Uso de hábitat, crecimiento relativo y talla de madurez, calculada mediante diferentes modelos, del cangrejo violeta Platyxanthus crenulatus (Decapoda: Brachyura)

We describe the most noteworthy changes occurring during the post-metamorphic phase in both sexes of the purple stone crab Platyxanthus crenulatus. Spatial structure of the populations by size and early changes in colour pattern and relative growth of chelae suggest an ontogenic migration from intertidal to deeper waters. Before reaching maturity and laying eggs, females undergo a tight sequence of morpho-physiologic changes over a narrow size range (44-64 mm carapace width [CW]). In contrast, males undergo two main phases related to sexual maturity. Early in their lives, they develop sperm and accelerate the relative growth of the chelae (35-45 mm CW). Morphologic maturity of males comes later, when relative growth rate reaches the maximum and decelerate (65-70 mm CW). Adult males are larger and develop conspicuously largest chelae than females. Morphometric analyses were performed by two different techniques: the traditional procedure, which describes relative growth relationships as power functions; and an alternative, smoothing spline–based model that is non-dependent on previous assumptions. The results of the alternative analysis were coherent with other reproductive indicators and ancillary observations, allowing a more comprehensive understanding of the relative growth. We provide supporting material containing the respective script written in R program to be used freely in future studies.Se describen los eventos más remarcables durante la ontogenia de la fase post-metamórfica del cangrejo violeta de las rocas Platyxanthus crenulatus. Las poblaciones estudiadas aparecen estructuradas por talla, lo que sumado a cambios tempranos en el patrón de coloración y en la tasa de crecimiento relativo de las quelas de ambos sexos, sugiere la existencia de una migración ontogénica desde el intermareal hacia aguas más profundas. Antes de alcanzar la madurez y extruir huevos, las hembras atraviesan una serie de cambios morfo-fisiológicos en un rango de tallas estrecho (44-64 mm). En contraste los machos muestran dos fases bien diferenciadas en relación a la madurez sexual. Tempranamente desarrollan esperma y aceleran el crecimiento relativo de las pinzas (35-45 mm). La madurez morfológica se alcanza posteriormente cuando la tasa de crecimiento relativo alcanza su máximo y comienza a desacelerarse (65-70 mm). Los machos adultos son más grandes y tienen quelas de mayor tamaño que las de las hembras. Los análisis morfométricos fueron realizados aplicando paralelamente dos técnicas diferentes: el procedimiento tradicional, que describe al crecimiento relativo como una función potencial, y un método alternativo, no dependiente de supuestos a priori, basados en splines. Los resultados del análisis alternativo fueron coherentes con los demás indicadores reproductivos y observaciones auxiliares permitiendo una comprensión más amplia del crecimiento relativo. Se adjuntan los comandos necesarios para aplicar ambos métodos libremente usando el programa R

Annual cycle of growth and population structure of the estuarine crab Hemigrapsus crenulatus (Brachyura: Varunidae) off central Chile

Estuaries and saltmarshes play a fundamental role in the life cycle of many crab species. Diverse studies show that temperature and salinity modulate abundance, size frequency distribution (SFD), sex ratio and growth in crustaceans. These population parameters are usually challenging to estimate due to the high environmental variability of estuaries. Monthly samples of the estuarine crab Hemigrapsus crenulatus were taken from October 2003 to October 2004 (except July 2004) in the Tubul estuary, central Chile. We quantified temporal changes in abundance, size distribution, sex ratio and monthly growth through the annual cycle. A total of 1025 individuals were collected. Sizes ranged from 7.72-33.51 mm carapace length (CL) with a growth rate ranging between 2.13-30.5% mm CL mo-1. Size and growth rates were greater in spring-summer, suggesting a faster growth of younger crabs correlated with increasing sea temperatures in the austral summer. Overall, sex ratio was 1.75:1 in favour of males. Modal analysis identified at least seven cohorts cohabiting throughout the annual cycle. Growth parameters for males and females were the following, respectively: L∞ = 33.6 and 29.6, k = 0.69 and 0.91, t0 = -0.39 and -0.28. Changes in size distribution suggested a recruitment period during autumn and winter seasons when there are lower salinities and temperature fluctuations stresses. Generalized linear models indicated that sea temperature, salinity and chlorophyll were the environmental variables that better predicted the annual patterns in the population structure.Fil: Riquelme Bugueño, Ramiro A.. Universidad de Concepción; ChileFil: Luppi, Tomas Atilio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; ArgentinaFil: Saldías, Gonzalo S.. Centro Fondap de Investigación En Dinámica de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes; Chile. Universidad del Bio Bio; ChileFil: Lagos, Marcelo E.. Universidad de Concepción; ChileFil: Urbina, Mauricio A.. Universidad de Concepción; ChileFil: Retamal, Marco A.. Universidad de Concepción; Chil

