Heidegger, Adorno in mimezis

I discuss the relations between Heidegger and Adorno's Philosophies of Art by situating them against two shared backgrounds: the first is Kant's analysis of aesthetic judgment, the second is the pervasive appearance of mimesis in each of their aesthetic theories. The term mimesis will be employed in regard to Heidegger's treatment - in his »Origin of the Work of Art« - of the origin and the means by which truth »happens,« specifically when mimesis turns against itself as mere imitation. The movement of the artwork is then considered as follows: the concept of mimesis is examined in light of Heidegger's »Origin« essay to illuminate the concept and essay by placing both in relation to Adorno's Aesthetic Theory (especially the way mimesis figures there) as well as Kant's doctrine of the sublime. The movement of the artwork toward truth is presented as the movement of mimesis, in particular, as akin to the sublime's negation of what has already appeared. For Heidegger and Adorno's accounts, the mimetic movement of the artwork parallels the movement of aesthetic judgement.Članek obravnava odnose med Heideggeijevo in Adornovo filozofijo umetnosti tako, da ju postavlja nasproti dvema skupnima ozadjema: prvo predstavlja Kantova analiza estetske sodbe, drugo pa prodoren pojav posnemanja v vsaki od njunih estetskih teorij. Izraz posnemanje [mimesis] bom uporabil v smislu Heideggeijeve obravnave - v njegovem »Izviru umetniškega dela« - izvira in sredstev, s katerimi se resnica »dogaja«, posebej tedaj, ko se posnemanje obrne proti sebi samemu kot zgolj imitacija. Gibanje umetnine v tem smislu obravnavani takole: pojem posnemanja preučujem v luči omenjenega Heideggeijevega besedila, da bi osvetlil tako pojem kot besedilo s tem, da ju umestim v odnos do Adornove Estetske teorije (predvsem način, kako tam nastopa posnemanje) kot tudi do Kantove doktrine sublimnega. Gibanje umetnine proti resnici je prikazano kot gibanje posnemanja, zlasti kot sorodno negaciji tega kar seje že zgodilo s strani sublimnega. Po Heideggeijevem in Adornovem mnenju je gibanje posnemanja pri umetnini vzporednica gibanju estetske sodbe

Flow structure dynamics with extreme dissipation events in homogeneous turbulence – an experimental investigation using shake-the-box and flowfit

Since the introduction of the Richardson-Kolmogorov cascade a picture of turbulence has been created that intrinsically connects a (in general) directional down-scaling process featuring vortical flow structures with the overall energy transfer finally ending into viscous dissipation at the smallest scales of the cascade. In turbulent flows at sufficient Reynolds number intermittency of extreme dissipation events is accompanied by strong enstrophy events and both have a close relationship to the pressure Laplacian. The aim of the present investigation is to analyze the temporal dynamics of flow structures generating extreme dissipation events. Conditional ensemble averages and Lagrangian viewpoints shall complement this topological study. We present measurements of the full velocity gradient tensor and all elements of the dissipation rate based on dense fields of fluid particle trajectories in homogeneous turbulence at Re~270 and ~370 in a von Kármán flow between two counter-rotating propellers. Applying the Shake-The-Box (STB) particle tracking algorithm [1], we are able to instantaneously track up to ~100.000 particles in a measurement volume of 50 x 50 x 15 mm³. The mean inter-particle distance is lower than 7 Kolmogorov lengths. The data assimilation scheme FlowFit [2] with continuity and Navier-Stokes- constraints is used to interpolate the scattered velocity and acceleration data by continuous 3D B-Splines in a cubic grid, enabling to recover (locally) the smallest flow scales. We compute the energy dissipation rate directly by using local velocity gradient information gained by FlowFit at midpoints of particle tetrahedra in close proximity of a few Kolmogorov lengths and compare it to known inertial range approaches using two-point statistics

SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617.2 Delta variant replication and immune evasion

