The Temperament Police: The Truth, the Ground Truth, and Nothing but the Truth

The tuning system of a keyboard instrument is chosen so that frequently used musical intervals sound as consonant as possible. Temperament refers to the compromise arising from the fact that not all intervals can be maximally consonant simultaneously. Recent work showed that it is possible to estimate temperament from audio recordings with no prior knowledge of the musical score, using a conservative (high precision, low recall) automatic transcription algorithm followed by frequency estimation using quadratic interpolation and bias correction from the log magnitude spectrum. In this paper we develop a harpsichord-specific transcription system to analyse over 500 recordings of solo harpsichord music for which the temperament is specified on the CD sleeve notes. We compare the measured temperaments with the annotations and discuss the differences between temperament as a theoretical construct and as a practical issue for professional performers and tuners. The implications are that ground truth is not always scientific truth, and that content-based analysis has an important role in the study of historical performance practice. 1

Publishing Music Similarity Features on the Semantic Web.

We describe the process of collecting, organising and publishing a large set of music similarity features produced by the SoundBite [10] playlist generator tool. These data can be a valuable asset in the development and evaluation of new Music Information Retrieval algorithms. They can also be used in Web-based music search and retrieval applications. For this reason, we make a database of features available on the Semantic Web via a SPARQL end-point, which can be used in Linked Data services. We provide examples of using the data in a research tool, as well as in a simple web application which responds to audio queries and finds a set of similar tracks in our database

The temperament police

Keyboard temperaments have been extensively discussed in historical treatises as well as more recent scholarly texts. The work presented in this article aims to provide a unique perspective on the subject, by applying signal processing techniques for estimating the temperaments used in harpsichord solo recordings, to show what is done in practice, thus facilitating a descriptive approach to tuning and temperament.Motivations, previous work, current methods and results obtained from a dataset which currently includes over 2,000 tracks from over 90 harpsichord solo CDs are discussed, together with some of the implications of these results, and the directions this work may take in the future

High precision frequency estimation for harpsichord tuning classification

We present a novel music signal processing task of classifying the tuning of a harpsichord from audio recordings of standard musical works. We report the results of a classification experiment involving six different temperaments, using real harpsichord recordings as well as synthesised audio data. We introduce the concept of conservative transcription, and show that existing high-precision pitch estimation techniques are sufficient for our task if combined with conservative transcription. In particular, using the CQIFFT algorithm with conservative transcription and removal of short duration notes, we are able to distinguish between 6 different temperaments of harpsichord recordings with 96% accuracy (100% for synthetic data)

Visualising Chord Progressions in Music Collections: A Big Data Approach

In the Digital Music Lab project we work on the automatic analysis of large audio databases that results in rich annotations for large corpora of music. The musicological interpretation of this data from thousands of pieces is a challenging task that can benefit greatly from specifically designed interactive visualisation. Most existing big music data visualisation focuses on cultural attributes, mood, or listener behaviour. In this ongoing work we explore chord sequence patterns extracted by sequential pattern mining of more than one million tracks from the I Like Music commercial music collection. We present here several new visual representations that summarise chord patterns according to chord types, chroma, pattern structure and support, enabling musicologists to develop and answer questions about chord patterns in music collections. Our visualisations represent root movement and chord qualities mostly in a geometrical way and use colour to represent pattern support. We use two individually configurable views in parallel to encourage comparisons, either between different representations of one corpus, highlighting complimentary musical aspects, or between different datasets,here representing different genres. We adapt several visualisation techniques to chord pattern sets using some novel layouts to support musicologists with their exploration and interpretation of the corpora. We found that differences between chord patterns of different genres, e.g. Rock & Roll vs. Jazz, are visible and can be used to generate hypotheses for the study of individual pieces, further statistical investigations or new data processing and visualisation. Our designs will be adapted as user needs are established through ongoing work. Means of aggregating, focusing and filtering by selected characteristics (such as key,melodic patterns etc.) will be added as we develop our design for the visualisation of chord patterns in close collaboration with musicologists

Practice-based evidence research design for lymphedema management

Lymphedema (LE) is treated in Maccabi Healthcare Services (Maccabi) by LE physical therapists (LPTs). Until today, the knowledge of the extent of the problem in Israel, the interventions for patients with LE, and the effectiveness of these treatments were not well studied. The aims of this dissertation were to: (1) describe the treatment code documentation as part of the PBE process and to evaluate the accuracy of treatment code documentation by LPTs in Maccabi; (2) examine the known-group construct validity of functional status (FS) scores on patients with LE at Maccabi; and (3) describe characteristics of the patients with lymphedema treated at Maccabi between the years of 2010-2017. We used a Practice-based Evidence (PBE) research design to develop a new module for LE in the Maccabi electronic medical record (EMR) to support the gathering of data to address these gaps. The intra-rater reliability of arm and leg measurements by trained LPTs was found to be very high. The treatment code documentation system in the EMR was found to be clear and accurately used by most LPTs. Specific needs for improvement were identified. The computerized adaptive testing of FS score discriminated between patient groups in clinically logical ways both at intake into and discharge from LE treatments. Finally, descriptive analyses of the patients treated by LPT's in Maccabi revealed trends in physician diagnosis and referral, LPT classifications of LE, treatment interventions, co-morbidities, and more. This is the first time such a PBE research process was conducted in a large data set in a national health system for therapists treating patients with LE, laying the foundation for on-going research and application.Includes bibliographical reference

An annotation scheme for citation function

We study the interplay of the discourse structure of a scientific argument with formal citations. One subproblem of this is to classify academic citations in scientific articles according to their rhetorical function, e.g., as a rival approach, as a part of the solution, or as a flawed approach that justifies the current research. Here, we introduce our annotation scheme with 12 categories, and present an agreement study