Geometrical constraints on dark energy models

This contribution intends to give a pedagogical introduction to the topic of dark energy (the mysterious agent supposed to drive the observed late time acceleration of the Universe) and to various observational tests which require only assumptions on the geometry of the Universe. Those tests are the supernovae luminosity, the CMB shift, the direct Hubble data, and the baryon acoustic oscillations test. An historical overview of Cosmology is followed by some generalities on FRW spacetimes (the best large-scale description of the Universe), and then the test themselves are discussed. A convenient section on statistical inference is included as well.Comment: 28 pages, 15 pages, lecture notes prepared for the ``Advanced Summer School in Physics 2007" organized by Cinvestav (Mexico DF

Cerebral embolization associated with parenchymal seeding of the left atrial myxoma : Potential role of interleukin-6 and matrix metalloproteinases

Systemic embolization has been reported in up to 40% of patients with left atrial myxoma, half of them with cerebral involvement. However, development of intracerebral embolization associated with parenchymal seeding of the myxoma emboli is an extremely rare complication, with only 36 histologically diagnosed cases reported in the published literature. We describe a 69-year-old woman who arrived at the emergency service with hemiparesis associated with drug-resistant epilepsy and a medical history of resection of a left atrial myxoma 10 months previously. Cranial computed tomography revealed multiple large lesions of heterogeneous density and cystic components in the occipital lobes and posterior fossa parenchyma. Histopathological analyses after stereotactic biopsy of the occipital lesion revealed infiltrative myxoma cells with benign histological findings and uniform expression of calretinin similar to that of the primary cardiac myxoma. Additional immunohistochemical studies confirmed brain parenchymal seeding of the myxoma cells with strong expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and focal expression of matrix metalloproteinases-2 (MMP-2). Here, we discuss the clinicopathological features of intracerebral embolization of left atrial myxomas associated with progressive parenchymal seeding of the tumor emboli and the potential pathogenic role of IL-6 and MMPs.Peer reviewe

Diversidad de razas caprinas criollas en Argentina

Se estima que el 90% de los casi cinco millones de caprinos en Argentina se pueden asignar a poblaciones locales tradicionalmente llamadas Criollos. Se denomina así a un colectivo indefinido, menospreciado en sus atributos fenotípicos y productivos característicos, originados a partir de selección por diferentes etnias y en general adaptados a ambientes disímiles y hostiles de crianza. Con el objetivo de determinar las características diferenciales de razas locales o biotipos dentro de las Criollas contribuyendo a su valoración como recurso genético, se recuperaron trabajos de caracterización fenotípica realizados desde el año 2000 hasta el 2013. Se construyó una base datos a partir de las originales, con 19 variables cualitativas y cuantitativas de 2170 hembras de 6 poblaciones locales: Criollas de Formosa (FOR), Córdoba (CBA), La Rioja (LRI), San Luis (SLU), Neuquén (NQN) y Colorada Pampeana (LPA). Se analizó en forma descriptiva y multivariada para detectar diferencias y similitudes entre ellas. Los resultados mostraron rasgos compartidos (perfil recto; orejas horizontales) y divergentes (tipo de pelaje, perímetro de la caña). Los conglomerados formados en base al análisis factorial de datos mixtos muestran una clara diferenciación para FOR, LPA y NQN. CBA muestra rasgos de cruzamientos con Anglo Nubian, LRI y SLU se muestran dispersas. Se formaron 4 clústeres con buena definición para FOR, LPA, CBA y NQN. Se concluye que las razas Criolla Formoseña, Neuquina y Colorada Pampeana alcanzan un grado de diferenciación fenotípico significativo. LRI y SLU no muestran clara diferenciación y la CBA evidencia signos de cruzamientos con razas comerciales y riesgo de erosión genética.It is estimated that 90% of the almost five million goats in Argentina are local populations traditionally called Criollo. This designation refers to goats whose phenotypic and productive attributes are neglected. These populations have different origins and were selected by diverse rural communities; however, they share some common characteristics, such as being adapted to harsh environmental conditions and being bred in arid areas. In order to determine the differential traits of local breeds within Criollo and contribute to their assessment as a local genetic resource, phenotypic characterization research carried out in the last decades were recovered. A database was built, with 19 qualitative and quantitative variables of 2170 females from 6 local populations: Criolla de Formosa (FOR), Córdoba (CBA), La Rioja (LRI), San Luis (SLU), Neuquén (NQN) and Colorada Pampeana (LPA). They were analysed descriptively and by multivariate analysis in order to define differences and similarities among them. The results showed shared (straight profile, horizontal ears) and divergent (type of coat, shin circumference) features. The conglomerates formed on the basis of the mixed data factor analysis showed a clear differentiation for FOR, LPA and NQN. CBA showed evidence of crossing with Anglo Nubian, while LRI and SLU were scattered. Four Clusters with good definition were formed for FOR, LPA, CBA and NQN. It is concluded that FOR, NQN and LPA populations have achieved a significant degree of phenotypic differentiation. The LRI and SLU did not show a clear differentiation and the CBA showed signs of crossing with commercial breeds and risk of genetic erosion.Estación Experimental Agropecuaria BarilocheFil: Lanari, María Rosa. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: Giovannini, Nicolas. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: Maizon, Daniel Omar. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Anguil; ArgentinaFil: Deza, Maria C.V. Universidad Nacional de Cordoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; ArgentinaFil: Bedotti, Daniel Osvaldo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Anguil; ArgentinaFil: de la Rosa-Carbajal, Sebastian Arnoldo. Centro de Validacion Laguna Yema; ArgentinaFil: Vera, Tomas Anibal. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Agricultura Familiar. Región NOA; ArgentinaFil: Ricarte, Ramon Armando. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria La Rioja; ArgentinaFil: Mezzadra, Carlos Alberto. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentin

EDUCACIÓN AMBIENTAL Y SOCIEDAD. SABERES LOCALES PARA EL DESARROLLO Y LA SUSTENTABILIDAD

Este texto contribuye al análisis científico de varias áreas del conocimiento como la filosofía social, la patología, la educación para el cuidado del medio ambiente y la sustentabilidad que inciden en diversas unidades de aprendizaje de la Licenciatura en Educación para la Salud y de la Maestría en Sociología de la SaludLas comunidades indígenas de la sierra norte de Oaxaca México, habitan un territorio extenso de biodiversidad. Sin que sea una área protegida y sustentable, la propia naturaleza de la región ofrece a sus visitantes la riqueza de la vegetación caracterizada por sus especies endémicas que componen un paisaje de suma belleza

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Ambiente. Una mirada más allá del entorno inmediato

El taller de Tecnología transcurrido entre los años 2015-2019 en el DIIT de la Universidad de la Matanza, fue un espacio académico que se estructuró con una mirada integral de los contenidos tecnológicos en una única materia. El presente artículo busca recopilar las experiencias teórico prácticas realizadas en los diferentes niveles del taller vinculadas a uno de sus ejes temáticos: el ambiente