Postcard: Wilder Brothers Shipping Confirmation

This black and white printed postcard depicts a receipt for a completed order from Wilder Brothers. The front of the card is filled with text. Handwriting is on one line of the form. Red ink is stamped in the middle of the card. The back of the card contains handwriting.https://scholars.fhsu.edu/tj_postcards/1698/thumbnail.jp

Loss Of Trees In Nemaha County, Nebraska, Since 1856 Due To Agricultural Expansion

Forest surveys of Nebraska were conducted in 1955 and 1977 (Shasby, 1977). These surveys sought to characterize species, total area, and size classes of economically important trees. Information gained from these surveys is very alarming. The counties of Nernaha, Otoe, and Richardson in the southeastern survey district have lost between 34.7% and 53.9% of their trees during that 22-yr period. These are critical losses considering that these counties are only 2.8% to 5.5% forested. The purpose of this study was to investigate historical changes in tree vegetation that occurred in Nemaha County. The trees as they occurred in the county when settlers started to colonize this part of Nebraska were studied. For this, the General Land Office surveys were helpful. Information of this type has been used to categorize presettlement forests in several states (Steams, 1949; Spurr, 1951; Shanks, 1953; Bourdo, 1956; Wuenscher and Valiunas, 1967; Leitner and J ackson, 1981). Most of these studies did not concentrate on using available information to define losses in vegetation that occurred since the original surveys. Information in the General Land Office surveys can be used to determine the location, area, size classes, and species of trees that occurred in the past

Loss Of Trees In Nemaha County, Nebraska, Since 1856 Due To Agricultural Expansion

Forest surveys of Nebraska were conducted in 1955 and 1977 (Shasby, 1977). These surveys sought to characterize species, total area, and size classes of economically important trees. Information gained from these surveys is very alarming. The counties of Nernaha, Otoe, and Richardson in the southeastern survey district have lost between 34.7% and 53.9% of their trees during that 22-yr period. These are critical losses considering that these counties are only 2.8% to 5.5% forested. The purpose of this study was to investigate historical changes in tree vegetation that occurred in Nemaha County. The trees as they occurred in the county when settlers started to colonize this part of Nebraska were studied. For this, the General Land Office surveys were helpful. Information of this type has been used to categorize presettlement forests in several states (Steams, 1949; Spurr, 1951; Shanks, 1953; Bourdo, 1956; Wuenscher and Valiunas, 1967; Leitner and J ackson, 1981). Most of these studies did not concentrate on using available information to define losses in vegetation that occurred since the original surveys. Information in the General Land Office surveys can be used to determine the location, area, size classes, and species of trees that occurred in the past

Forage yield and quality, cattle grazing capacity, cost of production and soil carbon in an annual polycrop mixture versus barley swath grazing

Non-Peer ReviewedThe extensive swath grazing systems of barley (Hordeum vulgare) and an annual polycrop mixture were evaluated for forage yield, forage quality, cattle grazing capacity, and cost of production in 2017 and 2018. A 13.2 ha site located at Livestock and Forage Centre of Excellence Termuende Research Ranch was seeded in June and grazing commenced in November of each year. The annual polycrop mixture was Union Forage Ultimate Annual Blend with the addition of 40-10 forage peas (Pisum sativa). The Ultimate Annual Blend included the following species: hairy vetch (Vicia villosa), crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum), Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), Winfred forage brassica (Brassica napus ssp. biennis), Hunter Brassica (Brassica rapa syn.B campestris), and Graza Forage Brassica forage brassica (Raphanus sativa ssp. maritimus). The barley cultivar was CDC Maverick barley

Guidance in author instructions of hematology and oncology journals: A cross sectional and longitudinal study.

The debate about the value of biomedical publications led to recommendations for improving reporting quality. It is unclear to what extent these recommendations have been endorsed by journals. We analyzed whether specific recommendations were included in author instructions, which journal characteristics were associated with their endorsement, how endorsement of the domains changed and whether endorsement was associated with change of impact factor between 2010 and 2015. We considered two study samples consisting of "Hematology" and "Oncology" journals of the Journal Citation Report 2008 and 2014, respectively. We extracted information regarding endorsement of the (1) recommendations of the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors, of (2) reporting guidelines, (3) requirement for trial registration and (4) disclosure of conflicts of interest. Data extraction was done by reading the author instructions before conducting a text search with keywords. We calculated a global generalized linear mixed effects model for endorsement of each of the four domains followed by separate multivariable logistic regression models and a longitudinal analysis. We defined endorsement as the author instructions saying that they approve the use of the recommendations. In 2015, the ICMJE recommendations were mentioned in author instructions of 156 journals (67.5%). CONSORT was referred to by 77 journals (33.3%); MOOSE, PRISMA, STARD and STROBE were referred to by less than 15% of journals. There were 99 journals (42.9%) that recommended or required trial registration, 211 (91.3%) required authors to disclose conflicts of interest. Journal impact factor, journal start year and geographical region were positively associated with endorsement of any of the four domains. The overall endorsement of all domains increased between 2010 and 2015. The endorsement of any domain in 2010 seemed to be associated with an increased impact factor in 2014. Hematology and oncology journals endorse major recommendations to various degrees. Endorsement is increasing slowly over time and might be positively associated with the journals' impact factor

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) receptor/IL-6 fusion protein (Hyper IL-6) effects on the neonatal mouse brain: Possible role for IL-6 trans-signaling in brain development and functional neurobehavioral outcomes

Adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes are linked to perinatal production of inflammatory mediators, including interleukin 6 (IL-6). While a pivotal role for maternal elevation in IL-6 has been established in determining neurobehavioral outcomes in the offspring and considered the primary target mediating the fetal inflammatory response, questions remain as to the specific actions of IL-6 on the developing brain. CD-1 male mice received a subdural injection of the bioactive fusion protein, hyper IL-6 (HIL-6) on postnatal-day (PND)4 and assessed from preweaning until adulthood. Immunohistochemical evaluation of astrocytes and microglia and mRNA levels for pro-inflammatory cytokines and host response genes indicated no evidence of an acute neuroinflammatory injury response. HIL-6 accelerated motor development and increased reactivity to stimulation and number of entries in a light/dark chamber, decreased ability to learn to withhold a response in passive avoidance, and effected deficits in social novelty behavior. No changes were observed in motor activity, pre-pulse startle inhibition, or learning and memory in the Morris water maze or radial arm maze, as have been reported for models of more severe developmental neuroinflammation. In young animals, mRNA levels for MBP and PLP/DM20 decreased and less complexity of MBP processes in the cortex was evident by immunohistochemistry. The non-hydroxy cerebroside fraction of cerebral lipids was increased. These results provide evidence for selective effects of IL-6 signaling, particularly trans-signaling, in the developing brain in the absence of a general neuroinflammatory response. These data contribute to our further understanding of the multiple aspects of IL-6 signaling in the developing brain

Morphometry Based on Effective and Accurate Correspondences of Localized Patterns (MEACOLP)

Local features in volumetric images have been used to identify correspondences of localized anatomical structures for brain morphometry. However, the correspondences are often sparse thus ineffective in reflecting the underlying structures, making it unreliable to evaluate specific morphological differences. This paper presents a morphometry method (MEACOLP) based on correspondences with improved effectiveness and accuracy. A novel two-level scale-invariant feature transform is used to enhance the detection repeatability of local features and to recall the correspondences that might be missed in previous studies. Template patterns whose correspondences could be commonly identified in each group are constructed to serve as the basis for morphometric analysis. A matching algorithm is developed to reduce the identification errors by comparing neighboring local features and rejecting unreliable matches. The two-sample t-test is finally adopted to analyze specific properties of the template patterns. Experiments are performed on the public OASIS database to clinically analyze brain images of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and normal controls (NC). MEACOLP automatically identifies known morphological differences between AD and NC brains, and characterizes the differences well as the scaling and translation of underlying structures. Most of the significant differences are identified in only a single hemisphere, indicating that AD-related structures are characterized by strong anatomical asymmetry. In addition, classification trials to differentiate AD subjects from NC confirm that the morphological differences are reliably related to the groups of interest

Subsequent full publication of qualitative studies presented at United Kingdom Royal College of Nursing Research Conference 2015 and 2016 : a follow‐up study

A considerable proportion of quantitative research remains unpublished once completed. Little research has documented non-dissemination and dissemination bias in qualitative research. This study aimed to generate evidence on the extent of non-dissemination in qualitative research. We followed a cohort of qualitative studies presented as conference abstracts to ascertain their subsequent publication status. We searched for subsequent full publication in MEDLINE, in the Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature and in Google Scholar. We matched abstracts to subsequent publications according to authors, method of data collection and phenomenon of interest. Fisher's exact test was calculated to examine associations between study characteristics and publication. Factors potentially associated with time to publication were evaluated with Cox regression analysis. For 91 of 270 included abstracts (33.70%; 95% CI 28.09%–39.68%), no full publication was identified. Factors that were found to be associated with subsequent full publication were oral presentation (OR 4.62; 95% CI 2.43–8.94) and university affiliation (OR 1.96; 95% CI 1.05–3.66). Compared to oral presentations, studies presented as posters took longer time to reach full publication (hazard ratio 0.35, 95% CI 0.21–0.58). This study shows that it was not possible to retrieve a full publication for over one-third of abstracts. Our findings suggest that where this non-dissemination is systematic, it may lead to distortions of the qualitative evidence-base for decision-making through dissemination bias. Our findings are congruent with those of other studies. Further research might investigate non-dissemination of qualitative studies in other disciplines to consolidate our findings

Central memory phenotype drives success of checkpoint inhibition in combination with CAR T cells

The immunosuppressive microenvironment in solid tumors is thought to form a barrier to the entry and efficacy of cell-based therapies such as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells. Combining CAR T cell therapy with checkpoint inhibitors has been demonstrated to oppose immune escape mechanisms in solid tumors and augment antitumor efficacy. We evaluated PD-1/PD-L1 signaling capacity and the impact of an inhibitor of this checkpoint axis in an in vitro system for cancer cell challenge, the coculture of L1CAM-specific CAR T cells with neuroblastoma cell lines. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting-based analyses and luciferase reporter assays were used to assess PD-1/PD-L1 expression on CAR T and tumor cells as well as CAR T cell ability to kill neuroblastoma cells. Coculturing neuroblastoma cell lines with L1CAM-CAR T cells upregulated PD-L1 expression on neuroblastoma cells, confirming adaptive immune resistance. Exposure to neuroblastoma cells also upregulated the expression of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis in CAR T cells. The checkpoint inhibitor, nivolumab, enhanced L1CAM-CAR T cell-directed killing. However, nivolumab-enhanced L1CAM-CAR T cell killing did not strictly correlate with PD-L1 expression on neuroblastoma cells. In fact, checkpoint inhibitor success relied on strong PD-1/PD-L1 axis expression in the CAR T cells, which in turn depended on costimulatory domains within the CAR construct, and more importantly, on the subset of T cells selected for CAR T cell generation. Thus, T cell subset selection for CAR T cell generation and CAR T cell prescreening for PD-1/PD-L1 expression could help determine when combination therapy with checkpoint inhibitors could improve treatment efficacy

Role of the polymorphonuclear leukocyte: Interaction with nosocomial pathogens

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/47898/1/10096_2005_Article_BF01964115.pd