Izazovi transnacionalizma među drugom generacijom srpskih migranata u Švajcarskoj

This paper presents the results of a survey conducted among members of the second generation of Serbian migrants born in Switzerland. Thanks to the data obtained through the application of qualitative research, there are presented activities of the respondents in the transnational area. Their engagement on the route between Serbia and Switzerland is reflected in four areas of transnationalism: direct/indirect contacts, transnational engagement in the receiving state, remittances and visits to the country of origin and return plans. The results indicate that children of migrants who come from a family whose members are active in a transnational space, in most cases, adopt the same norms of behavior and it plays a crucial role in the process of identity formation. However, their transnational behavior on the relationship between the two states has different form, and the transnational activities examined do not condition each other.U radu su prikazani rezultati istraživanja sprovedenog među pripadnicima druge generacije srpskih migranata rođenih u Švajcarskoj. Zahvaljujući podacima dobijenim primenom kvalitativnog istraživanja, predstavljene su aktivnosti ispitanika u transnacionalnom prostoru. Njihovo angažovanje na relaciji između Srbije i Švajcarske je prikazano kroz četiri oblasti transnacionalizma: direktni/indirektni kontakti, transnacionalno angažovanje u državi prijema, doznake, posete državi porekla i planovi o povratku. Rezultati ukazuju da deca migranata koja potiču iz porodice čiji su članovi aktivni u transnacionalnom prostoru, u većini slučajeva, i sama usvajaju iste norme ponašanja, što ima presudnu ulogu u procesu formiranja identiteta. Međutim, njihovo transnacionalno ponašanje na relaciji između dve države je različitog oblika, te ispitane transnacionalne aktivnosti ne uslovljavaju jedna drugu

IMPROVING PERFORMANCE OF VAT SYSTEM IN DEVELOPING EU COUNTRIES: ESTIMATING THE DETERMINANTS OF THE RATIO C-EFFICIENCY IN THE PERIOD 1997-2017

Indirect taxes have a significant place in developing EU countries’ tax systems. The article sums up scholars of different scientists, dealing with the impact of VAT efficiency determinants. The purpose of this study is to investigate the determinants of VAT collection efficiency in the EU developing countries. The study relies on relevant data in transparent international statistical databases, covering the period from 1997 to 2017. The main research question in this paper is: does rise in value added tax rate negatively affect VAT collection efficiency in the EU developing countries. Accordingly, one of the independent variables included in the survey is standard annual VAT rate. In addition to standard VAT rate, as a determinant of VAT collection efficiency, we analyze: economic growth rate, export of goods, export of services, wages and salaries, household consumption. The hypotheses set are analyzed using correlation and regression analyses. Empirical results show a positive effect of economic growth rate, export of goods, and the negative effect of two variables: standard VAT rate and household consumption. The two observed variables, export of services and wages and salaries, do not show a statistically significant effect. The results obtained using appropriate statistical tools serve as guidelines to macroeconomic policy makers to generate higher tax revenues from VAT. By analyzing the C-efficiency determinant, we design a relevant development strategy approach for economically underdeveloped EU countries.Indirect taxes have a significant place in developing EU countries’ tax systems. The article sums up scholars of different scientists, dealing with the impact of VAT efficiency determinants. The purpose of this study is to investigate the determinants of VAT collection efficiency in the EU developing countries. The study relies on relevant data in transparent international statistical databases, covering the period from 1997 to 2017. The main research question in this paper is: does rise in value added tax rate negatively affect VAT collection efficiency in the EU developing countries. Accordingly, one of the independent variables included in the survey is standard annual VAT rate. In addition to standard VAT rate, as a determinant of VAT collection efficiency, we analyze: economic growth rate, export of goods, export of services, wages and salaries, household consumption. The hypotheses set are analyzed using correlation and regression analyses. Empirical results show a positive effect of economic growth rate, export of goods, and the negative effect of two variables: standard VAT rate and household consumption. The two observed variables, export of services and wages and salaries, do not show a statistically significant effect. The results obtained using appropriate statistical tools serve as guidelines to macroeconomic policy makers to generate higher tax revenues from VAT. By analyzing the C-efficiency determinant, we design a relevant development strategy approach for economically underdeveloped EU countries

Immunoreactive neuropeptides in the cells of human thymus

The study was designed to explore the expression of different neuropeptides, viz. vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP), substance P (SP), bombesin and motilin in the cells of fetal and adult human thymus. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that cortical and medullary thymocytes were labeled by all antibodies, except those specific for motilin. Immunoreactive VIP and SP were observed in the solitary epithelial cells located in the subcapsular/subtrabecular cortex, at the corticomedullary junction and in the medulla. The cells within the subcapsular/subtrabecular monolayer, rare solitary cells in the deep cortex and epithelial cell network in the medulla, were labeled with antibodies to CGRP and bombesin. Hassall's corpuscles were labeled with all antibodies except that specific for SP. The obtained data obtained testify to the expression of different neuropeptides in human thymic lymphoid and non-lymphoid cells and suggest a role for neuroendocrine hormone-mediated mechanisms in the regulation of thymic homeostasis in humans

Mikrobiom kože i kozmetički proizvodi

Microflora or microbiota is a term that describes millions of different organisms (bacteria, yeasts, fungi, viruses) that live on human skin (1). The microbiome of human skin has become the focus of the dermatological and cosmetic research, and latter studies suggest that its’ maintenance is essential for healthy and good looking skin. Cosmetic products can shape specific microbial communities of the skin by changing their chemical environment. Cosmetic cleansing products are effective in maintaining skin hygiene and a healthy biofilm, and special attention is given to antibacterial soaps which could eliminate both pathogenic and beneficial microorganisms. Consequently, the reduction in the number of good bacteria caused by the frequent use of antibacterial soaps can lead to negative effects on skin health in the long run. A study evaluating the impact and effects of regular use of cosmetic products on skin microbiome showed that cosmetic products alter bacterial diversity – inducing a temporary change in the number and proportion of bacteria on the skin, this being specific for the type of cosmetic product, the place of application and the person (2). The results obtained in another study indicate that the use of synthetic ingredients could cause the damage of skin microbiome (3). The cosmetics industry has focused on the production of new cosmetic products that would affect the microbiome in order to improve the appearance and condition of the skin, and the development of these products involves one of three basic approaches: balancing or improvement of the skin microbiome, protection of skin microbiome and activation of skin microbiome in order to achieve beneficial effects on the skin. Data on the importance of microbiome and its metabolites in functioning of the skin barrier drew the attention of cosmetic scientists to bacterial lysates, fermentation products and metabolites to be used as cosmetic active ingredients that can achieve positive effects on the skin in various types of cosmetics. The main challenges in the development of cosmetic active ingredients and cosmetic products in the service of microbiome are their safety, stability and efficacy investigation, and substation of microbiome claims for these products.Mikroflora ili mikrobiota je termin koji opisuje milione različitih mikroorganizama (bakterije, kvasci, gljivice, virusi) koji žive na ljudskoj koži (1). Mikrobiom ljudske kože postao je fokus u oblasti dermatologije i kozmetologije, a brojna istraživanja upućuju na to da je održavanje njegovog balansa od suštinskog značaja za zdravu kožu i njen lep izgled. Kozmetički proizvodi mogu uticati na oblikovanje specifičnih mikrobnih zajednica kože usled promena njihovog hemijskog okruženja. Kozmetički proizvodi za čišćenje kože su efikasni u održavanju higijene kože i zdravog biofilma, a posebna pažnja posvećuje se antibakterijskim sapunima, koji mogu eliminisati i patogene i korisne mikroorganizme. Shodno tome, smanjenje broja dobrih bakterija izazvano čestom upotrebom antibakterijskih sapuna dugoročno može dovesti do negativnih efekata na zdravlje kože. U studiji u kojoj je procenjen uticaj i efekti redovne upotrebe kozmetičkih proizvoda na mikrobiom kože pokazano je da kozmetički proizvodi menjaju mikrobiom utičući na bakterijski diverzitet, dovodeći do privremenih promena u količini i odnosu prisutnih bakterija, pri čemu su promene specifične za vrstu kozmetičkog proizvoda, mesto primene i osobu (2). U drugoj studiji dobijeni rezultati ukazuju na to da upotreba sintetičkih sastojaka iz kozmetičkih proizvoda može dovesti do oštećenja mikrobioma kože (3). Kozmetička industrija usmerila se na proizvodnju novih kozmetičkih proizvoda koji bi delovanjem na mikrobiom uticali na poboljšanje izgleda i stanja kože, a razvoj ovih proizvoda podrazumeva jedan od tri osnovna pristupa: pokušaj balansiranja ili poboljšanja mikrobioma kože, zaštitu mikrobioma kože i aktiviranje mikrobioma u ostvarivanju različitih efekata na koži. Podaci o značaju mikrobioma i njegovih metabolita u funkcionisanju kožne barijere usmerile su pažnju kozmetologa na mogućnost upotrebe bakterijskih lizata, fermentacionih produkata i metabolita, kao kozmetički aktivnih sastojaka koji mogu ostvariti pozitivne efekte na kožu u različitim vrstama kozmetičkih proizvoda. Glavni izazov u razvoju kozmetički aktivnih supstanci ili kozmetičkih proizvoda u službi mikrobioma je ispitivanje njihove bezbednosti, stabilnosti i efikasnosti, odnosno potkrepljivanje tvrdnji vezanih za ove proizvode odgovarajućim dokazima.Drugi naučni simpozijum Saveza farmaceutskih udruženja Srbije sa međunarodnim učešćem, 28. 10. 2021. Beogra

Organizational identification, commitment and orientations of professional military personnel

