Utilización de imágenes digitales en la determinación ampelográfica de cinco cultivares de vid (vitis vinifera)

47 p.Existen diversos métodos ampelográficos para identificar cultivares de vid, pero son de alto costo, difíciles de implementar y requieren de personal altamente especializado. Para resolver esta problemática se realizó un estudio cuyo objetivo fue implementar una metodología más simple de identificación ampelográfica de cinco cultivares de vid utilizando imágenes digitales. La investigación se llevó a cabo durante la temporada 2011-2012, sobre un cuartel vitícola utilizado como jardín de variedades de 5 años de edad, donde se encontraban los siguientes cultivares: Sauvignon blanc, Chardonnay, Carménère, Merlot y Pinot noir. El cuartel en estudio se encuentra localizado en La Estación Experimental Panguilemo de la Universidad de Talca, ubicada en el Valle del Maule, VII Región, Chile (35°22.2' S, 71°35.39' O, WGS 84; 121 m.s.n.m.). Para esta investigación se recolectaron hojas de vid en dos sectores manejados con niveles de humedad diferentes (con y sin restricción hídrica). En las hojas analizadas se determinaron 12 variables ampelográficos, que corresponden a caracteres morfométricos (área (A), perímetro (P), relación P2/A), sistema de color RGB, excentricidad de la hoja y dimensión fractal. Con los datos recopilados se realizó un análisis de componentes principales para determinar los caracteres que mejor diferenciaban a los cultivares entre sí. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron que las variables que más discriminaron los diferentes cultivares fueron: área, perímetro, relación P2/A y sistema de color RGB (rojo y verde). Con esta metodología se consiguió diferenciar y separar los cinco cultivares entre sí, con excepción de Carménère y Sauvignon Blanc. Esta investigación plantea la posibilidad de identificar cultivares de vid de forma más rápida y a menor costo bajo distintas condiciones de manejo hídrico, sin embargo, es necesario validar la metodología propuesta en estudios posteriores, proponiendo nuevas variables que permitan separar de forma más clara aquellos cultivares que no pudieron ser discriminados en este estudio. Palabras claves: Imágenes digitales, ampelografía, análisis de componentes principales, morfometría./ ABSTRACT: There are several ampelographic methods to identify grapevine cultivars, but they are expensive, hard to implement and require highly specialized personnel. To overcome this problem we conducted a study aiming to implement a methodology that uses digital images to identify ampelographic characteristics on five grape cultivars. The research was conducted during the 2011-2012 growing season on a five-year-old vine field used as a variety collection with the following cultivars: Sauvignon Blanc, Chardonnay, Carménère, Merlot and Pinot Noir. The vine field is located in Panguilemo Experimental Station, University of Talca, Maule Valley, Chile (35 ° 22.2 'S, 71 ° 35.39' W, WGS 84; 121 m.a.s.l.). For this research were collected vine leaves in two sectors managed with different levels of water restriction (with and without water restriction). On the analyzed leaves, 12 ampelographic variables were identified corresponding to morphometric characteristics (area (A), perimeter (P), ratio P2/A), RGB color system, eccentricity of the leaf and fractal dimension. The collected data were analyzed using a principal components analysis to determine the characteristics that best differentiated the cultivars from each other. The results showed that the variables that discriminate the different cultivars were: area, perimeter, ratio P2/C and RGB color system (red and green). This methodology was able to distinguish and separate the five cultivars among each other, with the exception of Carménère and Sauvignon Blanc. This research raises the possibility of identifying grapevine cultivars more quickly and at lower cost under different water management, however, it is necessary to validate the proposed methodology in future studies, proposing new variables to more clearly separate those cultivars that could not be discriminated in this study. Keywords: digital images, ampelography, principal component analysis, morphometry

5to. Congreso Internacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación para la Sociedad. Memoria académica

El V Congreso Internacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación para la Sociedad, CITIS 2019, realizado del 6 al 8 de febrero de 2019 y organizado por la Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, ofreció a la comunidad académica nacional e internacional una plataforma de comunicación unificada, dirigida a cubrir los problemas teóricos y prácticos de mayor impacto en la sociedad moderna desde la ingeniería. En esta edición, dedicada a los 25 años de vida de la UPS, los ejes temáticos estuvieron relacionados con la aplicación de la ciencia, el desarrollo tecnológico y la innovación en cinco pilares fundamentales de nuestra sociedad: la industria, la movilidad, la sostenibilidad ambiental, la información y las telecomunicaciones. El comité científico estuvo conformado formado por 48 investigadores procedentes de diez países: España, Reino Unido, Italia, Bélgica, México, Venezuela, Colombia, Brasil, Estados Unidos y Ecuador. Fueron recibidas un centenar de contribuciones, de las cuales 39 fueron aprobadas en forma de ponencias y 15 en formato poster. Estas contribuciones fueron presentadas de forma oral ante toda la comunidad académica que se dio cita en el Congreso, quienes desde el aula magna, el auditorio y la sala de usos múltiples de la Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, cumplieron respetuosamente la responsabilidad de representar a toda la sociedad en la revisión, aceptación y validación del conocimiento nuevo que fue presentado en cada exposición por los investigadores. Paralelo a las sesiones técnicas, el Congreso contó con espacios de presentación de posters científicos y cinco workshops en temáticas de vanguardia que cautivaron la atención de nuestros docentes y estudiantes. También en el marco del evento se impartieron un total de ocho conferencias magistrales en temas tan actuales como la gestión del conocimiento en la universidad-ecosistema, los retos y oportunidades de la industria 4.0, los avances de la investigación básica y aplicada en mecatrónica para el estudio de robots de nueva generación, la optimización en ingeniería con técnicas multi-objetivo, el desarrollo de las redes avanzadas en Latinoamérica y los mundos, la contaminación del aire debido al tránsito vehicular, el radón y los riesgos que representa este gas radiactivo para la salud humana, entre otros

