 4,932 insectos; en las Orgánicas (PO) prevalecieron las Poaceae con 2,656 ejemplares; y en las Zonas de Amortiguamiento (ZA), se colectaron 3,155 insectos. En junio se colectó la mayor cantidad de ejemplares en PC (1,282), PO (602) y ZA (565); y de mayo a octubre en PC; en invierno se colectó el mayor número de individuos en PO y ZA. Entre los Análisis de Componentes Principales y Clúster existió correspondencia, esto explica el comportamiento de Coleóptera en PC, PO y ZA; misma conducta observó Orthoptera en PC y ZA, y Díptera en PO; Hemíptera con Hymenoptera en PO; Lepidóptera en PO y ZA, parecido a Hymenoptera en PC; y Thysanoptera tuvo menor similitud en ZA, PO y PC.The collection was performed in two plots of prickly pear, with a conventional and organic management, as well as buffer zones. There were collected 10,743 insects and were identified 115 arvenses species. The most plenty were: Asteraceae (26), Poaceae (13) and Fabaceae (11). In the conventional plots (PC), where the Asteraceae predominated, 4932 insects were collected; in the organic plots (PO) the Poaceae prevailed with 2656 samples; and in the buffer zones (ZA), 3155 insects were collected. The biggest amount of samples were collected in June in PC (1282), PO (602) and ZA (565); and from May to October in PC; meanwhile, the biggest amount of insects that were collected in winter, belonged to PO and ZA. Between the Principal Component Analysis and Cluster Analysis a correspondence took place so it explains the similar behavior of Coleoptera in PC, PO and ZA; the same behavior was observed in Orthoptera in PC and ZA equivalent to Diptera in PO; as well as Hemiptera was compared with Hymenoptera in PO, Lepidoptera in PO and ZA; such as Hymenoptera in PC; however, Thysanoptera got less similarity in ZA, PO and PC.Eje A1 Sistemas de producción de base agroecológica (Trabajos científicos)Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale