Numerical and experimental investigations of three-dimensional container filling with Newtonian viscous fluids

This work employs numerical and experimental approaches to investigate three-dimensional container filling with Newtonian viscous fluids. For this purpose, a computer code developed for simulating three-dimensional free surface flows has been used. The CFD Freeflow3D code was specifically designed to deal with unsteady three-dimensional flows possessing multiple moving free surfaces. An experimental apparatus that allows the visualization of the various phenomena that can occur during the filling of containers has been constructed and employed. Experiments on container filling were carried out by varying the fluid velocity at the injection nozzle. This paper presents a computational study on container filling with Newtonian viscous fluids and employs the experimental results to validate the software. The experimental observations were compared with the predictions from the Freeflow3D code and good agreement between the two sets of results is observed. Moreover, the code predictions showed that it is capable of capturing the most relevant phenomena observed in the experiments.The Brazilian authors would like to acknowledge the financial support given by the funding agencies: CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (Grant Nos. 302631/2010-0, 301408/2009-2, 472514/2011-3), FAPESP - Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (Grant No. 2011/13930-0) and CAPES Grant Nos. BEX 2844/10-9 and 226/09 (CAPES-FCT). This work is part of the activities developed within the CEPID-CeMEAI FAPESP project Grant No. 2013/07375 - 0 and also benefits from the early collaboration within the framework of the University of Sao Paulo (Brazil) and University of Porto (Portugal) research agreements. The Portuguese authors gratefully acknowledge funding from Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia (FCT) under the project PEst-C/CTM/LA0025/2013 (Strategic Project - LA 25-2013-2014), project PTDC/MAT/121185/2010 and FEDER, via FCT

NOTAS SOBRE ÉTICA E PSICOLOGIA DO TRÂNSITO: articulações ético-profissional no processo de avaliação psicológica

Ethics is described as the set of behavioral patterns, conceptions, values ??and any other aspects that determine the actions of the individual and / or social group. In refer to psychology, these standards are regulated by the Psychologist's Professional Code of Ethics (CEPP), as a tool that governs the normative principles and behaviors expected of professionals in the field. Therefore, it is also stipulated about the various areas of activity of psychology, among them psychological assessment (PA) within the context of traffic, the role of the psychologist being indispensable to the process of health promotion, safety and accident prevention, although, in practice, act only with psychotechnical execution. Thus, the present study aims to explain ethical-professional articulations in the PA process in the context of traffic. Furthermore, the qualitative approach was used as a method, with a descriptive objective, whose resource is the narrative review of literature, covering the period from 2005 to 2020. However, it is possible to infer that such factors are closely related, making their articulation essential for the execution of an effective and committed social praxis.La ética se describe como el conjunto de patrones de comportamiento, concepciones, valores y cualesquiera otros aspectos que determinen las acciones del individuo y / o grupo social. Con respecto a la psicología, estos estándares están regulados por el Código de Ética Profesional del Psicólogo (CEPP), como una herramienta que rige los principios normativos y comportamientos esperados de los profesionales en la materia. Por lo tanto, también se estipula sobre las distintas áreas de actividad de la psicología, entre ellas la evaluación psicológica (AF) en el contexto de la circulación, siendo indispensable el papel del psicólogo en el proceso de promoción de la salud, seguridad y prevención de accidentes, aunque, en práctica, actuar sólo con ejecución psicotécnica. Así, el presente estudio tiene como objetivo explicar las articulaciones ético-profesionales en el proceso de AP en el contexto del tráfico. Además, se utilizó como método el enfoque cualitativo, con un objetivo descriptivo, cuyo recurso es la revisión narrativa de la literatura, que abarca el período de 2005 a 2020. Sin embargo, es posible inferir que dichos factores están estrechamente relacionados, por lo que su articulación es fundamental para la ejecución de una praxis social efectiva y comprometida.A ética é descrita como o conjunto de padrões comportamentais, concepções, valores e quaisquer outros aspectos que determinem as ações do indivíduo e/ou grupo social. No tocante à psicologia, tais padrões são regulamentados pelo Código de Ética Profissional do Psicólogo (CEPP), enquanto ferramenta que rege os princípios normativos e os comportamentos esperados aos profissionais da área. Logo, é estipulado também acerca das variadas áreas de atuação da psicologia, dentre elas a avaliação psicológica (AP) dentro do contexto de trânsito, sendo o papel do psicólogo indispensável ao processo de promoção da saúde, segurança e prevenção de acidentes, embora, na prática, atue tão somente com execução de psicotécnico. Assim, o presente estudo objetiva explanar articulações ético-profissional no processo de AP em contexto do trânsito. Ademais, utilizou-se como método a abordagem qualitativa, com objetivo descritivo, cujo recurso é a revisão narrativa de literatura, compreendendo o período de 2005 a 2020. No entanto, é possível inferir que tais fatores se encontram estritamente relacionados, tornando-se imprescindível sua articulação para execução de uma práxis psicológica efetiva e comprometida com o social

