Modeling the Interface Between the Social Geosystem and the Environment

Abstract. This article deals with the context of a new rationality in modeling due to the climate agenda and the introduction of ESG-type principles. We studied a geosystem with homogeneous ecosystems that have a similar geological basement, relief mesoforms, and industrial-territorial complexes. They function in a unified institutional climate. In this case, the focus was on the mesoscale of the systems. The institutional order was based on the relationship between private and general institutions, and organizational features of regions. The Dixit-Stiglitz monopolistic competition model was used to account for financial performance and utility in an equilibrium industry with high nature intensity. What was new was the introduction of the concept of social brands associated with ecosystem services and used simultaneously to account for the utility and customization of the new economic order, as well as the introduction of a social discount rate (a discount factor). Social brands create a certain ‘green’ meaningful context in relation to natural capital and acting brands through social platforms. Thus, the society, through the mechanism of social brands, is offered a new format of interactions in which the structure of social brands becomes a priority in relation to the productive structure of the economy. Keywords: climate agenda, natural and social geosystems, utility, social discount, social bran

Career guidance experience abroad

The aim of this paper is to describe the experience of careeroriented activities carried out with students of schools in developed and developing countries. Career Guidance in Russia, despite the vast experience of its implementation, is experiencing serious difficulties. In this regard, it is important to take into account the international experience career-oriented activities, such as in the developed countries of North America and the European Union as well as in several Asian countries with rapidly growing economies and a large demographic potential, taking into account the best variants for the Russian education system. Methods. The experience of career-oriented work undertaken with pupils of the USA, Canada, Israel, France, UK, Germany, Denmark, Sweden, Japan, Singapore, China and India is shown on the basis of the comparative analysis of different publications and information sources. The author has made an attempt to generalize the principles of psycho-pedagogical and administrative assistance in professional self-determination of senior pupils abroad. Scientific novelty. The approaches to career-oriented activities in countries with different levels of economic development are compared for the first time. Some principles are revealed. Firstly, the higher the income level per capita in the country, the greater attention is given to vocational guidance. The politics in the developed countries is based on interests of the individual: children’s acquaintance with the world of professions begins already at younger school and the moment of definitive selfdetermination is postponed till the end of their senior stage of education; the possibility of direction change of professional preparation in case of detection of discrepancy of qualities of the pupil to originally selected profile is provided. Career-oriented activity in developing countries, on the contrary, is rigidly coordinated to requirements of economy and a labour market; earlier fixing of professional preferences and less flexible relation to an unsuccessful choice of a speciality or profession of the youth is marked there. The most typical characteristics of foreign career-oriented schemes are the following: the organisation of continuous training lasting throughout all school; supervision over students’ achievements, propensities and hobbies; portfolio or cumulative files drafting and recording data of all pupil’s results while professional consulting and selection of entrants for vocational training continuation in colleges or high schools. The author points out the general characteristic: the economy requirement for high quality experts on the basis of selection of the pupils who are able to master high-end technologies and have an obvious potential of professional growth and personal development. Practical significance. The research materials and implementations can be useful to Russian career-and professional specialists, and the experts who are engaged in education management Цель настоящей публикации – описание профориентационной деятельности, осуществляемой в системах школьного образования разных стран. Подобная работа в России, несмотря на огромный опыт ее осуществления в прошлом, сейчас испытывает серьезные сложности. Поэтому важно учитывать имеющиеся положительные результаты зарубежной практики в этой области, проецируя лучшие ее варианты на отечественную почву. Методы и результаты. На основе сравнительного анализа информации из различных источников показана специфика профориентационной работы со школьниками в США, Канаде, Израиле, Франции, Великобритании, Германии, Дании, Швеции, Японии, Сингапуре, Китае и Индии. Автором предпринята попытка обобщить принципы организации психолого-педагогической и административной помощи в профессиональном самоопределении старшеклассников. Научная новизна. Впервые сопоставлены подходы к профориентационной деятельности в странах с различным уровнем экономического развития. Обнаружено несколько закономерностей. Чем выше в государстве уровень дохода на душу населения, тем большее внимания оно уделяет профориентационной работе. В развитых странах политика в данной сфере основана, прежде всего, на интересах индивида; знакомство детей с миром профессий начинается уже в младшей школе, а момент окончательного самоопределения отложен до завершения старшей ступени обучения, причем предусмотрена возможность смены направления профподготовки в случае обнаружения несоответствия качеств учащегося первоначально избранному профилю. В развивающихся странах профориентационная деятельность, напротив, жестко увязана с потребностями экономики и рынка труда; здесь отмечается более ранняя фиксация профессиональных предпочтений и менее гибкое отношение к неудачному выбору специальности молодым человеком. Для всех зарубежных схем профориентационной работы типична организация непрерывного, длящегося на протяжении всего школьного обучения, наблюдения за достижениями, склонностями и увлечениями детей, составление их портфолио и учет всех этих сведений при профконсультировании и отборе абитуриентов для продолжения профессионального обучения в колледжах или вузах. Общей является потребность экономик в высококлассных специалистах на основе отбора учащихся, способных к освоению сложных наукоемких технологий, имеющих явный потенциал профессионального роста и личностного развития. Практическая значимость. Материалы статьи будут полезны отечественным профориентаторам и специалистам, занимающимся управлением образования

