1,441 research outputs found
Les conditions de vie de la population haïtienne après le séisme : un diagnostic nécessaire
Unconventional Metallic Magnetism in LaCrSb{3}
Neutron-diffraction measurements in LaCrSb{3} show a coexistence of
ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic sublattices below Tc=126 K, with ordered
moments of 1.65(4) and 0.49(4) Bohr magnetons per formula unit, respectively
(T=10 K), and a spin reorientation transition at ~95 K. No clear peak or step
was observed in the specific heat at Tc. Coexisting localized and itinerant
spins are suggested.Comment: PRL, in pres
The non-indigenous Paranthura japonica Richardson, 1909 in the Mediterranean Sea: travelling with shellfish?
An anthurid isopod new to the Mediterranean Sea has recently been observed in samples from three localities of the Italian coast: the Lagoon of Venice (North Adriatic Sea), La Spezia (Ligurian Sea) and Olbia (Sardinia, Tyrrhenian Sea). The specimens collected showed strong affinity to a species originally described from the NW Pacific Ocean: Paranthura japonica Richardson, 1909. The comparison with specimens collected from the Bay of Arcachon (Atlantic coast of France), where P. japonica had been recently reported as non-indigenous, confirmed the identity of the species. This paper reports the most relevant morphological details of the Italian specimens, data on the current distribution of the species and a discussion on the pathways responsible for its introduction. The available data suggest that the presence of this Pacific isopod in several regions of coastal Europe might be due to a series of aquaculture-mediated introduction events that occurred during the last decades of the 1900s. Since then, established populations of P. japonica, probably misidentified, remained unnoticed for a long time
The relationship between sulfur metabolism and tolerance of hexavalent chromium in Scenedesmus acutus (Spheropleales): Role of ATP sulfurylase
Sulfur availability and the end products of its metabolism, cysteine, glutathione and phytochelatins, play an important role in heavy metal tolerance, chromium included. Sulfate and chromate not only compete for the transporters but also for assimilation enzymes and chromium tolerance in various organisms has been associated to differences in this pathway. We investigated the mechanisms of Cr(VI)-tolerance increase induced by S-starvation focusing on the role of ATP sulfurylase (ATS) in two strains of Scenedesmus acutus with different chromium sensitivity. S-starvation enhances the defence potential by increasing sulfate uptake/assimilation and decreasing chromium uptake, thus suggesting a change in the transport system. We isolated two isoforms of the enzyme, SaATS1 and SaATS2, with different sensitivity to sulfur availability, and analysed them in S-sufficient and S-replete condition both in standard and in chromium supplemented medium. SaATS2 expression is different in the two strains and presumably marks a different sulfur perception/exploitation in the Cr-tolerant. Its induction and silencing are compatible with a role in the transient tolerance increase induced by S-starvation. This enzyme can however hardly be responsible for the large cysteine production of the Cr-tolerant strain after starvation, suggesting that cytosolic rather than chloroplastic cysteine production is differently regulated in the two strains
Proximity-induced ferromagnetism and chemical reactivity in few-layer VSe2 heterostructures
Among transition-metal dichalcogenides, mono and few-layers thick VSe2 has gained much recent attention following claims of intrinsic room-temperature ferromagnetism in this system, which have nonetheless proved controversial. Here, we address the magnetic and chemical properties of Fe/VSe2 heterostructure by combining element sensitive x-ray absorption spectroscopy and photoemission spectroscopy. Our x-ray magnetic circular dichroism results confirm recent findings that both native mono/few-layer and bulk VSe2 do not show intrinsic ferromagnetic ordering. Nonetheless, we find that ferromagnetism can be induced, even at room temperature, after coupling with a Fe thin film layer, with antiparallel alignment of the moment on the V with respect to Fe. We further consider the chemical reactivity at the Fe/VSe2 interface and its relation with interfacial magnetic coupling
Electron correlation in C_(4N+2) carbon rings: aromatic vs. dimerized structures
The electronic structure of C_(4N+2) carbon rings exhibits competing
many-body effects of Huckel aromaticity, second-order Jahn-Teller and Peierls
instability at large sizes. This leads to possible ground state structures with
aromatic, bond angle or bond length alternated geometry. Highly accurate
quantum Monte Carlo results indicate the existence of a crossover between C_10
and C_14 from bond angle to bond length alternation. The aromatic isomer is
always a transition state. The driving mechanism is the second-order
Jahn-Teller effect which keeps the gap open at all sizes.Comment: Submitted for publication: 4 pages, 3 figures. Corrected figure
K-edge X-ray absorption spectra in transition metal oxides beyond the single particle approximation: shake-up many body effects
The near edge structure (XANES) in K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS)
is a widely used tool for studying electronic and local structure in materials.
The precise interpretation of these spectra with the help of calculations is
hence of prime importance, especially for the study of correlated materials
which have a complicated electronic structure per se. The single particle
approach, for example, has generally limited itself to the dominant dipolar
cross-section. It has long been known however that effects beyond this approach
should be taken into account, both due to the inadequacy of such calculations
when compared to experiment and the presence of shake-up many-body satellites
in core-level photoemission spectra of correlated materials. This effect should
manifest itself in XANES spectra and the question is firstly how to account for
it theoretically and secondly how to verify it experimentally. By using
state-of-the-art first principles electronic structure calculations and 1s
photoemission measurements we demonstrate that shake-up many-body effects are
present in K-edge XAS dipolar spectra of NiO, CoO and CuO at all energy scales.
We show that shake-up effects can be included in K-edge XAS spectra in a simple
way by convoluting the single-particle first-principles calculations including
core-hole effects with the 1s photoemission spectra. We thus describe all
features appearing in the XAS dipolar cross-section of NiO and CoO and obtain a
dramatic improvement with respect to the single-particle calculation in CuO.
These materials being prototype correlated magnetic oxides, our work points to
the presence of shake-up effects in K-edge XANES of most correlated transition
metal compounds and shows how to account for them, paving the way to a precise
understanding of their electronic structure.Comment: 6 pages, 4 picture
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