Pessary w leczeniu dolegliwości uroginekologicznych

Do najczęstszych schorzeń kobiecych na całym świecie zalicza się dolegliwości uroginekologiczne, w tym nie- trzymanie moczu i wypadania narządu płciowego. Leczenie wprowadza się stopniowo zaczynając od leczenia zachowawczego, a w dalszej kolejności zabiegowego. Pessary dopochwowe są jednym z najczęściej stosowanych sposobów w leczeniu zachowawczym, dające znaczną poprawę dolegliwości. W pracy przedstawiono zalety i wady stosowania terapii zachowawczej w postaci pessarów oraz tamponów dopochwowych, ze szczególnym uwzględnie- niem rodzajów pessarów, wskazań do stosowania, korzyści ze stosowania, jakości życia i satysfakcji pacjentek oraz potencjalnych powikłań. Analiza piśmiennictwa dostarcza dowodów, że pessary dopochwowe stanowią efektywną, niezabiegową alternatywę dla leczenia dolegliwości uroginekologicznych. Wskaźnik satysfakcji ze stosowania pessarów jest wysoki a powikłania zdarzają się rzadko, jeśli w ogóle. Badania dowodzą, iż pessaroterapia dopo- chwowa pozwala na kontrolę nietrzymania moczu oraz zapobiega wypadaniu narządu płciowego, jeśli są prawidło- wo dopasowane do pacjentki i podlegają regularnym badaniom kontrolnym. Powinno się rozważyć ich stosowanie jako leczenie pierwszego rzutu dolegliwości uroginekologicznych [1].

ASSESSMENT OF THE BIODIVERSITY OF SAMPLES USED FOR ISOLATION OF MICROBIAL STRAINS CAPABLE OF CONVERTING STRAW DESTINED AS A SUBSTRATE FOR BIOGAS PLANT

In biogas plants, almost any type of organic matter can be used as a substrate to produce biogas. To make the process of methane fermentation more effective, these materials are pretreated. This applies in particular to a group of difficult substrates. Straw, due to its hemicellulose structure and saturation, is hardly fermented by biogas reactor microorganisms. The methods of post-harvest residue preparation for anaerobic digestion being applied so far are expensive, while their application has a negative effect on methanoegenic bacteria. Therefore, the microorganisms being able to degrade straw hemicellulose structure, utilisation of which could precede the proper fermentation process, have been searched for. This paper presents the results of microbial biodiversity analysis in the environmental samples being lupin, cereal, rape and maize straw as well as hay and haylage at different degradation stages. The analysis of biodiversity will help at a further stage of study to isolate active microbial strains showing cellulolytic, hemicellulolytic or ligninolytic activity which are desirable in the process of straw biodegradation. Analysis of the microbial count was performed by the method of deep inoculation on different microbiological culture media. The conducted tests include determination of the number of fungi, bacteria and actinomycetes. The results obtained confirm the usefulness of the analysed samples for isolation of microbial strains capable of converting straw preceding the biogas production

Energy and economic effectiveness of winter rape and winter wheat cultivation for liquid biofuel production

Aim of this study was an analysis and assessment of the economy and energy effectiveness of winter wheat and winter rape cultivation for liquid biofuel production. The cost of production and economical effect index is more profitable in case of winter rape. Also the final balance of energy effectiveness has shown better values if the biodiesel had been produced from winter rape as compared with bioethanol from winter wheat. Calculation of the obtained products and their comparison with an energy unit has shown that the netto energy from biodiesel was positive while that from bioethanol was negative, which means that in the latter case expenditure is greater than that gained in the produced biofuel

Synergy factors in the analysis of lamb survival

Survival is one of the most important traits in genetic improvement programmes in livestock. The objective of this study is to determine sex, inbreeding, and birth type effects as well as their interactions on birth survival in lambs of two breeds. Records of 6356 Polish Merino (PM) breed and 9143 Wielkopolska sheep (WS) were taken into the analysis. Relationships between survival and three binary variables (sex, inbreeding, type of birth) were estimated by the use of logistic regression. Interactions among these variables were also included in the model. Thus, the odds ratios and synergy coefficients were estimated. Lowest birth mortality was registered for inbred females from single birth. Differences in survival between the studied breeds were observed. Negligible single effects of sex, inbreeding and birth type for PM were estimated, whereas for WS these effects were significant (P<0.01). Opposite dependencies were obtained for interactions among these variables. In the case of PM, synergy between birth survival and joint effects of sex-inbreeding, sex-birth type, sex-inbreeding-birth type were highly significant, but for WS only inbreeding-birth type interaction was considerable. Hence, a generalisation of the obtained results seems to be difficult: they exhibit a very complex background of lamb survival