El cine como eje de situaciones de aprendizaje para trabajar la trigonometría en Matemáticas Académicas de 4.º ESO

Treball Final de Màster Universitari en Professor/a d'Educació Secundària Obligatòria i Batxillerat, Formació Professional i Ensenyaments d'Idiomes. Codi SAP509. Curs: 2022/2023Este trabajo corresponde a mi Trabajo de Fin de Máster en Profesor/a de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria y Bachillerato, Formación Profesional y Enseñanza de Idiomas, especialidad en Matemáticas, de la Universitat Jaume I. En concreto, pertenece a la modalidad de justificación y creación de materiales didácticos mediante una propuesta didáctica (Modalidad 6). El enfoque central del trabajo es realizar una situación de aprendizaje que permita mejorar la unidad didáctica de trigonometría en la asignatura de Matemáticas Académicas del curso de 4.º de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria. Además, como elemento principal, original y distintivo que caracteriza a la situación de aprendizaje es el uso del cine como herramienta didáctica. Para ello, analizaremos de forma teórica el porqué el cine puede ser utilizado como recurso didáctico en Matemáticas y compararemos nuestra propuesta con otros recursos didácticos encontrados por la red. Más tarde, veremos cómo hemos diseñado la situación de aprendizaje y cómo la hemos llevado a cabo en uno de los cursos de mis prácticas externas del máster. Por último, analizaremos y reflexionaremos sobre las impresiones y resultados del cuestionario realizado al alumnado que experimentó la situación de aprendizaje

Diseño y desarrollo funcional de modelos vectoriales derivados de lentivirus deficientes en integración para la modificación génica específica de sitio

Tesis doctoral inédita, leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología Molecular. Fecha de lectura: 31-01-201

Functional characterization of two enhancers located downstream FOXP2

Background: Mutations in the coding region of FOXP2 are known to cause speech and language impairment. However, it is not clear how dysregulation of the gene contributes to language deficit. Interestingly, microdeletions of the region downstream the gene have been associated with cognitive deficits. Methods: Here, we investigate changes in FOXP2 expression in the SK-N-MC neuroblastoma human cell line after deletion by CRISPR-Cas9 of two enhancers located downstream of the gene. Results: Deletion of any of these two functional enhancers downregulates FOXP2, but also upregulates the closest 3′ gene MDFIC. Because this effect is not statistically significant in a HEK 293 cell line, derived from the human kidney, both enhancers might confer a tissue specific regulation to both genes. We have also found that the deletion of any of these enhancers downregulates six well-known FOXP2 target genes in the SK-N-MC cell line. Conclusions: We expect these findings contribute to a deeper understanding of how FOXP2 and MDFIC are regulated to pace neuronal development supporting cognition, speech and language.Spanish National Research and Development Plan PI14/01884Instituto de Salud Carlos III PI14/01884FEDER PI14/0188

Manejo de malezas durante y después del establecimiento de maní perenne.

