STUDY OF THE INFLUENCING NATURE OF METEOROLOGICAL FACTORS AIR TEMPERATURE AND RELATIVE HUMIDITY ON THE EXHALATION PROCESS OF 222RN/220RN GASES AT MAT FAULT

In-situ online data of 222Rn/220Rn gases, air temperature and relative humidity were measured at Mat fault, Mizoram (India) between May, 2018 and October, 2018 with a frequency of once a month. The measurement was carried out using a ZnS(Ag) alpha scintillation based counter named SMARTRnDuo (Model: BARC, India) equipped with capacitor type digital sensor (Model: DHT22/AM2302) for measuring the air temperature and relative humidity. The hourly and day-to-day variation of 222Rn/220Rn gases were correlated with the simultaneously recorded air temperature and relative humidity. The correlation analysis in general shows that 222Rn and 220Rn gases exhibit a negative correlation with air temperature and a positive correlation with relative humidity for the hourly average data. Understanding the influencing nature of meteorological parameters on 222Rn/220Rn exhalation is of vital importance especially in studies where 222Rn/220Rn gases were used as premonitory gases in order to avoid false signal. Hence the authors believe that the present study will serve as baseline data for future study carried out in the region related to 222Rn and 220Rn

Switchable valley filter based on a graphene pp-nn junction in a magnetic field

Low-energy excitations in graphene exhibit relativistic properties due to the linear dispersion relation close to the Dirac points in the first Brillouin zone. Two of the Dirac points located at opposite corners of the first Brillouin zone can be chosen as inequivalent, representing a new valley degree of freedom, in addition to the charge and spin of an electron. Using the valley degree of freedom to encode information has attracted significant interest, both theoretically and experimentally, and gave rise to the field of valleytronics. We study a graphene $p$-$n$ junction in a uniform out-of-plane magnetic field as a platform to generate and controllably manipulate the valley polarization of electrons. We show that by tuning the external potential giving rise to the $p$-$n$ junction we can switch the current from one valley polarization to the other. We also consider the effect of different types of edge terminations and present a setup, where we can partition an incoming valley-unpolarized current into two branches of valley-polarized currents. The branching ratio can be chosen by changing the location of the $p$-$n$ junction using a gate.Comment: 8 pages, 7 figure

Rotating light, OAM paradox and relativistic complex scalar field

Recent studies show that the angular momentum, both spin and orbital, of rotating light beams possesses counter-intuitive characteristics. We present a new approach to the question of orbital angular momentum of light based on the complex massless scalar field representation of light. The covariant equation for the scalar field is treated in rotating system using the general relativistic framework. First we show the equivalence of the U(1) gauge current for the scalar field with the Poynting vector continuity equation for paraxial light, and then apply the formalism to the calculation of the orbital angular momentum of rotating light beams. If the difference between the co-, contra-, and physical quantities is properly accounted for there does not result any paradox in the orbital angular momentum of rotating light. An artificial analogue of the paradoxical situation could be constructed but it is wrong within the present formalism. It is shown that the orbital angular momentum of rotating beam comprising of modes with opposite azimuthal indices corresponds to that of rigid rotation. A short review on the electromagnetism in noninertial systems is presented to motivate a fully covariant Maxwell field approach in rotating system to address the rotating light phenomenon.Comment: No figure

Shape of the Hanle curve in spin-transport structures in the presence of an ac drive

pre-printResistance between two ferromagnetic electrodes coupled to a normal channel depends on their relative magnetizations. The spin-dependent component, R, of the resistance changes with magnetic field, B, normal to the directions of magnetizations. In the field of spin transport, this change, R(B), originating from the Larmour spin precession, is called the Hanle curve. We demonstrate that the shape of the Hanle curve evolves upon application of an ac drive and study this evolution theoretically as a function of the amplitude, B1, and frequency, ω, of the drive. If the distance between the electrodes, L, is smaller than the spin-diffusion length, λs , the prime effect of a weak circular-polarized drive is the shift of the center of the curve to the value of B for which the Larmour frequency, ωL, is ∼B2 1/ω. Magnetic resonance at ωL ∼ ω manifests itself in the derivative, dR dB. For large L λs the ac drive affects the Hanle curve if the drive amplitude exceeds the spin-relaxation rate, τ −1 s , i.e., at B1τs 1. The prime effect of the drive is the elimination of a minimum in R(B). A linearly polarized drive has a fundamentally different effect on the Hanle curve, affecting not its shape but rather its width

