Clinimetrics

'Clinimetrics' is the term introduced by Alvan R. Feinstein in the early 1980s to indicate a domain concerned with indexes, rating scales and other expressions that are used to describe or measure symptoms, physical signs and other clinical phenomena. Clinimetrics has a set of rules that govern the structure of indexes, the choice of component variables, the evaluation of consistency, validity and responsiveness. This review illustrates how clinimetrics may help expanding the narrow range of information that is currently used in clinical science. It will focus on characteristics and types of clinimetric indexes and their current use. The clinimetric perspective provides an intellectual home for clinical judgment, whose implementation is likely to improve outcomes both in clinical research and practice

Fluencia en materiales refractarios

Los materiales refractarios son ampliamente utilizados en diversos sectores industriales en virtud de sus excelentes propiedades y desempeño en ambientes agresivos. Sin embargo, a pesar de que la resistencia a la deformación por fluencia es una de las propiedades más importantes para la selección de esta clase de materiales, son pocos los trabajos abocados al entendimiento de los principios básicos y tecnológicos de su rendimiento a altas temperaturas. En este contexto, este trabajo aborda: 1) los mecanismos de fluencia, 2) los modelos matemáticos propuestos para el análisis y previsión de la deformación por fluencia a alta temperatura, 3) procedimientos técnicos y ensayos experimentales y 4) un análisis crítico de algunos aspectos básicos y prácticos, considerando la literatura disponible sobre el tema. A partir de la información recolectada, se considera que los modelos matemáticos (como el concepto de Proyección θ) constituyen una poderosa herramienta para la previsión del comportamiento a la fluencia de los refractarios, ayudando en la identificación de los principales mecanismos de fluencia de estos materiales e induciendo al desarrollo de composiciones optimizadas para atender las necesidades de sus usuarios finales.Refractory materials are widely used in various industrial fields due to their outstanding properties and performance in aggressive environments. However, although creep resistance is one of the most important properties for the selection of these materials, few researches were carried out focused on the fundamentals and technological understanding of their performance at high temperatures. In this context, this work addresses: 1) the creep mechanisms, 2) the mathematical models proposed for the analysis and to forecast the creep deformation at high temperature, 3) technical procedures and experimental testing, and 4) a critical analysis of some basic and practical aspects considering the literature available on this issue. Based on the collected information, mathematical models (such as the Projection θ concept) were considered as a powerful tool for the prediction of the refractories’ creep behavior, helping to identify the main creep mechanisms in these materials and to induce the development of optimized compositions able to attend the end-users requirements.Fil: Tomba Martinez, Analia Gladys. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico - CONICET - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigación en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales (i); Argentina;Fil: Luz, A. P.. Universidade Federal de São Carlos. Departamento de Engenharia de Materiais; Brasil;Fil: Pandolfelli, V. C.. Universidade Federal de São Carlos. Departamento de Engenharia de Materiais; Brasil

Effects of gradual discontinuation of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in panic disorder with agoraphobia.

The aim of this investigation was to explore the prevalence and features of discontinuation syndromes ensuing with gradual tapering of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), in optimal clinical conditions in patients with panic disorder and agoraphobia. Twenty-six consecutive outpatients met the DSM-IV criteria for panic disorder and agoraphobia while taking SSRIs. Twenty remitted upon behavioural treatment. Antidepressant drugs were then tapered at the slowest possible pace and with appropriate patient education. Patients were assessed with the Discontinuation-Emergent Signs and Symptoms (DESS) checklist 2 wk, 1 month and 1 yr after discontinuation. Nine of the 20 patients (45%) experienced a discontinuation syndrome, which subsided within a month in all but three patients who had been taking paroxetine for a long time. Discontinuation syndromes appeared to be fairly common even when performed with slow tapering and during clinical remission. In some cases disturbances persisted for months after discontinuation

Repensar la publicidad del siglo XX desde una perspectiva socio-histórica

Desde los primeros escritos que marcaban el fin de la prehistoria hasta los mensajes detexto que hoy enviamos por celular, llevan en su esencia parte de nuestra cultura y la formaen que percibimos y comprendemos el mundo. En las piezas publicitarias esto se evidenciade forma concentrada, ya que nuestra vida está intermediada por productos y servicios. Lapublicidad es una expresión social que influye en la construcción de la realidad y refleja lacosmovisión de una sociedad en un tiempo y espacio determinado. Sucede que al revisar lahistoria de la publicidad se pueden adoptar dos perspectivas: la primera, responde a unavisión formal y clásica, en la cual predominan los aspectos técnicos y el análisis devariables rígidas. La segunda propone entender la evolución publicitaria como resultado dela interacción entre lo social, lo económico, lo político, lo cultural y lo ideológico. Esta es lalínea de pensamiento que guiará nuestro trabajo de investigación

Drosophila Lethal Giant Larvae Neoplastic Mutant as a Genetic Tool for Cancer Modeling

Drosophila lethal giant larvae (lgl) is a tumour suppressor gene whose function in establishing apical-basal cell polarity as well as in exerting proliferation control in epithelial tissues is conserved between flies and mammals. Individuals bearing lgl null mutations show a gradual loss of tissue architecture and an extended larval life in which cell proliferation never ceases and no differentiation occurs, resulting in prepupal lethality. When tissues from those individuals are transplanted into adult normal recipients, a subset of cells, possibly the cancer stem units, are again able to proliferate and give rise to metastases which migrate to distant sites killing the host. This phenotype closely resembles that of mammalian epithelial cancers, in which loss of cell polarity is one of the hallmarks of a malignant, metastatic behaviour associated with poor prognosis. Lgl protein shares with its human counterpart Human giant larvae-1 (Hugl-1) significant stretches of sequence similarity that we demonstrated to translate into a complete functional conservation, pointing out a role in cell proliferation control and tumorigenesis also for the human homologue. The functional conservation and the power of fly genetics, that allows the researcher to manipulate the fly genome at a level of precision that exceeds that of any other multicellular genetic system, make this Drosophila mutant a very suitable model in which to investigate the mechanisms underlying epithelial tumour formation, progression and metastatisation. In this review, we will summarise the results obtained in these later years using this model for the study of cancer biology. Moreover, we will discuss how recent advances in developmental genetics techniques have succeeded in enhancing the similarities between fly and human tumorigenesis, giving Drosophila a pivotal role in the study of such a complex genetic disease

Vastus Lateralis Muscle's Characterization on bedridden patients: a Time Domain fNIRS study

The vastus lateralis muscle was characterized by means of time-domain near infrared spectroscopy on 28 bedridden elderly patients. Optical and hemodynamics parameters were evaluated together with age, adipose tissue thickness and pennation angle

Predicting the influence of a p2-symmetric substrate on molecular self-organization with an interaction-site model

An interaction-site model can a priori predict molecular selforganisation on a new substrate in Monte Carlo simulations. This is experimentally confirmed with scanning tunnelling microscopy on Fre´chet dendrons of a pentacontane template. Local and global ordering motifs, inclusion molecules and a rotated unit cell are correctly predicted