The Pareto Distribution of World’s GDP

The problem of wealth distribution has gathered the attention of researchers for many years. In their work, the researchers are mainly engaged in the issue of distribution of wealth between individuals by analyzing empirical results at the country level, or specific lists that particular organization form like the Forbes list. Research are also increasingly directed toward the analysis of new models such as Boltzmann Gibbs or application of Gama function that describes this distribution. An interesting issue is the analysis of the distribution of wealth among the countries themselves. In these works, the value of GDP is used as the wealth that country has. In this article, the author dealt with the analysis of the distribution of GDP between countries at the global level. Analysis were performed using the Pareto distribution model of wealth distribution and GINI coefficient based on the data of the value of GDP for countries from IMF estimation. The analysis was conducted for the period from 1980 to the present, as well as analysis of data provided by IMF estimates for the value of GDP by 2022. The goal is to determine the degree of uneven distribution between the countries themselves in the world, analyzing the dynamics of change in the degree of unevenness and an analysis of the degree of unevenness in the future based on forecasts of the IMF on the values of countries GDP. The author also wanted to test if Pareto's 80/20 rule applies when it comes to the distribution of GDP at world level.     Keywords: GDP, distribution of wealth, IMF, Pareto distribution, GINI coefficien

Uticaj zastupljenosti kadmijuma i arsena u obroku na proizvodne i reproduktivne osobine koza

Animals require microelements in small quantities, and they play a role in virtually all physiological and biochemical processes. The role of microelements is important role from bone structure to maintaining the structure of proteins and lipids. Microelements are provided to animals in food, by special supplementation (premixes), or in water. In addition to essential minerals, which are regularly used in goat nutrition, there are 10 other elements present in traces (mg/kg or ppm) which are also indispensable for the goat's organism, as follows: Fe, J, Cu, Zn, Mn, Co, Mo, Se, Cr, F. In addition to these, following elements have also been identified in goats' tissues: Al, B, Ge, Cd, As, Pb, Hg, Ru, and Nb, however their significance for the organism of goats has still not been established. Their lack in goat nutrition may to a large extent contribute to lower yields and bad health.Mikroelementi su životinjama potrebni u malim količinama i učestvuju u skoro svim fiziološkim i biohemijskim procesima. Počev od strukture kostiju pa do održavanja strukture proteina i lipida, mikroelementi igraju važnu ulogu. Obezbeđenje životinja sa mikroelementima obavlja se putem hrane, posebnim dodavanjem (putem predsmeša) ili putem vode. U intenzivnoj proizvodnji njihovo dodavanje je obavezno, jer se samo tako mogu obezbediti u dovoljnim količinama za optimalno zdravstveno stanje i proizvodne rezultate. Osim esencijalnih minerala, koji se redovno koriste u ishrani koza, postoji još 10 elemenata prisutnih u tragovima (mg/kg ili ppm) koji su takođe, neophodni za organizam koza, a to su: Fe, J, Cu, Zn, Mn, Co, Mo, Se, Cr, F. Pored navedenih, u tkivima koza identifikovani su još i: Al, B, Ge, Cd, As, Pb, Hg, Ru, i Nb, za koje još nije utvrđeno u kojoj su meri neophodni u organizmu koza. Njihov nedostatak u ishrani koza u velikoj meri može doprineti nižoj proizvodnji i lošem zdravstvenom stanju

Analiza spoljnih i genetskih faktora u osobinama porasta balkanske koze

Research was conducted on animals of Balkan goat breed. The impact of environmental factors on the weight of kids was analyzed, and also the value of genetic parameters of growth traits of kids to weaning had been examined. The body weight of kids varied depending on the year from 2.27±0.09 kg to 2.43±0.08 kg at birth and 10.81±0.58 kg to 11.13±0.51 kg at weaning. Variations depending on the season, ranged from 2.24±0.09 kg to 2.51±0.05 kg. Sex also had an impact because the male kids had higher weight of 0.12 kg at birth and 0.20 kg at weaning. All differences caused by environmental factors were statistically significant (P (lt) 0.01). Single born kids in comparison with twin born kids had higher birth weight by 0.22 kg at birth and 0.37 kg in weaning. The differences were statistically significant (P (lt) 0.01). It is a known fact that the increase in litter size influences decrease in body weight of kids. We also found that the weight at birth is associated with body weight at weaning. Heritability for growth traits observed moving in the range of low values from 0.102 ± 0.039 to 0.153 ± 0.041. Repeatability of the observed traits varied from low to medium values in the interval from 0.118 ± 0.030 to 0.528 ± 0025.Istraživanje je sprovedeno kod balkanske rase koza. Izvršena je analiza uticaja spoljnih faktora na težinu jaradi , a takođe je ispitivana vrednost genetskih parametara osobina porasta do odbijanja.Telesna masa jaradi u zavisnosti od zavisi od godine varira od 2,27 ± 0,09 kg do 2.43 ± 0.08 kg na rođenju i 10.81 ± 0.58 kg do 11.13 ± 0.51 kg pri odlučivanju. Varijacije u zavisnosti od sezone, kreću se u rasponu od 2.24 ± 0.09 kg do 2,51 ± 0.05 kg. Pol je takođe imao uticaj, jer su muška jarad imala veću težinu za 0,12 kg na rođenju i 0.20 kg pri odlučivanju. Sve razlike izazvane faktorima okoline bile su statistički značajne (P (lt) 0,01). Jarad rođena kao jedinci u poređenju sa blizancima imaju više porođajne težine za 0,22 kg na rođenju. Takođe su u prednosti i za 0.37 kg pri odbijanju. Razlike je statistički značajna (P (lt) 0,01). To je poznata činjenica da povećanje veličine legla, smanjuje telesnu masu jaradi. Takođe smo ustanovili da masa na rođenju je povezana sa telesnom masom pri odlučivanju. Heritabilnost za osobine porasta se kreće u rasponu od 0,102 ± 0,039 do 0,153 ± 0,041. Ponovljivost posmatranih osobina varira od niskih do srednjih vrednosti u intervalu od 0.118 do 0.528 ± 0.030 0025 ±

