1,807 research outputs found
Forming and Dissolving Partnerships in Cooperative Game Situations
A group of players in a cooperative game are partners (e.g., as in the form of a union or a joint ownership) if the prospects for cooperation are restricted such that cooperation with players outside the partnership requires the accept of all the partners. The formation of such partnerships through binding agreements may change the game implying that players could have incentives to manipulate a game by forming or dissolving partnerships. The present paper seeks to explore the existence of allocation rules that are immune to this type of manipulation. An allocation rule that distributes the worth of the grand coalition among players, is called partnership formation-proof if it ensures that it is never jointly profitable for any group of players to form a partnership and partnership dissolution-proof if no group can ever profit from dissolving a partnership. The paper provides results on the existence of such allocation rules for general classes of games as well as more specific results concerning well known allocation rules.cooperative games; partnerships; partnership formation-proof; partnership dissolution-proof
Children and Adolescents with Primary TensionâType Headaches: Research and Practice Perspectives for Nonâ Pharmacological Interdisciplinary Headache Service
Background: Children and adolescents with frequent and chronic primary headaches are, with a prevalence of 2â23% depending on diagnosis, age, sex and frequency, a global health concern. Research on nonâpharmacological treatment outcomes is sparse. Headache service faces a challenge because possible sensitisation of pain pathways can affect outcomes leading to a delay in becoming symptom free or being cured
The challenge of consolation: nursesâ experiences with spiritual and existential care for the dying-a phenomenological hermeneutical study
-Background: A majority of people in Western Europe and the USA die in hospitals. Spiritual and existential care is
seen to be an integral component of holistic, compassionate and comprehensive palliative care. Yet, several studies
show that many nurses are anxious and uncertain about engaging in spiritual and existential care for the dying.
The aim of this study is to describe nursesâ experiences with spiritual and existential care for dying patients in a
general hospital.
Methods: Individual narrative interviews were conducted with nurses in a medical and oncological ward. Data
were analyzed using a phenomenological hermeneutical method.
Results: The nurses felt that it was challenging to uncover dying patientsâ spiritual and existential suffering, because
it usually emerged as elusive entanglements of physical, emotional, relational, spiritual and existential pain. The
nursesâ spiritual and existential care interventions were aimed at facilitating a peaceful and harmonious death. The
nurses strove to help patients accept dying, settle practical affairs and achieve reconciliation with their past, their
loved ones and with God. The nurses experienced that they had been able to convey consolation when they had
managed to help patients to find peace and reconciliation in the final stages of dying. This was experienced as rewarding
and fulfilling. The nurses experienced that it was emotionally challenging to be unable to relieve dying patientsâ spiritual
and existential anguish, because it activated feelings of professional helplessness and shortcomings.
Conclusions: Although spiritual and existential suffering at the end of life cannot be totally alleviated, nurses may ease
some of the existential and spiritual loneliness of dying by standing with their patients in their suffering. Further research
(qualitative as well as quantitative) is needed to uncover how nurses provide spiritual and existential care for
dying patients in everyday practice. Such research is an important and valuable knowledge supplement to
theoretical studies in this field.
Keywords: Nursesâ challenges, Spiritual, Existential, Care, Dying patients, Hospitals, Phenomenological
hermeneutica
A mobile hospice nurse teaching teamâs experience: training care workers in spiritual and existential care for the dying - a qualitative study
-Background
Nursing home and home care nursing staff must increasingly deal with palliative care challenges, due to cost cutting in specialized health care. Research indicates that a significant number of dying patients long for adequate spiritual and existential care. Several studies show that this is often a source of anxiety for care workers. Teaching care workers to alleviate dying patientsâ spiritual and existential suffering is therefore important. The aim of this study is to illuminate a pioneering Norwegian mobile hospice nurse teaching teamâs experience with teaching and training care workers in spiritual and existential care for the dying in nursing homes and home care settings.
Methods
The team of expert hospice nurses participated in a focus group interview. Data were analyzed using a phenomenological hermeneutical method.
Results
The mobile teaching team taught care workers to identify spiritual and existential suffering, initiate existential and spiritual conversations and convey consolation through active presencing and silence. The team members transferred their personal spiritual and existential care knowledge through situated âbedside teachingâ and reflective dialogues. âThe mobile teaching team perceived that the care workers benefitted from the situated teaching because they observed that care workers became more courageous in addressing dying patientsâ spiritual and existential suffering.
Discussion
Educational research supports these results. Studies show that efficient workplace teaching schemes allowexpert practitioners to teach staff to integrate several different knowledge forms and skills, applying a holisticknowledge approach. One of the features of workplace learning is that expert nurses are able to guide novices through the complexities of practice. Situated learning is therefore central for becoming proficient.
Conclusions
Situated bedside teaching provided by expert mobile hospice nurses may be an efficient way to develop care workersâ courage and competency to provide spiritual and existential end-of-life-care. Further research is recommended on the use of mobile expert nurse teaching teams to improve nursing competency in the primary health care sector.
Keywords: Palliative spiritual care; Primary health care; Staff training; Phenomenological hermeneutica
Engelsk i sammenhĂŚng â skriftligt engelsk i det nye gymnasium
Den status engelsk har i samfundet generelt og i ungdomskulturen i sĂŚrdeleshed, giver naturligvis faget enestaĚende muligheder ikke mindst i det almene gymnasium (STX). (...
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