Manifestation of two-channel nonlocal spin transport in the shapes of Hanle curves

pre-printThe dynamics of charge-density fluctuations in a system of two tunnel-coupled wires contains two diffusion modes with dispersion iω = Dq2 and iω = Dq2 + 2τt, where D is the diffusion coefficient and τt is the tunneling time between the wires. The dispersion of corresponding spin-density modes depends on magnetic field as a result of the spin precession with Larmour frequency ωL. The presence of two modes affects the shape of the Hanle curve describing the spin-dependent resistance R between the ferromagnetic strips covering the nonmagnetic wires. We demonstrate that the relative shapes of the R(ωL) curves, one measured within the same wire and the other measured between the wires, depends on the ratio τt /τs, where τs is the spin-diffusion time. If the coupling between the wires is local, i.e., only at the point x = 0, then the difference of the shapes of intrawire and interwire Hanle curves reflects the difference in statistics of diffusive trajectories, which "switch" or do not switch near x = 0. When one of the coupled wires is bent into a loop with a radius a, the shape of the Hanle curve reflects the statistics of random walks on the loop. This statistics is governed by the dimensionless parameter a/ √ Dτs

SHOTHAHARA ACTIVITIES OF DASHAMOOLA DRAVYAS AS AN ANTI INFLAMMATORY FORMULATION WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO CHARAK- A REVIEW

In Ayurveda texts, Charak Samhita deals with 50 different group of 10 herbs each with specific action and uses. It also deals with different basic formulations like Swarasa (juice), Kalka (paste), Kashaya (decoction) etc. Dashamoola is one of such 50 group of herbs as the name contains root of ten different plants i.e. Bilva, Gambhari, Shyonaka, Patala, Agnimantha, Prishniparni, Salparni, Kantakari, Vrihati & Gokshura. Of these, first five’s are known as Brihad panchamoola and the remaining as Laghoo panchamoola. It is used in the form of Kwath or  Arishta (fermented decoction) or Kashaya according to Ayurveda. This formulation is used primarily for headache, relief of pain and swelling related to arthritis, pyrexia, abdominal distension and costo-chondral pain etc. It is also described as an analgesic used in arthritis and rheumatic conditions by the Ayurvedic practitioners. It is believed that the 10 ingredients of  Dashamoola may be serving different roles like adjuvant, carrier agent and stabilizer etc. evident from several studies. After reviewing the different published literatures studies on experimental models have shown to possess anti-inflammatory and anti-analgesic activities which are enumerated in this paper

Evaluating the Chinese Revised Controlling Behaviors Scale (C-CBS-R)

The present study evaluated the utility of the Chinese version of the Revised Controlling Behaviors Scale (C-CBS-R) as a measure of controlling behaviors in violent Chinese intimate relationships. Using a mixed-methods approach, in-depth, individual interviews were conducted with 200 Chinese women survivors to elicit qualitative data about their personal experiences of control in intimate relationships. The use of controlling behaviors was also assessed using the C-CBS-R. Interview accounts suggested that the experiences of 91 of the women were consistent with the description of coercive control according to Dutton and Goodman’s (2005) conceptualization of coercion. Using the split-half validation procedure, a receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis was conducted with the first half of the sample. The area under the curve (AUC) for using the C-CBS-R to identify high control was .99, and the cutoff score of 1.145 maximized both sensitivity and specificity. Applying the cutoff score to the second half gave a sensitivity of 96% and a specificity of 95%. Overall, the C-CBS-R has demonstrated utility as a measure of controlling behaviors with a cutoff score for distinguishing high from low levels of control in violent Chinese intimate relationships

Relativistic anisotropic charged fluid spheres with varying cosmological constant

Static spherically symmetric anisotropic source has been studied for the Einstein-Maxwell field equations assuming the erstwhile cosmological constant $\Lambda$ to be a space-variable scalar, viz., $\Lambda = \Lambda(r)$. Two cases have been examined out of which one reduces to isotropic sphere. The solutions thus obtained are shown to be electromagnetic in origin as a particular case. It is also shown that the generally used pure charge condition, viz., $\rho + p_r = 0$ is not always required for constructing electromagnetic mass models.Comment: 15 pages, 3 eps figure