ASPECTOS RELEVANTES DA SÍNDROME DE SJÖGREN PARA ODONTOLOGIA

A Síndrome de Sjögren é uma doença autoimune, que acomete as glândulas exócrinas, principalmente as glândulas lacrimais e salivares. Na boca, no entanto, devido a xerostomia podem ocorrer algumas consequências em resultado da falta de saliva, dentre os sintomas orais, encontram-se, xerostomia, língua fissurada, atrofia papilar, aumento da glândula salivar, presença de cárie dental e/ ou doença periodontal em pacientes portadores da síndrome. O objetivo do presente trabalho é descrever aspectos relevantes da síndrome de Sjögren para Odontologia. Trata-se de uma revisão de literatura através da pesquisa de trabalhos científicos localizados em base de dados eletrônicos: Google Acadêmico e Biblioteca Eletrônica Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SCIELO), utilizando os descritores “Cárie”, “Síndrome de Sjögren” e “saúde bucal”, nos últimos 10 anos. O diagnóstico da SS é fundamental para a instauração precoce do tratamento. O tratamento busca aliviar os sinais e sintomas, visando melhorar a qualidade de vida dos pacientes, a fim de evitar e minimizar as sequelas são utilizadas salivas artificiais, estimulantes da produção de saliva e a higiene oral. A partir desse estudo, é evidente a importância do diagnóstico e tratamento, pois as manifestações orais da SS podem comprometer a saúde bucal dos portadores dessa síndrome, cabe ao dentista e aos demais profissionais a tarefa de diagnosticar e aplicar uma melhor qualidade de vida ao paciente

Grape Resveratrol Increases Serum Adiponectin and Downregulates Inflammatory Genes in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells: A Triple-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, One-Year Clinical Trial in Patients with Stable Coronary Artery Disease

This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits any use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and the source are credited.[Purpose] The grape and wine polyphenol resveratrol exerts cardiovascular benefits but evidence from randomized human clinical trials is very limited. We investigated dose-depending effects of a resveratrol-containing grape supplement on stable patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) treated according to currently accepted guidelines for secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease.[Methods] In a triple-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, one-year follow-up, 3-arm pilot clinical trial, 75 stable-CAD patients received 350 mg/day of placebo, resveratrol-containing grape extract (grape phenolics plus 8 mg resveratrol) or conventional grape extract lacking resveratrol during 6 months, and a double dose for the following 6 months. Changes in circulating inflammatory and fibrinolytic biomarkers were analyzed. Moreover, the transcriptional profiling of inflammatory genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was explored using microarrays and functional gene expression analysis.[Results] After 1 year, in contrast to the placebo and conventional grape extract groups, the resveratrol-containing grape extract group showed an increase of the anti-inflammatory serum adiponectin (9.6 %, p = 0.01) and a decrease of the thrombogenic plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) (−18.6 %, p = 0.05). In addition, 6 key inflammation-related transcription factors were predicted to be significantly activated or inhibited, with 27 extracellular-space acting genes involved in inflammation, cell migration and T-cell interaction signals presenting downregulation (p < 0.05) in PBMCs. No adverse effects were detected in relation to the study products.[Conclusions] Chronic daily consumption of a resveratrol-containing grape nutraceutical could exert cardiovascular benefits in stable-CAD patients treated according to current evidence-based standards, by increasing serum adiponectin, preventing PAI-1 increase and inhibiting atherothrombotic signals in PBMCs.This study was supported by public funds: Projects CICYT-BFU2007-60576 and Consolider-Ingenio 2010 (CSD2007-00063, Fun-C-Food) from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN) and GERM-06-04486 (Fundación Séneca, Murcia, Spain). Dr. Tomé-Carneiro received a FPI grant from MICINN and Dr. Larrosa received a JAE-DOC contract from the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC, Spain).Peer reviewe

