Potencial de la glándula uropigial como fuente para obtener cepas probióticas para uso en avicultura

La bacteria Escherichia coli (E. coli) tiene una gran importancia como principal causa de colibacilosis y mortalidad en los pollitos de engorde de la industria avícola. Hasta ahora esta enfermedad se ha tratado con antibióticos de amplio espectro, pero finalmente este procedimiento ha sido prohibido debido a la gran preocupación sobre el creciente uso de antibióticos en las producciones ganaderas y los posibles efectos sobre la salud humana, como la diseminación de resistencias a patógenos. Esta retirada ha causado un aumento de las colisepticemias producidas por Escherichia coli patógena aviar (APEC). Por ello, la investigación se ha centrado en la investigación del uso de probióticos como productos alternativos para inhibir el crecimiento de E. coli, ya que se ha demostrado que los probióticos poseen capacidad de reducir la incidencia de ciertas enfermedades infecciosas. Se exploró la glándula uropigial de diversas aves como fuente de cepas probióticas que tuviesen un efecto antagonista ante la incidencia de colibacilosis y la mortalidad de los pollitos recién eclosionados. Para ello se identificaron las cepas aisladas de la glándula resultando en su mayoría ser Enterococcus, y se estudió la actividad antagonista frente cepas patógenas de E. coli, donde se obtuvo que las bacterias que producen ácido láctico en grandes cantidades inhiben E. coli en un 15% o más, pero a su vez estas bacterias no producen metabolitos secundarios con suficiente capacidad inhibitoria. Se ha determinado que la glándula uropigial no tiene un gran potencial como fuente de cepas probióticas con capacidad de reducir la incidencia de colibacilosis y la mortalidad de los pollitos recién eclosionados.Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a significant cause of colibacillosis and mortality in broiler chickens in the poultry industry. Until now this disease has been treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics, but finally this procedure has been prohibited due to the great concern about the increasing use of antibiotics in livestock production and the possible effects on human health, such as the dissemination of resistances among pathogens. This withdrawal has led to an increase in the number of colisepticemia produced by the avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC). Research has focused on investigating the use of probiotics as alternative products to inhibit the growth of E. coli, because probiotics have been shown to have the ability to reduce the risk of certain infectious diseases. The uropigial gland of several birds was explored as a source of probiotic strains that have the ability to reduce the incidence of colibacillosis and mortality in newly hatched chicks. To this end, the strains isolated from the gland were identified, most of them being Enterococcus, and the antagonistic activity against pathogenic strains of E. coli was studied. Results obtained showed that the bacteria that produce lactic acid in large quantities inhibit E. coli by 15% or more, but at the same time these bacteria do not produce secondary metabolites with sufficient inhibitory capacity. It has been determined that the uropigial gland does not have great potential as a source of probiotic strains with the ability to reduce the incidence of colibacillosis and mortality in newly hatched chicks.Biotecnologí

Agendas visuales, "no hace falta la agenda, él me entiende"

En este artículo abordamos no sólo la importancia que tienen las agendas visuales para las personas con un Trastorno Generalizado del Desarrollo que no desarrollan el lenguaje oral, sino cómo son igual de importantes también para aquellas que sí lo desarrollan. Presentamos dos ejemplos de niños que tienen lenguaje oral, a los que las imágenes de las agendas les ayudan a anticipar para comunicar o comprender algo que va a ocurrir (una operación quirúrgica), o que se está desarrollando y surge un imprevisto (visita a Correos)

Phenolic compounds in extra virgin olive oil stimulate human osteoblastic cell proliferation

In this study, we aimed to clarify the effects of phenolic compounds and extracts from different extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) varieties obtained from fruits of different ripening stages on osteoblast cells (MG-63) proliferation. Cell proliferation was increased by hydroxytyrosol, luteolin, apigenin, p-coumaric, caffeic, and ferulic acids by approximately 11–16%, as compared with controls that were treated with one vehicle alone, while (+)-pinoresinol, oleuropein, sinapic, vanillic acid and derivative (vanillin) did not affect cell proliferation. All phenolic extracts stimulated MG-63 cell growth, and they induced higher cell proliferation rates than individual compounds. The most effective EVOO phenolic extracts were those obtained from the Picual variety, as they significantly increased cell proliferation by 18–22%. Conversely, Arbequina phenolic extracts increased cell proliferation by 9–13%. A decline in osteoblast proliferation was observed in oils obtained from olive fruits collected at the end of the harvest period, as their total phenolic content decreases at this late stage. Further research on the signaling pathways of olive oil phenolic compounds involved in the processes and their metabolism should be carried out to develop new interventions and adjuvant therapies using EVOO for bone health (i.e.osteoporosis) in adulthood and the elderly