A field study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dimethenamid and imazethapyr followed by clethodim and bromoxynil, on rhizoma perennial peanut (Arachis glabrata) during and after establishment.There were no significant differences in any of the parameters measured among rhizoma perennial peanut accessions as a result of the effects of herbicides. Excellent grass control was obtained when dimethenamid (preemergence) at 1.68 and 3.36 kg ai/ha was applied during the first month as compared with the use of imazethapyr. At 26 weeks after herbicide application (WAH) excellent grass control was obtained in all herbicide treatments. At 52 WAH no differences were observed for broadleaf and grass density. No differences were detected for dry weight of rhizoma perennial peanut and weeds among herbicide treatments at the 26- and 52-WAH harvests. Plots receiving imazethapyr as an early postemergence (POE) had 44 g/m2 more dry weight of weeds than plots with dimethenamid at the lowest rate, but no differences were found among the other treatments. The lowest weight of rhizoma perennial peanut was with imazethapyr early POE, as compared with the three other herbicide treatments. No difference was observed with dimethenamid at either rate. After two years, density of broadleaves was the highest (55.6 plants per square meter) with imazethapyr applied early POE. Density of grasses was lower with imazethapyr preemergence and dimethenamid at a lower rate than with the other two herbicide treatments. Overall, taking into account all rates and dates of herbicide applications, the best weed control was obtained with the early application dates. Se estableció un experimento de campo para evaluar el efecto de dimethenamid e imazethapyr seguido de clethodim y bromoxynil en maní perenne (Arachis glabrata), en y durante el establecimiento del mismo. No hubo diferencias significativas entre las variedades de maní perenne para el efecto de herbicida en ninguno de los parámetros medidos. Se obtuvo un excelente control de gramíneas con dimethenamid a 1.68 y 3.36 kg ¡a/ha el primer mes después de la aplicación en comparación con la aplicación de imazethapyr. A las 26 semanas después de la aplicación de los herbicidas se obtuvo excelente control de gramíneas con todos los tratamientos de herbicidas. A las 52 semanas después de la aplicación no hubo diferencias en la densidad de malezas de hoja ancha ni de gramíneas en ninguno de los tratamientos de herbicidas. No hubo diferencias en el peso seco del maní ni en el de malezas entre los tratamientos de herbicidas a las 26 y 52 semanas después de la aplicación. El peso seco de las malezas que recibieron imazethapyr postemergente temprano fue 44 g/m2 mayor que el de las malezas que recibieron dimethenamid a la dosis menor, pero no se observó diferencias entre los otros tratamientos. El menor rendimiento del maní perenne se obtuvo con la aplicación de imazethapyr postemergente temprano. Después de dos años de establecido, imazethapyr aplicado postemergente temprano produjo la mayor densidad de malezas de hoja ancha, con 55.6 plantas por metro cuadrado. La densidad de gramíneas fue menor con imazethapyr preemergente y con dimethenamid a la dosis de 1.68 kg ¡a/ha que con los otros dos tratamientos. En general, las aplicaciones de los herbicidas de forma preemergente resultaron en mayor rendimiento del maní perenne.

Efecto de parámetros que intervienen en la transformación vía Agrobacterium tumefaciens en la regeneración de Phaseolus vulgaris L. cultivares 'ICA Pijao' y 'BAT 93'

Phaseolus vulgaris is a crop widely used in human consumption. Its production is affected by the incidence of biotic and abiotic factors. Genetic transformationprovides the possibility of reducing these affections, but the low efficiency in vitro regeneration constitutes a limiting factor for the development of protocols forobtaining plants transformed in this species. The aim of this work was to determinethe effect of bacterial suspension concentration, vacuum infiltration time andco-culture on the regeneration of P. vulgaris shoots in 'ICA Pijao' and 'BAT 93' cultivars. Green nodular calli were inoculated with a suspension of A. tumefaciensat a DO600 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3. Three times of infiltration by vacuum were evaluated:1, 2 and 3 min and co-culture period of three and five days. The concentration ofthe bacterial suspension, the vacuum infiltration time and the co-culture periodaffected the regeneration of shoots of P. vulgaris cv. 'ICA Pijao' and 'BAT 93'. The highest percentages of P. vulgaris shoot regeneration were achieved by inoculatingthe calli with a bacterial suspension adjusted at DO600=0.1, without vacuuminfiltration and 3 days in co-culture. The results of this research constitute thefirst contributions to the scientific community in show the effect of vacuuminfiltration on the regeneration of P. vulgaris tissue inoculated with A. tumefaciens. Keywords:co-culture, vacuum infiltration, regeneration, bacterial suspensionPhaseolus vulgaris L. es un cultivo muy empleado en el consumo humano. Su producción se encuentra afectada por la incidencia de factores bióticos y abióticos. La transformación genética brinda la posibilidad de reducir estas afectaciones, pero la baja eficiencia en la regeneración in vitro constituye una limitante para el desarrollo de protocolos para la obtención de plantas transformadas en esta especie. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar el efecto de la concentración de la suspensión bacteriana, el tiempo de infiltración por vacío y de co-cultivo en la regeneración de brotes de P. vulgaris en los cultivares 'ICA Pijao' y 'BAT 93'. Callos nodulares verdes se inocularon con una suspensión de A. tumefaciens ajustada a DO600 de 0.1, 0.2 y 0.3. Se evaluaron tres tiempos de infiltración por vacío: 1, 2 y 3 min y tiempos de co-cultivo de tres y cinco días. La concentración de la suspensión bacteriana, el tiempo de infiltración por vacío y el período de co-cultivo afectan la regeneración de brotes de P. vulgaris cv. 'ICA Pijao' y 'BAT 93'. Los mayores porcentajes de regeneración de brotes de P. vulgaris se lograron al inocular los callos con una suspensión bacteriana ajustada a DO600=0.1, sin infiltración con vacío y 3 días en co-cultivo. Los resultados de esta investigación constituyen los primeros aportes a la comunidad científica en demostrar el efecto de la infiltración por vacío en la regeneración de tejido de P. vulgaris inoculado con A. tumefaciens. Palabras clave: co-cultivo, infiltración por vacío, regeneración, suspensión bacterian