Buttermilk and krill oil phospholipids improve hippocampal insulin resistance and synaptic signaling in aged rats.

Impaired glucose metabolism and mitochondrial decay greatly increase with age, when cognitive decline becomes rampant. No pharmacological or dietary intervention has proven effective, but proper diet and lifestyle do postpone the onset of neurodegeneration and some nutrients are being investigated. We studied insulin signaling, mitochondrial activity and biogenesis, and synaptic signaling in the hippocampus and cortex following dietary supplementation with bioactive phospholipid concentrates of krill oil (KOC), buttermilk fat globule membranes (BMFC), and a combination of both in aged rats. After 3 months of supplementation, although all groups of animals showed clear signs of peripheral insulin resistance, the combination of KOC and BMFC was able to improve peripheral insulin sensitivity. We also explored brain energy balance. Interestingly, the hippocampus of supplemented rats-mainly when supplemented with BMFC or the combination of KOC and BMFC-showed an increase in intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels, whereas no difference was observed in the cerebral cortex. Moreover, we found a significant increase of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus of BMFC+KO animals. In summary, dietary supplementation with KOC and/or BMFC improves peripheral and central insulin resistance, suggesting that their administration could delay the onset of these phenomena. Moreover, n-3 fatty acids (FAs) ingested as phospholipids increase BDNF levels favoring an improvement in energy state within neurons and facilitating both mitochondrial and protein synthesis, which are necessary for synaptic plasticity. Thus, dietary supplementation with n-3 FAs could protect local protein synthesis and energy balance within dendrites, favoring neuronal health and delaying cognitive decline associated to age-related disrepair.pre-print769 K

The emergent role of mitochondrial RNA modifications in metabolic alterations

Mitochondrial epitranscriptomics refers to the modifications occurring in all the different RNA types of mitochondria. Although the number of mitochondrial RNA modifications is less than those in cytoplasm, substantial evidence indicates that they play a critical role in accurate protein synthesis. Recent evidence supported those modifications in mitochondrial RNAs also have crucial implications in mitochondrial-related diseases. In the light of current knowledge about the involvement, the association between mitochondrial RNA modifications and diseases arises from studies focusing on mutations in both mitochondrial and nuclear DNA genes encoding enzymes involved in such modifications. Here, we review the current evidence available for mitochondrial RNA modifications and their role in metabolic disorders, and we also explore the possibility of using them as promising targets for prevention and early detection. Finally, we discuss future directions of mitochondrial epitranscriptomics in these metabolic alterations, and how these RNA modifications may offer a new diagnostic and theragnostic avenue for preventive purposes.This work was supported by the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) Action CA16120 (European Epitranscriptomic Network). This work was also supported by “Centros de Investigación En Red” (CIBER, CB06/03/0018) of the “Instituto de Salud Carlos III” (ISCIII) (PI18/01399), and co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER). This work was also supported by the Agencia Estatal de Investigación and European FEDER Funds (PID2019-109369RB-100 and AGL2018-78922-R). HB is supported by a predoctoral fellowship (“Plan Propio IBIMA 2020 A.1 Contratos predoctorales”, Ref.: predoc20_002). M.M.G. was the recipient of the Nicolas Monardes Programme from the “Servicio Andaluz de Salud, Junta de Andalucia”, Spain (RC-0001-2018 and C-0029-2014). funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málag