Healthcare workers hospitalized due to COVID-19 have no higher risk of death than general population. Data from the Spanish SEMI-COVID-19 Registry

Aim To determine whether healthcare workers (HCW) hospitalized in Spain due to COVID-19 have a worse prognosis than non-healthcare workers (NHCW). Methods Observational cohort study based on the SEMI-COVID-19 Registry, a nationwide registry that collects sociodemographic, clinical, laboratory, and treatment data on patients hospitalised with COVID-19 in Spain. Patients aged 20-65 years were selected. A multivariate logistic regression model was performed to identify factors associated with mortality. Results As of 22 May 2020, 4393 patients were included, of whom 419 (9.5%) were HCW. Median (interquartile range) age of HCW was 52 (15) years and 62.4% were women. Prevalence of comorbidities and severe radiological findings upon admission were less frequent in HCW. There were no difference in need of respiratory support and admission to intensive care unit, but occurrence of sepsis and in-hospital mortality was lower in HCW (1.7% vs. 3.9%; p = 0.024 and 0.7% vs. 4.8%; p<0.001 respectively). Age, male sex and comorbidity, were independently associated with higher in-hospital mortality and healthcare working with lower mortality (OR 0.211, 95%CI 0.067-0.667, p = 0.008). 30-days survival was higher in HCW (0.968 vs. 0.851 p<0.001). Conclusions Hospitalized COVID-19 HCW had fewer comorbidities and a better prognosis than NHCW. Our results suggest that professional exposure to COVID-19 in HCW does not carry more clinical severity nor mortality

Clustering COVID-19 ARDS patients through the first days of ICU admission. An analysis of the CIBERESUCICOVID Cohort

Background Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) can be classified into sub-phenotypes according to different inflammatory/clinical status. Prognostic enrichment was achieved by grouping patients into hypoinflammatory or hyperinflammatory sub-phenotypes, even though the time of analysis may change the classification according to treatment response or disease evolution. We aimed to evaluate when patients can be clustered in more than 1 group, and how they may change the clustering of patients using data of baseline or day 3, and the prognosis of patients according to their evolution by changing or not the cluster.Methods Multicenter, observational prospective, and retrospective study of patients admitted due to ARDS related to COVID-19 infection in Spain. Patients were grouped according to a clustering mixed-type data algorithm (k-prototypes) using continuous and categorical readily available variables at baseline and day 3.Results Of 6205 patients, 3743 (60%) were included in the study. According to silhouette analysis, patients were grouped in two clusters. At baseline, 1402 (37%) patients were included in cluster 1 and 2341(63%) in cluster 2. On day 3, 1557(42%) patients were included in cluster 1 and 2086 (57%) in cluster 2. The patients included in cluster 2 were older and more frequently hypertensive and had a higher prevalence of shock, organ dysfunction, inflammatory biomarkers, and worst respiratory indexes at both time points. The 90-day mortality was higher in cluster 2 at both clustering processes (43.8% [n = 1025] versus 27.3% [n = 383] at baseline, and 49% [n = 1023] versus 20.6% [n = 321] on day 3). Four hundred and fifty-eight (33%) patients clustered in the first group were clustered in the second group on day 3. In contrast, 638 (27%) patients clustered in the second group were clustered in the first group on day 3.Conclusions During the first days, patients can be clustered into two groups and the process of clustering patients may change as they continue to evolve. This means that despite a vast majority of patients remaining in the same cluster, a minority reaching 33% of patients analyzed may be re-categorized into different clusters based on their progress. Such changes can significantly impact their prognosis

The evolution of the ventilatory ratio is a prognostic factor in mechanically ventilated COVID-19 ARDS patients

Background: Mortality due to COVID-19 is high, especially in patients requiring mechanical ventilation. The purpose of the study is to investigate associations between mortality and variables measured during the first three days of mechanical ventilation in patients with COVID-19 intubated at ICU admission. Methods: Multicenter, observational, cohort study includes consecutive patients with COVID-19 admitted to 44 Spanish ICUs between February 25 and July 31, 2020, who required intubation at ICU admission and mechanical ventilation for more than three days. We collected demographic and clinical data prior to admission; information about clinical evolution at days 1 and 3 of mechanical ventilation; and outcomes. Results: Of the 2,095 patients with COVID-19 admitted to the ICU, 1,118 (53.3%) were intubated at day 1 and remained under mechanical ventilation at day three. From days 1 to 3, PaO2/FiO2 increased from 115.6 [80.0-171.2] to 180.0 [135.4-227.9] mmHg and the ventilatory ratio from 1.73 [1.33-2.25] to 1.96 [1.61-2.40]. In-hospital mortality was 38.7%. A higher increase between ICU admission and day 3 in the ventilatory ratio (OR 1.04 [CI 1.01-1.07], p = 0.030) and creatinine levels (OR 1.05 [CI 1.01-1.09], p = 0.005) and a lower increase in platelet counts (OR 0.96 [CI 0.93-1.00], p = 0.037) were independently associated with a higher risk of death. No association between mortality and the PaO2/FiO2 variation was observed (OR 0.99 [CI 0.95 to 1.02], p = 0.47). Conclusions: Higher ventilatory ratio and its increase at day 3 is associated with mortality in patients with COVID-19 receiving mechanical ventilation at ICU admission. No association was found in the PaO2/FiO2 variation