Password Authentication Key Exchange Mechanism using Identity Based System

In digital world various authentication techniques are used, password authentication is one of the traditional technique. Many improvements are made in password authentication techniques as only password authentication cannot withstand today?s attack. One of the password authentication technique is two-server password authentication. In two-server password-authenticated key exchange (PAKE) protocol, a client splits its password and stores two shares of its password in the two servers, respectively, and the two servers then cooperate to authenticate the client without knowing the password of the client. In case one server is compromised by an adversary, the password of the client is required to remain secure. Research work proposed two servers that stores two shares of identity password in encrypted format. The two shares of passwords will be stored in such a way that identity password will be reformed with the help of any user defined algorithm. Along with password authentication, here idea is to implement identity based on encryption technique to encrypt the documents and messages. Proposed system will prevent dictionary, shoulder surfing, and key logger attacks

An ETOP metric for Link Positions Routing in Wireless Network

Abstract Here we account for the fact that MAC protocols incorporate a finite number of transmission attempts per packet. The performance of a path depends not only on the number of the links on the path and the quality of its links, but also, on the relative positions of the links on the path based on this observation, we propose ETOP (Expected number of Transmissions On a Path), a path metric that captures the expected number of link layer transmissions required for reliable end-to-end packet delivery. We can analytically compute ETOP, which is not trivial, since ETOP is a noncommutative function of the link success probabilities. Although ETOP is a more involved metric, we show that the problem of computing paths with the minimum ETOP cost can be solved by a greedy algorithm. We will try to implement and evaluate a routing approach based on ETOP metric on wireless network

130 nm low power CMOS analog multiplier

Processing analog signal often involves analog multiplier and the multiplier is part of system on chip (SoC). Designing such system with a low power consumption is crucial nowadays. It is very important to increase the system battery lifetime. The design also must be smaller in size. In order to reduce the power consumption of the multiplier, an architecture that require smaller current must be designed and the approach is to use a design that is able to function at a low voltage supply. This project has designed the analog multiplier with a low power consumption using Silterra 130 nm Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) technology. A four quadrant technique is applied in the design. The scaling of transistor will help in reducing the size of the analog multiplier, and the proposed circuit architecture has produced a compact multiplier. Cadence electronic design automation (EDA) Tools is used to design the circuit. The schematic, layout, physical verification and parasitic extraction with post layout simulation are done to verify the multiplier circuit is functioning. The analog multiplier is operated with 1.2 V voltage supply and the power consumption is 98 μW. At 1 V, the power consumption is 32 μW. The total area for the design is 99 μm²

Intraperitoneal drain placement and outcomes after elective colorectal surgery: international matched, prospective, cohort study

Despite current guidelines, intraperitoneal drain placement after elective colorectal surgery remains widespread. Drains were not associated with earlier detection of intraperitoneal collections, but were associated with prolonged hospital stay and increased risk of surgical-site infections.Background Many surgeons routinely place intraperitoneal drains after elective colorectal surgery. However, enhanced recovery after surgery guidelines recommend against their routine use owing to a lack of clear clinical benefit. This study aimed to describe international variation in intraperitoneal drain placement and the safety of this practice. Methods COMPASS (COMPlicAted intra-abdominal collectionS after colorectal Surgery) was a prospective, international, cohort study which enrolled consecutive adults undergoing elective colorectal surgery (February to March 2020). The primary outcome was the rate of intraperitoneal drain placement. Secondary outcomes included: rate and time to diagnosis of postoperative intraperitoneal collections; rate of surgical site infections (SSIs); time to discharge; and 30-day major postoperative complications (Clavien-Dindo grade at least III). After propensity score matching, multivariable logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards regression were used to estimate the independent association of the secondary outcomes with drain placement. Results Overall, 1805 patients from 22 countries were included (798 women, 44.2 per cent; median age 67.0 years). The drain insertion rate was 51.9 per cent (937 patients). After matching, drains were not associated with reduced rates (odds ratio (OR) 1.33, 95 per cent c.i. 0.79 to 2.23; P = 0.287) or earlier detection (hazard ratio (HR) 0.87, 0.33 to 2.31; P = 0.780) of collections. Although not associated with worse major postoperative complications (OR 1.09, 0.68 to 1.75; P = 0.709), drains were associated with delayed hospital discharge (HR 0.58, 0.52 to 0.66; P < 0.001) and an increased risk of SSIs (OR 2.47, 1.50 to 4.05; P < 0.001). Conclusion Intraperitoneal drain placement after elective colorectal surgery is not associated with earlier detection of postoperative collections, but prolongs hospital stay and increases SSI risk