Uvod/Cilj. Sve vojne organizacije traže takve zaposlene koji će se zalagati za misiju organizacije i delovati odgovorno u smeru postizanja ciljeva operativnih i radnih grupa kojima pripadaju. U skladu s tim, primarni zadatak menadžmenta vojnih organizacija nije samo formiranje pripadnika koji bi bili posvećeni organizaciji već i oficira i vojnika koji se identifikuju sa organizacionom misijom. Cilj istraživanja bio je da se ispita postojanje razlika u organizacionoj identifikaciji, predanosti organizaciji i organizacionim orijentacijama kod profesionalnih vojnih lica i lica zaposlenih u uslužnim i administrativnim delatnostima. Metode. Uzorak istraživanja činilo je ukupno 450 ispitanika - 150 profesionalnih pripadnika vojske, 150 zaposlenih u civilnom sektoru na uslužnim poslovima i 150 zaposlenih u civilnom sektoru na administrativnim poslovima. Za statističku obradu podataka korišćene su analiza varijanse i kanonička diskriminativna analiza. Rezultati. Profesionalna vojna lica odlikovao je visok stepen kako organizacione predanosti tako i organizacione identifikacije u poređenju sa zaposlenima u civilnom sektoru na uslužnim i administrativnim delatnostima. Kroz postupak kanoničke diskriminacione analize utvrđeno je da je profesionalna vojna lica od ostalih razlikovao visok stepen doživljaja sličnosti sa kolegama i visok stepen lojalnosti vojnoj organizaciji, kao ključnim aspektima organizacione identifikacije. Uz to, profesionalna vojna lica imala su izraženiju afektivnu privrženost organizaciji. Zaključak. Ljudski resursi predstavljaju ključ i glavni faktor konkurentske prednosti u kontekstu snažne konkurentnosti na polju vojno-odbrambene realnosti. S obzirom na to da su oni adaptibilniji i fleksibilniji, u poređenju sa tehnološko-strukturalnim resursima, visok stepen doživljaja sličnosti sa ostalim pripadnicima organizacije, izražena lojalnost i afektivna predanost organizaciji, u dobroj meri garantuju nove uspehe i napredak vojne organizacije.Background/Aim. All military organizations seek such employees who will advocate for the organization's mission and act responsibly in the direction of achieving the objectives of operational and working groups to which they belong. Accordingly, the primary task of the military organization management is not only the cultivation of the members who would be committed to the organization, but also the officers and soldiers who identify with the organizational mission. The aim of this study was to examine differences in organizational identification, commitment to the organization and organizational orientations of the professional military personnel and employees in service and administrative activities. Methods. The research sample consisted of 450 respondents, of whom 150 were professional soldiers, 150 civilian employees in the service sector and 150 employees in the civil sector in administration. For statistical analysis of the data, the analysis of variance and canonical discriminant analysis were used. Results. Professional military personnel was characterized by a high degree of both organizational commitment and organizational identification, compared with employees in the civil sector - service and administrative activities. Through the process of canonical discriminant analysis, it was found that the professional military personnel are different from the other personnel in the sense that they identify with their colleagues and they feel a high degree of loyalty to the military organization, as key aspects of organizational identification. In addition, professional military personnel have pronounced affective commitment to the organization. Conclusion. Human resources are the key and the essential factor of advantage in the context of strong competitiveness in the field of military defense's reality. Given that they are more adaptable and flexible, compared with the technological and structural resources, a high degree of experienced similarity with the other members of the organization, pronounced loyalty and affective commitment to the organization, to a large extent guarantee new successes and the progress of the military organization

The influence of tip sonication on structural and morphological properties of graphene

Although ultrasound is frequently used to disperse carbon nanomaterials in suitable solvents, the propagation of high-amplitude ultrasonic vibrations from the tip sonicator was found to be aggressive and has the potential to break down graphene sheets. Here, the effects of tip sonication time on structural and morphological properties of two types of graphene (graphene oxide and electrochemically exfoliated graphene) was investigated by UV-vis spectroscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy. It was found that the structural composition of the graphene was not affected by ultrasounds emitted from the tip sonicator even for the prolonged period of sonication (60 min). Microscopy analysis showed an increased portion of smaller graphene sheets in the sonicated samples for both types of graphene as a result of graphene sheet fragmentation caused by tip sonication

Primjena lijekova kod odabranih vulnerabilnih skupina: stare osobe u kliničkim ispitivanjima

“Vulnerabilna osoba je osoba koja ima veći rizik od ispitivača u kliničkoj studiji nego od samog oboljenja. Primjeri vulnerabilnih osoba uključuju bolesnike s vrlo ozbiljnim oboljenjima koji imaju velika pozitivna očekivanja od primjene novog lijeka, osobe koje imaju profesionalni odnos s istraživačima (npr. studenti medicine, medicinske sestre, zaposleni u farmaceutskim kompanijama i sl.).” Klinički istraživači u prošlosti su štitili vulnerabilne osobe isključujući ih iz istraživanja, ali taj pristup nije više moralno prihvatljiv. Istraživače se potiče da dizajniraju kliničke studije koje bi uključile vulnerabilne subjekte. Da bi postigli moralno valjane rezultate, klinički ispitivači moraju biti svjesni i prihvatiti smjernice i zahtjeve lokalnih etičkih odbora. Nije nerazumno zahtijevati od vulnerabilne osobe da prihvati razumni stupanj rizika u cilju dobrobiti budućih bolesnika