Effect of olive oil phenolic compounds on osteoblast differentiation

"This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Melguizo-Rodríguez L., Manzano-Moreno F.J., De Luna-Bertos E., Rivas A., Ramos-Torrecillas J., Ruiz C., García-Martínez O. Effect of olive oil phenolic compounds on osteoblast differentiation. European Journal of Clinical Investigation, 2018; 48(4): 1-6, which has been published in final form at 10.1111/eci.12904. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions. This article may not be enhanced, enriched or otherwise transformed into a derivative work, without express permission from Wiley or by statutory rights under applicable legislation. Copyright notices must not be removed, obscured or modified. The article must be linked to Wiley’s version of record on Wiley Online Library and any embedding, framing or otherwise making available the article or pages thereof by third parties from platforms, services and websites other than Wiley Online Library must be prohibited."Background: Osteoporosis is a skeletal disorder characterized by compromised bone strength that predisposes individuals to an increased risk of fracture. Previous in vivo and in vitro studies have reported that phenolic compounds present in extra virgin olive oil have a beneficial effect on osteoblasts in terms of increase cell proliferation. The aim of this study was to determine whether phenolic compounds present in olive oil could modify the expression of cell differentiation markers on osteoblasts. Study Design: An in vitro experimental design was peformed using MG-63 osteoblasts cell line. Methods: MG63 cells were exposed to different doses of luteolin, apigenin, or p-coumaric, caffeic, or ferulic acid. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was evaluated by spectrophotometry and antigen expression (CD54, CD80, CD86, and HLA-DR) by flow cytometry. Results: At 24 h, treated groups showed an increased ALP and modulated antigen profile, with respect to the non-treated group. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that the phenolic compounds studied induce cell maturation in vitro, increasing ALP synthesis and reducing the expression of antigens involved in immune functions of the osteoblast which would improve bone density.GRUPO BIO-27

Variables socioemocionales y bienestar psicológico en personas mayores

The study of well-being is especially interesting in the case of the elderly, located at a vital time when limiting life in a quantitative sense is more evident, in which the disease and disorders are more likely to increase, and in which the quality of life years left to live and their promotion is essential (Satorres, 2013). The psychological well-being is a broad concept that includes social dimensions, subjective and psychological as well as behaviors related to health in general, that lead people to work in a positive way. The term happiness is too ambitious; however the individual subjective well-being (BIS) allows to measure the degree of happiness or satisfaction that, in general terms, predominates in each according to his own point of view. On the other hand, the constructive thought, in their different scales and facets, are in reality variables socio emotional functions which enables us to face the world and reality. The research group of the ULPGC INDEPSI has conducted an investigation to relate these two constructs (constructive thought and subjective wellbeing individual) in a group with ages between 57 and 87 years (n=96) who receive university studies for older, using for this purpose the inventory of constructive thought emotional (Epstein, 2012) and the questionnaire BIS-HERNAN (Hernández, 1996 and 2000) that measure different aspects of happiness. The results indicate that the factors that attaches the happiness and unhappiness are of a different nature; that there are significant differences (p smaller than 0.05) between the valuation of the past and future happiness in comparison with the present and that having a good emotional coping and little suspicion are significant predictors of happiness.El estudio del bienestar  es especialmente interesante en el caso de las personas mayores, situadas en un momento vital en el que la limitación de la vida en un sentido cuantitativo es más evidente, en el que la enfermedad y  las disfunciones tienen más probabilidad de aumento, y en el que la calidad de los años de vida que quedan por vivir y su promoción es fundamental (Satorres, 2013). El bienestar psicológico es un concepto amplio que incluye dimensiones sociales, subjetivas y psicológicas, así como comportamientos relacionados con la salud en general, que llevan a las personas a funcionar de un modo positivo. El término felicidad es demasiado ambicioso; sin embargo el Bienestar Subjetivo Individual (BIS) permite medir el grado de felicidad o de satisfacción que, en términos generales, predomina en cada uno según su propio punto de vista. Por otro lado, el pensamiento constructivo, en sus distintas escalas y facetas, son en realidad variables socioemocionales que nos permite afrontar el mundo y la realidad. El grupo de investigación INDEPSI de la ULPGC ha realizado un estudio para relacionar estos dos constructos (pensamiento constructivo y bienestar subjetivo individual) en  un grupo con edades comprendidas entre los 57 y 87 años, (n=96)  que reciben estudios universitarios para mayores, usando para ello el Inventario de Pensamiento Constructivo Emocional (Epstein, 2012) y el cuestionario BIS-HERNAN (Hernández, 1996 y 2000) que mide distintos aspectos de la felicidad. Los resultados  nos indican que los factores por los que se atribuye la felicidad y la infelicidad son de distinta naturaleza; que existen diferencias significativas (p menor que 0.05) entre la valoración de la felicidad pasada y futura en comparación con la actual,  y que tener un buen afrontamiento emocional y poca suspicacia son predictores significativos de la felicidad

