Geometric Characterizations of the Kerr Isolated Horizon

We formulate conditions on the geometry of a non-expanding horizon $\Delta$ which are sufficient for the space-time metric to coincide on $\Delta$ with the Kerr metric. We introduce an invariant which can be used as a measure of how different the geometry of a given non-expanding horizon is from the geometry of the Kerr horizon. Directly, our results concern the space-time metric at \IH at the zeroth and the first orders. Combained with the results of Ashtekar, Beetle and Lewandowski, our conditions can be used to compare the space-time geometry at the non-expanding horizon with that of Kerr to every order. The results should be useful to numerical relativity in analyzing the sense in which the final black hole horizon produced by a collapse or a merger approaches the Kerr horizon.Comment: 11 pages, relevance of the results for the numerical relativity explained, mistakes correcte

Can mouse clicking be seen as involvement in armed conflict? Some notes on the direct participation in hostilities in cyberspace

Contemporary armed conflicts are increasingly based on new technologies. These technologies enable to conduct hostilities from a distance, often eliminate the human factor from the battlefield. Nowadays, cyberspace created by the Internet allows to frame the idea of armed conflict outside the traditional recognition of the fight between belligerent armed forces. This article addresses issues of the direct participation of hostilities in cyberspace. In the first part it discusses technological development and its impact on the activation of the civil factor during armed conflicts. In the second part by analysing the current practice of cyber conflicts it refers to the concept of direct participation in hostilities and its constituent elements as a threshold of harm, direct causation, belligerent nexus at the cybernetic level. The third and final part examines the possibility of the loss of protection, in particular, it addresses the issues related to its temporal nature and the question of means and methods of attacking civilians involved in cyber warfare.Contemporary armed conflicts are increasingly based on new technologies. These technologies enable to conduct hostilities from a distance, often eliminate the human factor from the battlefield. Nowadays, cyberspace created by the Internet allows to frame the idea of armed conflict outside the traditional recognition of the fight between belligerent armed forces. This article addresses issues of the direct participation of hostilities in cyberspace. In the first part it discusses technological development and its impact on the activation of the civil factor during armed conflicts. In the second part by analysing the current practice of cyber conflicts it refers to the concept of direct participation in hostilities and its constituent elements as a threshold of harm, direct causation, belligerent nexus at the cybernetic level. The third and final part examines the possibility of the loss of protection, in particular, it addresses the issues related to its temporal nature and the question of means and methods of attacking civilians involved in cyber warfare

Extremal Isolated Horizons: A Local Uniqueness Theorem

We derive all the axi-symmetric, vacuum and electrovac extremal isolated horizons. It turns out that for every horizon in this class, the induced metric tensor, the rotation 1-form potential and the pullback of the electromagnetic field necessarily coincide with those induced by the monopolar, extremal Kerr-Newman solution on the event horizon. We also discuss the general case of a symmetric, extremal isolated horizon. In particular, we analyze the case of a two-dimensional symmetry group generated by two null vector fields. Its relevance to the classification of all the symmetric isolated horizons, including the non-extremal once, is explained.Comment: 22 pages, page size changed, typos and equations (142), (143a) corrected, PACS number adde

Human Activity Detection Based on the iBeacon Technology

Paper presents a new method of patient activity monitoring, by using modern ADL (Activities of Daily Living) techniques. Proposed method utilizes energy efficient Bluetooth iBeacon BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy) modules, developed by Apple. Main advantage of this technology is the ability to detect neighboring devices, which belong to the same device family. Proposed method is based on observing changes of received signal strength indicator (RSSI) in the time domain. The RSSI analysis is performed in order to asses a human activity. Such observation may be particularly useful for monitoring consciousness of elder people, where reaction time of emergency rescuers and appropriate rescue operations may save the human lives

Leczenie pierwszej linii przerzutowego raka jelita grubego z zastosowaniem chemioterapii FOLFOX4 z panitumumabem

Aktualne zalecenia terapeutyczne rekomendują postępowanie w raku jelita grubego z przerzutami jako kontinuum z sekwencyjnym zastosowaniem możliwie największej liczby linii leczenia i aktywnych leków. Wybór strategii zależy zarówno od czynników klinicznych, jak i molekularnych. W niniejszym artykule przedstawiono przypadek chorej z przerzutowym rakiem jelita grubego leczonej chemioterapią FOLFOX4 z panitumumabem w kontekście dostępnych wyników badań i alternatywnych schematów leczenia pierwszej linii

Responsibility to protect. Balancing national interests and international obligations through multilateralism

Responsibility to Protect is yet another step in post war evolution of international response against genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity and ethnic cleansing. Author analyses the concept of R2P through the lens of balancing national interests of the UN Member States (state security, human security, budgetary balance, independence) with international values (solidarity, human rights, peace, security). Author underlines that global responses and actions to prevent and end mass atrocities still lack comprehensive and unified approach. Due to diverse interests of each state, international community faces problems dealing with consequences of atrocities. Author believes that states as individual members of international community are bound to redefine their national interests from the perspective of international community’s responsibility to protect populations from mass atrocities. Such redefinition should be facilitated by the UN through promotion of effective multilateral approach towards R2P implementation

The analysis of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome in Poland

Introduction: Sudden Infant Death Syndrome is defined in literature similarly as a sudden and unexpected death of an infant occurring during sleep and, at the same time, causes of which cannot be explained based on anamnesis, circumstances of death or comprehensive post-mortem examinations. Sudden Infant Death Syndrome is considered to be the most frequent cause of death among infants in the developed countries. Incidence of SIDS in the whole world ranges from about 0.1 to 6.0/1,000 live births. As much as 90% concerns deaths in the first year of life of a child, whereas 70% stands for deaths for which the cause remains unknown. In SIDS, about 90% of cases concern children under 1 year old and, in particular, at the age of between 2 and 4 months.The aim: The aim of the study was to present the most significant aspects of SIDS as well as description and analysis of risk factors for occurrence of sudden infant death syndrome based on statistical data.Materials and methods: For the purpose of the study, the secondary data analysis and desk research technique have been applied. The analysis is based on statistical data from the time period 2009-2014 released by the Central Statistical Office of Poland.Results: In 2009-2014, the highest number of deaths of infants and new-borns was reported in 2009 with the number being as high as 2,327. In the following years, the number of deaths of new-borns and infants systematically decreased. In 2010 it was 2,057 and in 2011 – 1,836, in 2012 – 1,791, in 2013 – 1,684, and in 2014 – 1,583. The highest number of deaths of boys was reported in 2009 – 1,298, while the number of deaths of girls in that year, although it was the highest in the analysed period, was lower – 1,029.Conclusions: cases of death were more frequent among boys rather than girls. The highest number of deaths was reported among infants under the age of one month and the number decreased with an increasing infants’ age. More cases of death were reported in the city area rather than in a village