Effect of biological and anthropogenic sound on the orientation behavior of four species of brachyuran crabs

The settlement phase of crustaceans is critical and can ultimately affect their population structure. Underwater sound has been proposed as one of the most important sensory cues used by these animals during this phase because it can provide direction and habitat quality information. Here, we evaluated the effect of different acoustic signals (biological and anthropogenic) on the orientation response of different stages (megalopae and juveniles) of 4 brachyuran crabs (Cyrtograpsus angulatus, C. altimanus, Neohelice granulata, Leptuca uruguayensis) from Mar Chiquita coastal lagoon in Argentina. A binary choice chamber system was used, and different sound sources (crustacean, fish and motorboat signals) selected from recordings of the lagoon soundscape were reproduced. C. angulatus megalopae and juveniles responded positively towards crustacean signals, while juveniles responded negatively towards fish sounds. N. granulata juveniles orientated negatively towards crustacean, motorboat and fish signals. C. altimanus and L. uruguayensis juveniles did not respond to fish signals. The results support the idea that invertebrates can discriminate among conspecific signals and highlight the role of sound on prey−predator relationships. The behavioral orientation response to the motorboat sound evidences a presumably negative effect of anthropogenic sound on the biological interactions of species. This information is important, given the urgent need to increase knowledge about coastal marine lagoons to enhance their protection, especially considering the role of the key species of crabs in this habitat.Fil: Sal Moyano, María Paz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; ArgentinaFil: Ceraulo, María. Istituto per lo studio degli impatti Antropici e Sostenibilità in ambiente marino; Italia. Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche. Istituto Per L'ambiente Marino Costiero.; ItaliaFil: Hidalgo, Fernando Jose. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; ArgentinaFil: Luppi, Tomas Atilio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; ArgentinaFil: Nuñez, Jesus Dario. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; ArgentinaFil: Radford, Craig A.. University of Auckland; Nueva ZelandaFil: Mazzola, Salvatore. Istituto per lo studio degli impatti Antropici e Sostenibilità in ambiente marino; Italia. Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche. Istituto Per L'ambiente Marino Costiero.; ItaliaFil: Gavio, Maria Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; ArgentinaFil: Buscaino, Giuseppa. Istituto per lo studio degli impatti Antropici e Sostenibilità in ambiente marino; Italia. Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche. Istituto Per L'ambiente Marino Costiero.; Itali

Habitat Related Variation in Reproductive Traits among Intertidal Crabs from the Southwestern Atlantic

The reproductive traits of three coastal grapsoid crabs from the southwestern Atlantic, Neohelice granulata (Dana, 1851), Cyrtograpsus angulatus Dana, 1851 and C. altimanus Rathbun, 1914, were compared under the hypothesis that more energy is diverted to maintenance (and less to reproduction) in the upper intertidal and/or in estuaries than in the lower marine intertidal or subtidal, in order to cope with the harsh, and frequently variable, environmental conditions of semiterrestrial and brackish water habitats. Each species occupies a different habitat along intertidal, as well as estuarine gradients: N. granulata lives in the upper and middle intertidal of salt marshes and mud flats, especially in estuarine waters; C. angulatus lives in the low intertidal and subtidal of estuarine and marine habitats, and C. altimanus is predominantly an intertidal and subtidal marine crab. Results suggested that energy demands imposed by the harsh environmental conditions of the estuarine and semiterrestrial habitats resulted in less energy available for reproduction in N. granulata, evidenced by a shorter breeding season, a reduced reproductive output per clutch and an increased clutch interval. The opposite occurred with C. altimanus: less energy was necessary to cope with the stable marine water, allowing the presence of a long breeding season, a higher reproductive output per clutch and a very short clutch interval. Differences observed between marine and estuarine populations of C. angulatus are comparable with differences between C. altimanus, and N. granulata.Fil: Spivak, Eduardo Daniel. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Biología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; ArgentinaFil: Silva, Paola Valeria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Biología; ArgentinaFil: Luppi, Tomas Atilio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Biología; Argentin