Abstract: The B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first identified in the state of Maharashtra in late 2020 and spread throughout India, outcompeting pre-existing lineages including B.1.617.1 (Kappa) and B.1.1.7 (Alpha)1. In vitro, B.1.617.2 is sixfold less sensitive to serum neutralizing antibodies from recovered individuals, and eightfold less sensitive to vaccine-elicited antibodies, compared with wild-type Wuhan-1 bearing D614G. Serum neutralizing titres against B.1.617.2 were lower in ChAdOx1 vaccinees than in BNT162b2 vaccinees. B.1.617.2 spike pseudotyped viruses exhibited compromised sensitivity to monoclonal antibodies to the receptor-binding domain and the amino-terminal domain. B.1.617.2 demonstrated higher replication efficiency than B.1.1.7 in both airway organoid and human airway epithelial systems, associated with B.1.617.2 spike being in a predominantly cleaved state compared with B.1.1.7 spike. The B.1.617.2 spike protein was able to mediate highly efficient syncytium formation that was less sensitive to inhibition by neutralizing antibody, compared with that of wild-type spike. We also observed that B.1.617.2 had higher replication and spike-mediated entry than B.1.617.1, potentially explaining the B.1.617.2 dominance. In an analysis of more than 130 SARS-CoV-2-infected health care workers across three centres in India during a period of mixed lineage circulation, we observed reduced ChAdOx1 vaccine effectiveness against B.1.617.2 relative to non-B.1.617.2, with the caveat of possible residual confounding. Compromised vaccine efficacy against the highly fit and immune-evasive B.1.617.2 Delta variant warrants continued infection control measures in the post-vaccination era

\ufffcTheodor W. Adorno: Truth and Dialectical Experience / Verita\u300 ed \ufffcesperienza dialettica

Scopo del presente fascicolo di \u201cDiscipline filosofiche\u201d e\u300 per approfondire l\u2019originale contributo adorniano allo sviluppo del pensiero dialettico mediante la sua proposta di una dialettica negativa, indagando in particolare il ruolo svolto al suo interno dal problema della verita\u300. Un problema, quest\u2019ultimo, analizzato da Adorno soprattutto \u2013 seppur non esclusivamente \u2013 in riferimento alla questione del contenuto di verita\u300 dell\u2019arte (colto nella sua ineliminabile \u201cenigmaticita\u300\u201d, come si legge in vari passaggi fondamentali di "Teoria estetica"), nonche\u301 in riferimento all\u2019ineliminabile componente retorico-linguistica del pensiero filosofico e, dunque, al rapporto tra linguaggio, pensiero e realta\u300. Questi aspetti vengono affrontati in vari modi, cioe\u300 muovendo da background differenti e soffermandosi su aspetti diversi, dagli autori che partecipano al presente numero di \u201cDiscipline filosofiche\u201d. Il percorso di lettura proposto, muovendo da un problema generale e di fondamentale importanza come quello della natura, affronta quindi in vario modo il rapporto tra arte e verita\u300, si sposta da qui (in un modo graduale e continuo, vista l\u2019affinita\u300 tra tali argomenti spesso riscontrabile in Adorno) sul tema del linguaggio e, quindi, della natura del pensare dialettico in quanto tale, sfociando infine in tentativi di interpretazione comparata della filosofia di Adorno, attraverso il confronto con alcuni altri modelli di pensiero contemporaneo (fenomenologia, decostruzione)