The Impact of EU Norms and Policies on Consumer Protection Enforcement in Serbia

Pursuant to its 2008 Stabilization and Association Agreement governing the process of EU integration, Serbia is obliged to align its consumer protection standards (including those related to enforcement) with those of the EU. This article considers the overall approach to enforcement of consumer law in Serbia, focussing in particular on the extent to which EU enforcement principles have been successfully exported to Serbia and whether the goals of EU consumer policy have been achieved. It argues that the incorporation of EU norms has brought fundamental changes to Serbian enforcement mechanisms at a formal level, such as in relation to mediation processes as well as the introduction of injunctions for the protection of collective consumer interests. In practice, however, the impact of this incorporation is quite limited. A number of factors that restrict the practical effectiveness of the mediation processes and injunctions required by EU law are explored in the article, including weak sanctions, excessive reliance on poorly resourced consumer organizations, absence of a business culture of compliance or a sophisticated and determined consumer protection enforcement culture sufficiently grounded in expertise, as well as an overarching political, legislative, and institutional instability. These factors also undermine the general aim of EU policy to achieve effective consumer protection enforcement in the Serbian context

Comparation of mechanical behaviour of SiC sintered specimen to analysis of surface defects

This research examined SiC sintered specimens with high hardness and strength. This material is used to protect of projectile impact for military purposes. The testing procedure consists of structure examination obtained using XRD analysis, surface examination by SEM analysis and optical microscopy, examination of mechanical properties and density determination. Analysis confirmed surface irregularities characterized using image analysis. The sample is subjected to bending. Finite element modeling was used to simulate the behavior of sample subjected to bending in presence of critical damage on surface. It is confirmed that there is correlation between the largest irregularities determined on surface and measured strength of sample. Simulations show the significance of damage size. The size of damage on surface is considered to be the critical parameter for quality determination.Program and the book of abstracts available at: [https://dais.sanu.ac.rs/handle/123456789/175

On the Bohr inequality

The Bohr inequality, first introduced by Harald Bohr in 1914, deals with finding the largest radius $r$, $0<r<1$, such that $\sum_{n=0}^\infty |a_n|r^n \leq 1$ holds whenever $|\sum_{n=0}^\infty a_nz^n|\leq 1$ in the unit disk $\mathbb{D}$ of the complex plane. The exact value of this largest radius, known as the \emph{Bohr radius}, has been established to be $1/3.$ This paper surveys recent advances and generalizations on the Bohr inequality. It discusses the Bohr radius for certain power series in $\mathbb{D},$ as well as for analytic functions from $\mathbb{D}$ into particular domains. These domains include the punctured unit disk, the exterior of the closed unit disk, and concave wedge-domains. The analogous Bohr radius is also studied for harmonic and starlike logharmonic mappings in $\mathbb{D}.$ The Bohr phenomenon which is described in terms of the Euclidean distance is further investigated using the spherical chordal metric and the hyperbolic metric. The exposition concludes with a discussion on the $n$-dimensional Bohr radius

Quinones and non-quinones from the defensive secretion of unciger transsilvanicus (Verhoeff, 1899) (diplopoda, julida, julidae), from Serbia

A complex mixture of compounds was identified from the secretion of specimens of Unciger transsilvanicus. Phenol and p-cresol were detected for the first time in the family Julidae, and for the second time in the order Julida. Thirteen quinones were identified, with a great relative abundance of toloquinone and 2-methoxy-3-methyl- 1,4-benzoquinone. Hydroquinone was detected for the first time in the order Julida. Besides these compounds, isopentyl hexacosatetraenoate and isopentyl esters of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids with chain lengths from C-14 to C(20)were identified. The most abundant non-quinone compound was isopentyl eicosenoate. The relative abundance of quinone and non-quinone in the defensive fluid of U transsilvanicus was 77% and 23%, respectively. The phylogenetic importance of the registered compounds is briefly discussed