DUNE Offline Computing Conceptual Design Report

International audienceThis document describes Offline Software and Computing for the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) experiment, in particular, the conceptual design of the offline computing needed to accomplish its physics goals. Our emphasis in this document is the development of the computing infrastructure needed to acquire, catalog, reconstruct, simulate and analyze the data from the DUNE experiment and its prototypes. In this effort, we concentrate on developing the tools and systems thatfacilitate the development and deployment of advanced algorithms. Rather than prescribing particular algorithms, our goal is to provide resources that are flexible and accessible enough to support creative software solutions as HEP computing evolves and to provide computing that achieves the physics goals of the DUNE experiment

Reconstruction of interactions in the ProtoDUNE-SP detector with Pandora

International audienceThe Pandora Software Development Kit and algorithm libraries provide pattern-recognition logic essential to the reconstruction of particle interactions in liquid argon time projection chamber detectors. Pandora is the primary event reconstruction software used at ProtoDUNE-SP, a prototype for the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment far detector. ProtoDUNE-SP, located at CERN, is exposed to a charged-particle test beam. This paper gives an overview of the Pandora reconstruction algorithms and how they have been tailored for use at ProtoDUNE-SP. In complex events with numerous cosmic-ray and beam background particles, the simulated reconstruction and identification efficiency for triggered test-beam particles is above 80% for the majority of particle type and beam momentum combinations. Specifically, simulated 1 GeV/$c$ charged pions and protons are correctly reconstructed and identified with efficiencies of 86.1$\pm0.6$% and 84.1$\pm0.6$%, respectively. The efficiencies measured for test-beam data are shown to be within 5% of those predicted by the simulation

Reconstruction of interactions in the ProtoDUNE-SP detector with Pandora

International audienceThe Pandora Software Development Kit and algorithm libraries provide pattern-recognition logic essential to the reconstruction of particle interactions in liquid argon time projection chamber detectors. Pandora is the primary event reconstruction software used at ProtoDUNE-SP, a prototype for the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment far detector. ProtoDUNE-SP, located at CERN, is exposed to a charged-particle test beam. This paper gives an overview of the Pandora reconstruction algorithms and how they have been tailored for use at ProtoDUNE-SP. In complex events with numerous cosmic-ray and beam background particles, the simulated reconstruction and identification efficiency for triggered test-beam particles is above 80% for the majority of particle type and beam momentum combinations. Specifically, simulated 1 GeV/$c$ charged pions and protons are correctly reconstructed and identified with efficiencies of 86.1$\pm0.6$% and 84.1$\pm0.6$%, respectively. The efficiencies measured for test-beam data are shown to be within 5% of those predicted by the simulation

DUNE Offline Computing Conceptual Design Report

This document describes Offline Software and Computing for the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) experiment, in particular, the conceptual design of the offline computing needed to accomplish its physics goals. Our emphasis in this document is the development of the computing infrastructure needed to acquire, catalog, reconstruct, simulate and analyze the data from the DUNE experiment and its prototypes. In this effort, we concentrate on developing the tools and systems thatfacilitate the development and deployment of advanced algorithms. Rather than prescribing particular algorithms, our goal is to provide resources that are flexible and accessible enough to support creative software solutions as HEP computing evolves and to provide computing that achieves the physics goals of the DUNE experiment

Reconstruction of interactions in the ProtoDUNE-SP detector with Pandora

International audienceThe Pandora Software Development Kit and algorithm libraries provide pattern-recognition logic essential to the reconstruction of particle interactions in liquid argon time projection chamber detectors. Pandora is the primary event reconstruction software used at ProtoDUNE-SP, a prototype for the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment far detector. ProtoDUNE-SP, located at CERN, is exposed to a charged-particle test beam. This paper gives an overview of the Pandora reconstruction algorithms and how they have been tailored for use at ProtoDUNE-SP. In complex events with numerous cosmic-ray and beam background particles, the simulated reconstruction and identification efficiency for triggered test-beam particles is above 80% for the majority of particle type and beam momentum combinations. Specifically, simulated 1 GeV/$c$ charged pions and protons are correctly reconstructed and identified with efficiencies of 86.1$\pm0.6$% and 84.1$\pm0.6$%, respectively. The efficiencies measured for test-beam data are shown to be within 5% of those predicted by the simulation