Variables predictoras del estilo interpersonal en mediadores profesionales

The objective of this study is to know how personality factors and the cognitive-emotional variables predict different interpersonal styles in people who have studied specific mediation. For this purpose have been used as instruments the Inventory of Personality NEO PI-R(Costa y McCrae, 1978, Spanish adaptation, 1999), Molds test, Cognitive-Emotionals Strategies (Hernández-Guanir, 2010) and Interpersonal Styles Questionnaire (De Diego and Guillén, 2006). The study sample has been 32 mediators newly completed their university education at the Master in Family Mediation and Sociocommunity, of the ULPGC (University of Las Palmas of Gran Canaria) and ULL (University of La Laguna ). Multiple linear regressions analyses of data indicate , among others, that: Conciliatory style characterised by engage, involve and build bridges between the parties, comes anticipated by the mental mould of precision and supervision at the same time that the social attribution of success. Added way, Positivante Optimization, which is the tendency to evaluate positively or rentabilizadora transform failures into successes and benefits efforts predicts interpersonal style of Catchment , represented by actions such as inspire, motivate, and find a common ground between the parties. A personality in Opening is contrary to an interactive style of Firmness characterized by putting standards, demand or make judgments of others. These results show us that in the training of the professional mediator variables analysed, should be considered since the effectiveness of his actions, as a professional who facilitates people in conflict to find solutions to the same, in a neutral and impartial way depends on some personal characteristics and the usual ways in which a person interprets and faces the reality because - as it has been reflected - personality factors and the cognitive-emotional variables, along with interactive style, are decisive and interdependent elements.El objetivo de este trabajo es conocer cómo los factores de personalidad y las variables cognitivo- emocionales predicen los diferentes estilos interpersonales en personas que han cursado estudios específicos de Mediación. Para ello se han utilizado como instrumentos de medida el Inventario de Personalidad NEO PI-R (Costa y McCrae, 1978, adaptación española, 1999); el test Moldes, Estrategias Cognitivo-Emocionales (Hernández-Guanir, 2010) y el Cuestionario de Estilos Interpersonales (De Diego y Guillén, 2006). La muestra objeto de estudio han sido 32 mediadores que han cursado su formación universitaria en el Máster de Mediación Familiar y Sociocomunitaria, de la ULPGC y ULL. recientemente Los análisis de regresiones lineales múltiples de los datos nos indican, entre otros, que: el estilo Conciliador caracterizado por comprometer, implicar y tender puentes entre las partes, viene anticipado por el molde mental de precisión y supervisión a la vez que por la atribución social del éxito. De forma añadida, la Optimización Positivante, que supone la tendencia a evaluar positivamente o transformar de manera rentabilizadora los fracasos en éxitos y los esfuerzos en beneficios predice el estilo interpersonal de Captación, representado por actuaciones como inspirar, motivar, y buscar un terreno comúnentre las partes. Una personalidad en Apertura es contraria a un estilo interactivo de Firmeza caracterizado por poner normas, exigir o hacer juicios de los otros. Estos resultados nos señalan que en la formación del mediador profesional se deben tener en cuenta las variables analizadas, ya que la eficacia de su actuación, como profesional que de forma neutral e imparcial facilita que personas en conflicto encuentren soluciones al mismo, depende de algunas características personales y de las formas habituales en que una persona interpreta y afronta la realidad, pues–como ha quedado reflejado- los factores de personalidad y las variables cognitivo- emocionales, junto con el estilo interactivo, son elementos determinantes e interdependientes