Effect of parameters involved in the transformation via <i>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</i> in the regeneration of <i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i> L. cultivars 'ICA Pijao' and 'BAT 93'

Phaseolus vulgaris is a crop widely used in human consumption. Its production is affected by the incidence of biotic and abiotic factors. Genetic transformation provides the possibility of reducing these affections, but the low efficiency in vitro regeneration constitutes a limiting factor for the development of protocols for obtaining plants transformed in this species. The aim of this work was to determine the effect of bacterial suspension concentration, vacuum infiltration time and co-culture on the regeneration of P. vulgaris shoots in 'ICA Pijao' and 'BAT 93' cultivars. Green nodular calli were inoculated with a suspension of A. tumefaciens at a DO600 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3. Three times of infiltration by vacuum were evaluated: 1, 2 and 3 min and co-culture period of three and five days. The concentration of the bacterial suspension, the vacuum infiltration time and the co-culture period affected the regeneration of shoots of P. vulgaris cv. 'ICA Pijao' and 'BAT 93'. The highest percentages of P. vulgaris shoot regeneration were achieved by inoculating the calli with a bacterial suspension adjusted at DO600=0.1, without vacuum infiltration and 3 days in co-culture. The results of this research constitute the first contributions to the scientific community in show the effect of vacuum infiltration on the regeneration of P. vulgaris tissue inoculated with A. tumefaciens. Keywords:co-culture, vacuum infiltration, regeneration, bacterial suspensio

Geochemical interactions at the steel-bentonite interface caused by a hydrothermal gradient

Bentonites are used in deep geological disposal facilities as an engineered barrier to isolate high level radioactive waste, contained in metallic canisters. The present study, performed at laboratory scale, evaluated the behaviour of MX-80 (Na-bentonite) and FEBEX (Ca-Mg-Na-bentonite) in contact with carbon steel, subjected to a hydrothermal gradient. A dominant Na-Cl-SO4 saline solution was injected towards the compacted bentonite from the top, while a heater, located at the bottom in contact with the steel disc, maintained a constant temperature of 100 °C. The cells were studied after one and six months of interaction. Changes in the physical (water content and specific surface area) and chemical (cation exchange capacity and element distribution) properties of the bentonite were observed, as well as the formation of a corrosion layer on the steel, at the interface with bentonite, mainly composed of magnetite, maghemite and hematite. The bentonites were mainly altered at the mm scale, being enriched in iron content, and changing their ion distribution to Ca-dominant smectite (in MX-80 bentonite)This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme 2014-2018 under grant agreement N◦84759

Lime mortar-compacted bentonite-magnetite interfaces: An experimental study focused on the understanding of the EBS long-term performance for high-level nuclear waste isolation DGR concept