Measuring the full dissipation rate tensor in homogeneous turbulence

Recent developments in dense Lagrangian Particle Tracking with Shake-The-Box (Schanz et al. 2016) and data assimilation techniques, like FlowFit (Gesemann et al. 2016), raises hope that for moderate Reynolds numbers the full (time-resolved) velocity gradient tensor might be capturedexperimentally at high-spatial resolution more accurately than in previous generic turbulence measurements by e.g. Tomo-PIV. Here we present measurements of the full velocity gradient and dissipation rate tensor based on dense fields of fluid particle trajectories in homogeneous turbulence at Re-lambda~270 and ~370 in a von Kármán flow between two counter-rotating propellers. Applying the Shake-The-Box (STB) particle tracking algorithm (Schanz et al. 2016) we are able to instantaneously track up to ~100,000 particles in a measurement volume of 40 x 40 x 15 mm³. The data assimilation scheme FlowFit (Gesemann et al. 2016) applies Navier-Stokes- constraints by imposing conservation of mass and momentum to interpolate the scattered velocity and acceleration data by continuous 3D B-Splines in a cubic grid of cells, enabling to recover (locally) the smallest flow scales in the center of tetrahedrons of particles in close proximity (r < 3-Eta for the time-resolved 3D velocity, acceleration and pressure fields. Measuring Aij and 3D pressure fields at full temporal- and spatial resolution in experimental fluid mechanics is a highly desired capability since its beginning. Based on such data many derived quantities of high importance for data driven developments of advanced CFD methods and related turbulence models can be delivered which in turn can enhance their applicability towards higher Reynolds numbers and full coupled FSI problems e.g. for innovative aircraft design purposes

Fast and reliable quantitative peptidomics with labelpepmatch

The use of stable isotope tags in quantitative peptidomics offers many advantages, but the laborious identification of matching sets of labeled peptide peaks is still a major bottleneck. Here we present labelpepmatch, an R-package for fast and straightforward analysis of LC-MS spectra of labeled peptides. This open-source tool offers fast and accurate identification of peak pairs alongside an appropriate framework for statistical inference on quantitative peptidomics data, based on techniques from other -omics disciplines. A relevant case study on the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria proves our pipeline to be a reliable tool for quick but thorough explorative analyses.status: publishe

Fast and reliable quantitative peptidomics with labelpepmatch

The use of stable isotope tags in quantitative peptidomics offers many advantages, but the laborious identification of matching sets of labeled peptide peaks is still a major bottleneck. Here we present labelpepmatch, an R package for fast and straightforward analysis of LC MS spectra of labeled peptides. This open-source tool offers fast and accurate identification of peak pairs alongside an appropriate framework for statistical inference on quantitative peptidomics data, based on techniques from other-omics disciplines. A relevant case study on the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria proves our pipeline to be a reliable tool for quick but thorough explorative analyses

Dynamics of IFN-β responses during respiratory viral infection: insights for therapeutic strategies

RATIONALE: Viral infections are major drivers of exacerbations and clinical burden in patients with asthma and COPD. IFN-β is a key component of the innate immune response to viral infection. To date studies of inhaled IFN-β treatment have not demonstrated a significant effect on asthma exacerbations. OBJECTIVES: The dynamics of exogenous IFN-β activity were investigated to inform on future clinical indications for this potential anti-viral therapy. METHODS: Monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs), alveolar macrophages (AMs) and primary bronchial epithelial cells (PBECs) were isolated from healthy controls and COPD patients and infected with influenza virus either prior to or after IFN-β stimulation. Infection levels were measured by % nucleoprotein 1 positive (NP1+) cells using flow cytometry. Viral RNA shedding and interferon stimulated gene expression were measured by qPCR. Production of inflammatory cytokines was measured using MSD. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Adding IFN-β to MDMs, AMs and PBECs prior to, but not after, infection reduced %NP1+ cells by 85%, 56% and 66%, respectively (p&lt;0.05). Inhibition of infection lasted for 24h following removal of IFN-β and was maintained albeit reduced up to 1 week in MDMs and 72h in PBECs; this was similar between health and COPD. IFN-β did not induce inflammatory cytokine production by MDMs or PBECs but reduced influenza-induced IL-1β production by PBECs. CONCLUSIONS: In vitro modelling of IFN-β dynamics highlights the potential for intermittent prophylactic doses of exogenous IFN-β to modulate viral infection. This provides important insights to aid the future design of clinical trials of IFN-β in asthma and COPD