Educational Interpreting as a specialized type of Public Service Interpreting

The article examines characteristic features of educational interpreting as a specific field of professional activity within the framework of Public Service Interpreting. The article also considers criteria of effectiveness of interpreting in educational settings

Legal Aspects of Medical Interpreting and its Specific Features within PSI domain

The article examines characteristic features of medical interpreting as a specific field of professional activity within the framework of Public Service Interpreting as well as legal implications PSI provision. The article also considers specificity of interpreter-assisted doctor-patient communication, criteria of its effectiveness as well as the impact of institutional context on communicative goals and social identities of the participants

Structural and Functional Organization of the Vestibular Apparatus in Rats Subjected to Weightlessness for 19.5 Days Aboard the Kosmos-782 Satellite

The vestibular apparatus was investigated in rats subjected to weightlessness for 19.5 days. The vestibular apparatus was removed and its sections were fixed in a glutaraldehyde solution for investigation by light and electron microscopes. Structural and functional charges were noted in the otolith portions of the ear, with the otolith particles clinging to the utricular receptor surface and with the peripheral arrangement of the nucleolus in the nuclei of the receptor cells. It is possible that increased edema of the vestibular tissue resulted in the destruction of some receptor cells and in changes in the form and structure of the otolith. In the horizontal crista, the capula was separated

Pharmacoepidemiological study of the safety of drug use in children by analyzing the Russian database of spontaneous reports

Purpose. To study the structure of serious adverse drug reactions and «off label» drug use in children by means of analysis of the national pharmacovigilance database. Materials and methods. We analyzed 341 spontaneous reports about serious adverse reactions in children, submitted to the Russian pharmacovigilance database in 2012, and 467 suchlike spontaneous reports registered in 2015. Results. Children of preschool age have higher risk of medical therapy complications. Most frequently, skin (33,4% in 2012 and 38,7% in 2015) and organism as a whole (21,4 and 21,1%, respectively) were involved in the pathological process. Antimicrobial drugs for systemic use (43,5% in 2012 and 43,8% in 2015) and drugs for nervous system (25,1 and 26,1% respectively) often caused them. Unexpected serious adverse reactions accounted for 16,9% of all complications in children in 2012, 10,8% in 2015. It was established that 58,7% of suspected medicines in 2012 and 47,5% in 2015, the use of which was associated with the development of serious complications in pharmacotherapy in children, were prescribed with deviations from the recommendations of approved prescribing drug information. The main types of «off-label» drug use were inappropriate indications, deviations from the recommended dosage regimen, the use of a drug in the age group of patients, wherein the drug has not been approved, and the use of a drug in the presence of contraindications to its use. Conclusion. Our research confirms that the practice of «off-label» drug use in children is an independent risk factor for developing adverse drug reactions. It is shown that the method of spontaneous reporting can help to identify the problems of drug safety and to develop recommendations for minimizing the risk of complications of pharmacotherapy in pediatric practice

The Russian study of «off-label» drug use in pediatric practice: 2015 vs 2012

Purpose. To study and compare the structure of off-label drug use in children in 2012 and 2015 by means of analysis of the national pharmacovigilance database. Materials and methods. We conducted a comparative analysis of 341 spontaneous reports about serious adverse reactions in children, submitted to the Russian pharmacovigilance database in 2012, and 467 suchlike spontaneous reports registered in 2015. Approved in the Russian Federation prescribing drug information was used to identify «off label» drug use. Results. It was established that 58,7% of suspected medicines in 2012 and 47,5% in 2015, the use of which was associated with the development of serious complications in pharmacotherapy in children, were prescribed with deviations from the recommendations of approved prescribing drug information. Systemic antimicrobial agents and drugs for the treatment of nervous system diseases were the most common groups of drugs prescribed off-label in pediatric practice. The main types of off-label violations were inappropriate indications, deviations from the recommended dosage regimen and the use of a drug in the age group of patients, wherein the drug has not been approved. Conclusion. Our research confirms, that the practice of off-label drug use in children is not safe. It is shown that spontaneous reporting is an effective method of study the problems of drug safety in children

Self-directed growth of AlGaAs core-shell nanowires for visible light applications

Al(0.37)Ga(0.63)As nanowires (NWs) were grown in a molecular beam epitaxy system on GaAs(111)B substrates. Micro-photoluminescence measurements and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy indicated a core-shell structure and Al composition gradient along the NW axis, producing a potential minimum for carrier confinement. The core-shell structure formed during the growth as a consequence of the different Al and Ga adatom diffusion lengths.Comment: 20 pages, 7 figure

Polarized photoluminescence and time-resolved photoluminescence from single CdS nanosheets

We have utilized polarized low temperature photoluminescence (PL) to probe the electronic states and structural symmetries of individual CdS nanosheets. High resolution transmission electron microscopy measurements indicate highly crystalline material with different nanosheets exhibiting significant variations of the direction of the c axis, which are consistent with polarization measurements of PL from single CdS nanosheets. The quality of the nanosheets is reflected in measurements of exciton lifetimes of similar to 200 ps, a value significantly longer than observed for CdS nanowires whose diameter is the same as the thickness of these nanosheets, but shorter than that observed in bulk crystals.open6

Spatially resolved photoluminescence mapping of single CdS nanosheets

We have utilized spatially resolved low temperature photoluminescence to probe the electronic states and structural symmetries of individual single crystalline CdS nanosheets. Spatially resolved photoluminescence imaging of a single CdS nanosheet reveals a distinctive spectral variation across the nanosheet. We observe A-like exciton states which emit most strongly near the outer edges of the 5 mu m wide nanosheet, while B-like exciton states emit most strongly along the center region of the 30 mu m long axis of the nanosheet.open4

Effect of the GaAsP shell on optical properties of self-catalyzed GaAs nanowires grown on silicon

We realize growth of self-catalyzed core-shell GaAs/GaAsP nanowires (NWs) on Si substrates using molecular-beam epitaxy. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of single GaAs/GaAsP NWs confirms their high crystal quality and shows domination of the zinc-blende phase. This is further confirmed in optics of single NWs, studied using cw and time-resolved photoluminescence (PL). A detailed comparison with uncapped GaAs NWs emphasizes the effect of the GaAsP capping in suppressing the non-radiative surface states: significant PL enhancement in the core-shell structures exceeding 2000 times at 10K is observed; in uncapped NWs PL is quenched at 60K whereas single core-shell GaAs/GaAsP NWs exhibit bright emission even at room temperature. From analysis of the PL temperature dependence in both types of NW we are able to determine the main carrier escape mechanisms leading to the PL quench