The aim of this study was to obtain evidences regarding the physical and geochemical processes occurring as a result of the combined effects of cementitious materials from the concrete degradation and magnetite from steel corrosion on the bentonite barrier during disposal of high-level radioactive waste.A series of six experiments were done that attempt to reproduce the repository conditions prevailing from 1000 to 3000 years after emplacement of wastes. A lime mortar was used as the source of calcium and alkalinity as this is the presumed reactive product produced during concrete degradation at long-term. Magnetite powder was used to simulate the final corrosion product of cast iron and C-steel under anaerobic conditions. Either a natural FEBEX bentonite or a pretreated "aged" sample, depleted in exchangeable Mg and enriched in K, were used as the swelling clay component. Experiments, with both types of bentonite, were performed simultaneously in cylindrical specimens (50 mm diameter, 25 mm length), confined in a Teflon® sleeve/steel case cells. These specimens were composed of cement mortar in contact with compacted bentonite, which was in turn in contact with compressed magnetite powder. They were hydrated with an artificial Na+-Ca2+×SO42-type Spanish reference clayey formation water for 18 months at 60 °C and constant hydraulic pressure applied through the base of the mortar.After dismantling and sampling the specimens, distribution of soluble ions, exchangeable cations and mineralogy were studied in the bentonite by different instrumental techniques. Iron migration or any impact of the corrosion products in the bentonite was not noticeable in the clay. Both, mortar and magnetite acted as sinks of chloride and sulfate. Small quantities of Ca-Al-sulfates and carboaluminates, which can allocate chlorides, were determined near the mortar-bentonite interface. Portlandite dissolved near the bentonite interface and induced the formation of calcium silicates hydrates (C-S-H) phases cementing the clay interface characterizing a calcium front that was developed from the mortar towards the bentonite. Magnesium silicate hydrates (M-S-H) phases were also concentrated at the interface with mortar in the natural bentonite. It was also determined that natural bentonite has potentially higher buffering capacity attenuating the calcium alkaline front than the pretreated clay. In both cases, a low porosity bentonite-mortar zone was experimentally created at the interface. This type of material should be carefully studied in order to predict the potential for further development of a diffusive alkaline alteration, the radionuclides retention and the consequences in the hydration rate of the unaffected bentonite bufferThe research leading to these results has received funding from the European Atomic Energy Community's Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007–2011) under grant agreement no. 249681

Bentonite powder XRD quantitative analysis using Rietveld refinement: Revisiting and updating bulk semiquantitative mineralogical compositions

Bentonite is a claystone formed by a complex mineralogical mixture, composed of mont-morillonite, illite, and accessory minerals like quartz, cristobalite, feldspars, carbonates, and minor amounts of iron oxy-hydroxides. Bentonite presents complexity at various scales: (1): a single mineral may present different chemical composition within the same quarry (e.g., feldspars solid solu-tions); (2): montmorillonite presents variability in the cation-exchange distribution while illite may be presented as mixed-layer with smectite sheets; and (3): hardness and crystal size are larger in accessory minerals than in clay minerals, preventing uniform grinding of bentonite. The FEBEX bentonite used is originally from Almería (Spain), and it is a predominantly calcium, magnesium, and sodium bentonite. This Spanish FEBEX bentonite has been hydrothermally altered at laboratory scale for 7–14 years. A thermal gradient was generated by heating a disk of pressed iron powder, simulating the metal waste canister, in contact with the compacted bentonite sample. Hydration was forced from the opposite direction. XRD recorded patterns were very similar. In order to min-imize the bias of XRD semi-quantitative determination methods, Rietveld refinement was per-formed using BGMN software and different structural models. Confidence in the quantification of the main phases allows us to convincingly detect other subtle changes such as the presence of calcite in the hydration front, right at the interface between the saturated and unsaturated bentonite, or the presence of goethite, and not hematite, in the saturated bentonite, near the source of hydration. Smectite component was 72 ± 3% and the refinement was consistent with the presence of ~10% illite, comparable with previous characterization

Radiative Transference Equation Algorithm as an ANSYS® User-Defined Function for Solar Technology Applications

Heat effects in photocatalytic reactor applications are discussed and a case study is analyzed where sunlight is used to activate a chemical reaction to degrade water pollutants. Heat is produced in the light-capturing process, and heat effects need to be better understood during the device design process. Radiative transfer equation (RTE) is the guiding equation used to calculate radiation proliferation in participating media, and it is used to describe the balance of radiative energy transport in the participating media including the interactions caused by different processes such as absorption, scattering, and emission, which also are subject to additional phenomena like weakening and magnification. This equation plays an important role in the design process since it may be included in the simulation process to represent the sunlight heat effects in the different photocatalytic reactor components. In this chapter, it is explained how to build a simplified algorithm to incorporate the RTE in a numerical calculation during the design of a photocatalytic reactor using the commercial software ANSYS®. In addition, simplifications are explained that enable the program to coordinate some coefficients such as absorption and dispersion so their effects are included within the numerical calculation. A user-defined function is presented in the end of the chapter as a usable algorithm in ANSYS® program with acceptable results for photocatalytic reactors