The Effects of an Infant Formula Enriched with Milk Fat Globule Membrane, Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Synbiotics on Child Behavior up to 2.5 Years Old: The COGNIS Study

Although early life nutrition influences brain development and mental health, the long-term e ects of supplemented infant formula on children´s behavior remain unclear. We analyzed the e ects of a bioactive nutrients-enriched-infant formula on children’s behavior up to 2.5 years, compared to a standard infant formula or breastfeeding. Current analysis involved 70 children who were fed a standard infant formula (SF, n = 29) or a bioactive compounds enriched-infant formula (EF, n = 41), during their first 18 months of life, and 33 breastfed (BF) children (reference group) participating in the COGNIS study. Behavioral problems were evaluated using the Child Behavior Checklist at 18 months and 2.5 years. Di erent statistical analyses were performed using SPSS. EF children aged 2.5 years presented fewer pathological a ective problems than SF children. Besides, SF children were classified more frequently as bordering on internalizing problems than BF children. Rates of externalizing problems were increased in SF infants compared to EF and BF infants. Higher maternal IQ was found to have beneficial e ects on internalizing and total problem rate in their o spring at 18 months of life; finally, higher maternal educational level was related with fewer ADHD problems in children at 18 months, as well as internalizing, externalizing, total and anxiety problems in children aged 2.5 years. Our analysis suggests that enriched infant formula fed infants seem to show fewer behavioral problems up to 2.5 years compared to a standard infant formula-fed infants. In addition to type of early feeding, maternal IQ and educational level seem to play a key role on children behavioral development.Ordesa LaboratoriesS.L. Contract University of Granada General Foundation 3349SMARTFOODS (CIEN) Contract University of Granada General Foundation 4003Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and CompetitivenessHORIZON 2020 EU DynaHEALTH Project 633595Fundación Carolina, Madrid, SpainCatedra ORDESA-University of Granada, Spain as part of Special Issue "Early Nutrition and Re-programming of Health and Disease

Pattern of trunk diameter fluctuations of almond trees in deficit irrigation scheduling during the first seasons

Irrigation needs in mature almond orchards are very high. Although almond trees grow in rainfed conditions, the yield response is very sensitive to irrigation. Continuous monitoring of the water status could be an adequate tool to optimize deficit irrigation. In this sense, trunk diameter fluctuations appeared as a very promising indicator at the beginning of the century, but few data have been published. The aim of this work is to check threshold values of maximum daily shrikage (MDS) and identify possible limitations to their use in commercial orchards. The experiment was performed in a commercial farm in Dos Hermanas (Seville, Spain) during the 2017 season on a 7-years-old orchard (cv Vairo). The irrigation treatments were Control (100% ETc), sustained deficit irrigation (SDI) with a maximum seasonal irrigation of 100 mm and two regulated deficit treatments (RDI). Both RDI treatments (RDI-1 and RDI-2) were scheduled using the signal of maximum daily shrinkage (signal) and the midday stem water potential (SWP). In RDI-1, full irrigation conditions were provided before kernel filling and during postharvest, using the threshold values suggested in the bibliography. During kernel filling, the water stress level was designed to be -1.5 MPa (SWP) and 1.75 (signal). RDI-2 trees were irrigated using the same scheduling as RDI-1, but target water stress values were higher in kernel filling (-2 MPa and 2.75) and with a maximum seasonal amount of water of 100 mm. SWP in Control trees was near the McCutchan and Shackel baseline for most of the season. None of the deficit treatments reached the signal values suggested. Moreover, the signal values were almost equal between treatments, with no water stress effect. The trunk growth rate (TGR) presented clear differences depending on the water status

A more sustainable and efficient definition of Regulated Deficit Irrigation phases in olive (Olea europaea L.)