О возможности эффективного ответа на индустриальный вызов в контексте взаимодействия человека и природы

Показано, что естественные рентообразующие факторы со значительными транзакционными издержками подавляются институциональными и пространственно связанными факторами. Сформулирован закон пространственного неравенства возможностей и перспектив развития территорий. Закон приводит к когнитивному диссонансу (в методологии измерения экономического и природного капитала) и декаплингу (в практике взаимодействия центра и периферии). Чтобы начинать двигаться в сторону реального разрешения противоречия между экономикой и природой, необходимо пересмотреть в рамках новой рациональности подход, когда акцент ставится не на производственные структуры, а на воспроизводственные территориальные структуры социальных отношений (рассматриваемые в ключе геосистемы в контексте понимания коэволюции социальных систем и экосистем). В исследовании подчеркивается необходимость учета институциональной матрицы, баланса экстрактивных и инклюзивных институтов и других пространственно связанных факторов в рамках модели взаимодействия центр - периферия. The report shows that natural rent-generating factors with significant transaction costs are suppressed by institutional and spatially related factors. The law of spatial inequality of opportunities and prospects for the development of territories is formulated. The law leads to cognitive dissonance (in the methodology of measuring economic and natural capital) and decupling (in the practice of interaction between the center and the periphery). In order to start moving towards a real resolution of the contradiction between economy and nature, it is necessary to revise the approach within the framework of a new rationality, when the focus is not on production structures, but on the reproductive territorial structures of social relations (considered in the key of geosystems in the context of understanding the co-evolution of social systems and ecosystems). The study emphasizes the need to take into account the institutional matrix, the balance of extractive and inclusive institutions and other spatially related factors within the framework of the center-periphery interaction model

Depth Profiling of Multilayer Mo/Si Nanostructures

A round-robin characterization is reported on the sputter depth profiling of [60(3.0 nm Mo/ 0.3 nm B4C/ 3.7 nm Si)] and [60 (3.5 nm Mo/ 3.5 nm Si)] stacks deposited on Si (111). Two different commercial secondary ion mass spectrometers with time-of-flight and magnetic-sector analyzers and a pulsed radio frequency glow discharge optical emission spectrometer were used. The pros and cons of each instrumental approach are discussed. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3526

Tragedy “Mozart and Salieri”: Conflict Phenomenology and Culturology

The questions linked with originality of the conflict in Pushkin’s tragedy “Mozart and Salieri” are considered. The relevance of the study is due to the extreme complexity and fundamental controversy of Pushkin’s position in the genre search of the era. Special attention is paid to the phenomenological and cultural aspects of the conflict. On the part of phenomenology, the conflict is characterized as “inconsistent” and thus achieves extraordinary vitality against the background of the era. It is shown that this is a conflict that is brought into the consciousness of one hero (Salieri) and that constantly changes its characteristics. On the part of culturology, the conflict is characterized by the involvement of mixed features of classical and romantic literature. In addition, it has long been noted that it is complicated by the connection of complex cultural contexts. In particular, two contexts are additionally involved in the analysis in the article: musical-genre disputes of the 18th century and contrasting masks (Heraclitus and Democritus). The author comes to the conclusion that Mozart and Salieri are not antagonists in the spirit of the classical antinomy of characters and beliefs: they are a two-dimensional unity (both being “the sons of harmony”), composed of intuitive genius and deep rationalism, the latter within the boundaries of romantic anthropology most convincingly revealed through “villainy”

