Differential Expression of miRNAs and Their Predicted Target Genes Indicates That Gene Expression in Atlantic Salmon Gill Is Post-Transcriptionally Regulated by miRNAs in the Parr-Smolt Transformation and Adaptation to Sea Water

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Oxidized Dietary Oil, High in Omega-3 and Omega-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, Induces Antioxidant Responses in a Human Intestinal HT29 Cell Line

When oxidized, dietary oils generate products which have the potential to cause adverse effects on human health. The objective of the study was to investigate whether lipid oxidation products in an oxidized dietary oil can be taken up in intestinal cells, induce antioxidant stress responses and potentially be harmful. The in vitro cell model HT29 was exposed to camelina oil with different extents of oxidation, or only 4-hydroxy-2-hexenal (HHE) or 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE). The cellular content of HHE increased with an increasing extent of oxidation of the camelina oil added to the cell’s growth media, whereas HNE did not show a similar trend. Deuterated HHE was taken up by the HT29 cells, with 140 μM HHE metabolized within 0.5–1 h. The low oxidation degree of the camelina oil increased the gene expression of antioxidant markers (GPX, ATF6, XBP1). The increase in the gene expression of SOD at medium oxidation levels of the oil might indicate different regulation mechanisms. Highly oxidized camelina oil and a low concentration of HHE, over time, induced SOD and catalase enzyme activity in HT29 cells. Oxidized camelina oil contains multiple oxidation products which can be responsible for the intracellular responses observed in HT29 cells, while HHE and HNE in combination with other oxidation products induce antioxidant defence responses.publishedVersio

PENINGKATAN KETERAMPILAN BERPIKIR KREATIF DAN KETERAMPILAN PROSES SAINS SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR MELALUI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS MASALAH

Penelitian ini didasarkan pada masih rendahnya kualitas pembelajaran di SD dalam mengimplementasikan pembelajaran yang dapat meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kreatif dan keterampilan proses sains. Berdasarkan alasan tersebut tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mendeskripsikan apakah data peningkatan keterampilan berpikir kreatif dan keterampilan proses sains siswa yang mendapatkan pembelajaran berbasis masalah (PBM) lebih baik dibandingkan siswa yang mendapatkan pembelajaran bukan PBM. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu quasi eksperiment dengan desain pre- and post test design. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di kelas V salah satu sekolah dasar negeri di Kabupaten Majalengka pada tahun ajaran 2014/2015 dengan subjek penelitian sebanyak 24 siswa kelas eksperimen dan 24 siswa kelas kontrol. Kelas ekperimen diberi perlakuan PBM, sedangkan kelas kontrol dengan bukan PBM. Kedua kelompok diberikan pre test dan post test dengan menggunakan instrumen tes yang sama. Instrumen yang digunakan terdiri atas butir soal uraian untuk mengukur keterampilan berpikir kreatif, soal pilihan ganda untuk mengukur keterampilan proses sains, dan lembar observasi untuk melihat keterlaksanaan pembelajaran. Data pre test dan post test diolah menggunakan bantuan program SPSS 20 for Windows. Hasil analisis data menunjukan bahwa keterampilan berpikir kreatif dan keterampilan proses sains pada kelas eksperimen baik secara keseluruhan maupun pada setiap indikatornya mengalami peningkatan yang lebih baik dibanding siswa kelas kontrol. Adapun peningkatan secara keseluruhan untuk keterampilan berpikir kreatif yaitu sebesar 0,58 sedangkan peningkatan keterampilan proses sains yaitu sebesar 0,56 dimana keduanya berada pada kategori sedang. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa peningkatan keterampilan berpikir kreatif dan keterampilan proses siswa yang mendapatkan pembelajaran berbasis masalah (PBM) lebih baik dibandingkan siswa yang mendapatkan pembelajaran bukan PBM. ---------- This study based on education in elementary school is still low in implementing creative thinking ability and science process ability. Based on these reason, the purpose of this research to describe an overview of the impact of problem based learning on creative thinking ability and science process ability. To a chieve these objektive the study used quasi exsperimental method with pre and post test design. The subjek were students of class V in Majalengka one vocational school year 2014/2015. Which 24 student in experimental class and 24 student in control class. In this design, the exsperimental class treated with problem based learning, whereas the untreated control class non problem based learning. Both groups were given a pre-test and post-test using the same test instruments. The instrument used consisted of items description for measuring creative thinking skills, multiple choice questions to measure the science process skills, and the observation sheet to see the feasibility study. Pre-test and post test is processed using SPSS 20 for Windows. The results showed the impact of problem based learning can improve creative thinking ability (N-gain 0,58) and science process ability (N-gain 0,56). Results of this study can be concluded that an increase in creative thinking skills ability and science process ability of the students who received problem-based learning was better than the students who get non problem based learning

Dietary Level of the Omega-3 Fatty Acids EPA and DHA Influence the Flesh Pigmentation in Atlantic Salmon

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Welfare and performance of ballan wrasse (Labrus bergylta) reared at two different temperatures after a preparatory feeding trial with enhanced dietary eicosapentaenoic acid

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Improved fillet quality in harvest-size Atlantic salmon fed high n-3 canola oil as a DHA-source

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Different Dietary Ratios of Camelina Oil to Sandeel Oil Influence the Capacity to Synthesise and Deposit EPA and DHA in Zucker Fa/Fa Rats

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A guide to assess the use of gene editing in aquaculture

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Dietary Fish Oil Alters DNA Methylation of Genes Involved in Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Biosynthesis in Muscle and Liver of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)

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Omega-3 canola oil effectively replaces fish oil as a new safe dietary source of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in feed for juvenile Atlantic salmon

Limited availability of fish oils (FO), rich in n-3 long-chain (≥C20) PUFA, is a major constraint for further growth of the aquaculture industry. Long-chain n-3 rich oils from crops GM with algal genes are promising new sources for the industry. This project studied the use of a newly developed n-3 canola oil (DHA-CA) in diets of Atlantic salmon fingerlings in freshwater. The DHA-CA oil has high proportions of the n-3 fatty acids (FA) 18 : 3n-3 and DHA and lower proportions of n-6 FA than conventional plant oils. Levels of phytosterols, vitamin E and minerals in the DHA-CA were within the natural variation of commercial canola oils. Pesticides, mycotoxins, polyaromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metals were below lowest qualifiable concentration. Two feeding trials were conducted to evaluate effects of two dietary levels of DHA-CA compared with two dietary levels of FO at two water temperatures. Fish increased their weight approximately 20-fold at 16°C and 12-fold at 12°C during the experimental periods, with equal growth in salmon fed the FO diets compared with DHA-CA diets. Salmon fed DHA-CA diets had approximately the same EPA+DHA content in whole body as salmon fed FO diets. Gene expression, lipid composition and oxidative stress-related enzyme activities showed only minor differences between the dietary groups, and the effects were mostly a result of dietary oil level, rather than the oil source. The results demonstrated that DHA-CA is a safe and effective replacement for FO in diets of Atlantic salmon during the sensitive fingerling life-stage.acceptedVersio