Resumen del trabajo presentado en 20th EGU General Assembly, clelebrada en Viena (Austria) del 04 al 13 de abril de 2018.Water is a limited but highly essential resource, with large quantities required for agriculture. Regulated Deficit Irrigation (RDI) is an agricultural technique with great relevance for water savings worldwide, in which water stress is imposed by irrigation withholding based on fruit growth phases. The objective of this method is to identify phases where water stress has little or no effect on yield. RDI in olive has been demonstrated as an efficient tool to save water without negatively affecting yield. In olive trees, the mid-summer “pit hardening” is recognized as the most drought-resistant phenological stage, and has been used successfully for RDI water savings even though neither the description, boundaries, nor length of the period have been cleared reported. Many studies merely utilize a constant reference date for pit hardening, providing no explanation regarding how it was estimated or measured, while a few cases report the resistant to a knife-cut as the proper method to identify hardening, but leave unclear whether it represents its onset or completion. Recent studies have addressed these uncertainties, better showing the nature and duration of olive pit hardening, to which RDI can now be fitted. The objective of this current work was to determine if a RDI strategy more precisely fitted to pit hardening influences yield. In Ciudad Real (Spain) in 2016 and 2017, four irrigation treatments were applied in an ‘Arbequina’ olive orchard planted at 7 x 4.75 m in 1999. Treatment T1 consisted in water stress during pit hardening, aiming to maintain stem water potential (SWP) of -2 MPa during this phase. Treatment T2 was severely water stressed, aimed at maintaining -3 MPa during the same phase. In the rest of the season, before and after pit hardening, both treatments were irrigated to prevent water stress. Additionally, a highly deficit treatment was established (T3), irrigated only after pit hardening was completed. A control treatment (T0), irrigated following FAO methodology, was established to determine potential yield. Irrigation water savings with respect to T0 were approximately 45%, 57%, and 77% for T1, T2, and T3, respectively. There were no significant yield differences among treatments, although 2017 was nearly significant (P = 0.06), as when both years were considered together, due to the low yield of T3. Average yields from the two years were 25, 24, 23 and 21 kg tree-1 in T0, T1, T2 and T3, respectively. In conclusion, basing RDI on a new, more precise definition of the pit hardening phase produces similar yields with higher water savings, with the consequent environmental, economic and energetic benefits.Peer reviewe

Leaf water relations in Diospyros kaki during a mild water deficit exposure

The resistance mechanisms (stress avoidance and stress tolerance) developed by persimmon plants (Diospyros kaki L. f. grafted on Diospyros lotus L.) in response to mild water stress and the sensitivity of continuously (on a whole-day basis) and discretely (at predawn and midday) measured indicators of the plant water status were investigated in 3-year old ‘Rojo Brillante’ persimmon plants. Control (T0) plants were drip irrigated in order to maintain soil water content at levels slightly above soil field capacity (102.3% of soil field capacity) and T1 plants were drip irrigated for 33 days in order to maintain the soil water content at around 80% of soil field capacity. The results indicated persimmon plants confront a mild water stress situation by gradually developing stomata control (stress avoidance mechanism) and exhibiting some xeromorphic characteristic such as high leaf relative apoplastic water content, which could contribute to the retention of water at low leaf water potentials. In addition, sap flow measurements made by the heat-pulse technique were seen to be the most suitable method for estimating persimmon water status, because it provided the highest signal intensity (actual value/reference value):noise (coefficient of variation) ratio in almost all intervals of time considered and provides continuous and automated registers of the persimmon water status in real time. © 2019 The AuthorsWe are grateful to the Arnau family from Explotaciones Ecológicas Harisa S.L. and Mr. J. Melgares from Oficina Comarcal Agraria Huerta de Murcia (Autonomous Comunity of the Region of Murcia) for all the help we have been given. AG and AJM acknowledge the postdoctoral financial support received from Ramón Areces Foundation and Juan de la Cierva program, respectively . IG is a predoctoral student at the Miguel Hernández University. Also, this work is a result of the PR internship (19925/IV/15) funded by the Seneca Foundation - Agency for Science and Technology in the Region of Murcia under the Jiménez de la Espada Program for Mobility, Cooperation and Internationalization.Peer reviewe