Экономика природо- и землепользования в контексте карбоновой повестки

Исследование посвящено созданию аналитического инструментария в рамках формирования мониторинга в целях получения ответов на карбоновый вызов и достижения глубины понимания фундаментальных противоречий структуры социально-природных отношений. Мониторинг необходим для подсчета углеродного баланса и формирования своевременных легитимных финансовых и институциональных решений. Для учета финансового результата и полезности в условиях равновесия отрасли с высокой природоемкостью используется модель монополистической конкуренции Диксита - Стиглица с применением ставки социального дисконтирования, учитывающей особенности территорий. This research focuses on the creation of an analytical toolkit as part of monitoring formation to answer the Carboniferous challenge and achieve a deeper understanding of fundamental contradictions in the structure of socio-natural relations. This monitoring is necessary to calculate the carbon balance and to formulate timely legitimate financial and institutional decisions. The Dixit-Stiglitz monopolistic competition model, using an area-specific social discount rate, is used to account for financial performance and utility in an equilibrium high nature-intensive industry

Network intelligence as a necessity of the new time

Realization of a modernization agenda requires improvement of competencies and intellectualization of territorial development of the management system in conditions of increasing uncertainty of the management situation and systemic risks. The purpose of our study was to analyze a spatial distribution of an intellectual potential of regions and propose a conclusion about leveling of risks from gaps in the economic space. We consider the following competencies as a basis of a potential that determines intellectualization of the management system. This is the ability to train personnel of HSQ and create and promote innovations. The factor analysis was used as a tool. The following conclusion was made: it is necessary to pay attention to development of national scientific schools because the education system is a basis for a formation of the competence economy. Moreover, it is necessary to stimulate development of the entire system of knowledge reproduction, and the entire space without gaps. The pandemic forced active development of digital platforms, transferring many spheres of public life. Opportunities for creating “the network intelligence” have increased. The need to improve competencies has increased, including development of a digital environment. It is possible to eliminate systemic risks that have arisen due to the gap in the economic space by strengthening collaborations based on digital platforms and forming “the network intelligence”. The basic element of knowledge reproduction is training of qualified personnel at the university education system. Therefore, it is necessary to continue strengthening the integration and form collective models of the innovation process

Influence of Bilayer Thickness on Mechanical and Tribological Properties of (Ti-Al)N/MoN Nanostructured Hard Coatings Deposited by Cathodic Arc Ion Plating

Funding Information: This scientific work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant Nos. 12305328 and 12375285 and by the Shenzhen Municipal Committee on Science and Technology Innovation under grant No. JCYJ20220530140605011. Publisher Copyright: © 2023 by the authors.Deposition of (Ti-Al)N/MoN multilayered coatings was carried out through a cathodic ion-plating system in an argon and then nitrogen atmosphere. Bilayer thickness (Λ) of all the samples were achieved, from 22 to 104 nm, by organizing substrate holder rotational speed (SRS). To obtain the optimum properties of the (Ti-Al)N/MoN coatings, the Ti and Al ratio was maintained at a level of 1:1. X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Raman spectroscopy were utilized to analyze the crystal structure and morphology of the coatings. Mechanical and tribological properties were examined by nanohardness and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The preferred orientation of the (Ti-Al)N/MoN nanoscale multilayer films was TiAlN (200) and MoN (200), which had face centered cubic (fcc) and hexagonal structures, respectively. The hardness increased with the decrease in Λ (104 nm to 26 nm), and then it increased. The highest hardness of 37 GPa was revealed at Λ = 26 nm, whereas the least wear rate of 8.09 × 10−7 mm3/N.m was attained at Λ = 22 nm. Wear rate, roughness, and coefficient of friction were decreased with decreasing bilayer period. EDS results showed that Al and Ti contents were almost the same in all samples, as per design of the experiment.publishersversionpublishe

Public Diplomacy in Cross-Border Cooperation

The chapter deals with migration challenges, a burning topic crucial for both the EU and the world. Hereby, public diplomacy tools are of huge interest as a factor influencing social and cultural space sustainability, especially, of cross-border territories. This chapter deals with complex studies of the Finnish case particularly migrants’ inclusion analysis into local cultural and political environments as well as public diplomacy impact evaluation of an important “soft power” tool where migrants’ role is rather high. The research method of migrants as a “soft power” is based upon interviews, which result in respondents’ typology development; political information channels were defined; and the influence of education and social inclusion upon political communication was characterized. The resulting characteristics of migrants’ political communication might be of high interest in terms of migration policy regulation and understanding the issue of migration quotas and help to predict structural changes in society and also to provide the basis for making decisions on the effective use of public diplomacy tools. At the same time, we believe that via public diplomacy tools it is necessary to rely on not only separate national cultural aspects but also the whole civilizational image‑the so-called nation’s gestalt