Behovsstyrning av ventilation

Arbetet inriktade sig på behovsstyrning i bostäder och fastigheter i allmänhet, samtidigt som man inte får bortse från myndighetskraven på ventilationssystem. Ventilationsanläggningens energiförbrukning är ganska stor så det finns en del energi att spara. Finland har förbundit sig att ratificera 2020-avtalet, så det börjar bli bråttom ur den synvinkeln. Samtidigt beaktar arbetet myndigheternas direktiv och förordningar. På samma gång ökar ventilationskraven då husen blir allt tätare och därtill ökar även kylbehovet i nyare tätare hus. Det finns ett behov av öka behovsstyrningen i fastigheterna. Trots att behovsstyrningen funnits i snart 30 år är den ganska långt outnyttjad. Det är först på senare år som det blivit vanligt med behovsstyrning i bostadshus.Työssä keskityttiin huoneisto säätölaitteiston tarpeisiin asunto- ja kiinteistöyhtiötä yleensä. Samalla otettiin huomioon myös viranomaisten direktiivejä ja asetuksia koskien ilmanvaihtojärjestelmiä. Ilmanvaihdon energiankulutus on merkittävä, joten löytyy energiansäästöä, mikäli ilmanvaihtojärjestelmä on oikein mitoitettu. Ilmanvaihdon merkitys kasvaa nykyaikaisessa taloissa jotka eristetään hyvin tiiviiksi. Samalla kasvaa myös kylmäsäätö tarve taloissa, jotta hyvä sisäilmasto saavutaan. Huolimatta siitä että sisäilma tekniikka on ollut olemassa noin 30 vuotta, niin se on kuitenkin varsin uusi toteutuksessa. On vasta viime vuosina, kun se on yleistynyt asuinrakennuksissa. Suomi on sitoutunut ratifioimaan 2020 sopimuksen ja jotta sopimus täyttyy, niin on korkea aikaa toimia.This work focus on indoor climate control needs in housing and real estate in general. It also follows the authorities´ directives and regulations regarding ventilation systems. A ventilation system consumes a noticeable amount of energy. Therefore there is energy savings to be made by improving the efficiency of the ventilation system. The need for a correct ventilation increase as the houses are being built more airtight and with thicker walls. At the same time the increased amount of insulation also increase the need for cooling in the houses. This leads to a greater need for indoor climate control in general. Although climate control has been around for almost 30 years it is still a relatively new technology regarding implementation. It is only in recent years that it has become common with climate control in residential buildings. Finland has committed to ratifying the 2020- agreement and in order to meet the targets in the agreement action is now needed

Tumour Cannabinoid CB1 Receptor and Phosphorylated Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Expression Are Additive Prognostic Markers for Prostate Cancer

BACKGROUND: In cultured prostate cancer cells, down-regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been implicated in mediating the antiproliferative effect of the endogenous cannabinoid (CB) ligand anandamide. Using a well-characterised cohort of prostate cancer patients, we have previously reported that expression levels of phosphorylated EGFR (pEGFR-IR) and CB(1) receptor (CB(1)IR) in tumour tissue at diagnosis are markers of disease-specific survival, but it is not known whether the two markers interact in terms of their influence on disease severity at diagnosis and disease outcome. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Data from a cohort of 419 patients who were diagnosed with prostate cancer at transurethral resection for voiding difficulties was used. Scores for both tumour CB(1)IR and pEGFR-IR were available in the database. Of these, 235 had been followed by expectancy until the appearance of metastases. For patients scored for both parameters, Cox proportional-hazards regression analyses using optimal cut-off scores indicated that the two measures provided additional diagnostic information not only to each other, but to that provided by the tumour stage and the Gleason score. When the cases were divided into subgroups on the basis of these cut-off scores, the patients with both CB(1)IR and pEGFR-IR scores above their cut-off had a poorer disease-specific survival and showed a more severe pathology at diagnosis than patients with high pEGFR-IR scores but with CB(1)IR scores below the cut-off. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: These data indicate that a high tumour CB(1) receptor expression at diagnosis augments the deleterious effects of a high pEGFR expression upon disease-specific survival

Behovsstyrning av ventilation

Arbetet inriktade sig på behovsstyrning i bostäder och fastigheter i allmänhet, samtidigt som man inte får bortse från myndighetskraven på ventilationssystem. Ventilationsanläggningens energiförbrukning är ganska stor så det finns en del energi att spara. Finland har förbundit sig att ratificera 2020-avtalet, så det börjar bli bråttom ur den synvinkeln. Samtidigt beaktar arbetet myndigheternas direktiv och förordningar. På samma gång ökar ventilationskraven då husen blir allt tätare och därtill ökar även kylbehovet i nyare tätare hus. Det finns ett behov av öka behovsstyrningen i fastigheterna. Trots att behovsstyrningen funnits i snart 30 år är den ganska långt outnyttjad. Det är först på senare år som det blivit vanligt med behovsstyrning i bostadshus.Työssä keskityttiin huoneisto säätölaitteiston tarpeisiin asunto- ja kiinteistöyhtiötä yleensä. Samalla otettiin huomioon myös viranomaisten direktiivejä ja asetuksia koskien ilmanvaihtojärjestelmiä. Ilmanvaihdon energiankulutus on merkittävä, joten löytyy energiansäästöä, mikäli ilmanvaihtojärjestelmä on oikein mitoitettu. Ilmanvaihdon merkitys kasvaa nykyaikaisessa taloissa jotka eristetään hyvin tiiviiksi. Samalla kasvaa myös kylmäsäätö tarve taloissa, jotta hyvä sisäilmasto saavutaan. Huolimatta siitä että sisäilma tekniikka on ollut olemassa noin 30 vuotta, niin se on kuitenkin varsin uusi toteutuksessa. On vasta viime vuosina, kun se on yleistynyt asuinrakennuksissa. Suomi on sitoutunut ratifioimaan 2020 sopimuksen ja jotta sopimus täyttyy, niin on korkea aikaa toimia.This work focus on indoor climate control needs in housing and real estate in general. It also follows the authorities´ directives and regulations regarding ventilation systems. A ventilation system consumes a noticeable amount of energy. Therefore there is energy savings to be made by improving the efficiency of the ventilation system. The need for a correct ventilation increase as the houses are being built more airtight and with thicker walls. At the same time the increased amount of insulation also increase the need for cooling in the houses. This leads to a greater need for indoor climate control in general. Although climate control has been around for almost 30 years it is still a relatively new technology regarding implementation. It is only in recent years that it has become common with climate control in residential buildings. Finland has committed to ratifying the 2020- agreement and in order to meet the targets in the agreement action is now needed

MRSA outbreak in a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit in Iceland.

To access publisher's full text version of this article click on the hyperlink belowIntroduction: Preventing the spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and understanding the pathophysiology and transmission is essential. This study describes an MRSA outbreak in a neonatal intensive care unit in Reykjavik, Iceland at a time where no screening procedures were active. Materials and methods: After isolating MRSA in the neonatal intensive care unit in 2015, neonates, staff members and parents of positive patients were screened and environmental samples collected. The study period was from 14 April 2015 until 31 August 2015. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing, spa-typing and whole genome sequencing were done on MRSA isolates. Results: During the study period, 96/143 admitted patients were screened for colonization. Non-screened infants had short admissions not including screening days. MRSA was isolated from nine infants and seven parents. All tested staff members were negative. Eight infants and six parents carried MRSA ST30-IVc with spa-type t253 and one infant and its parent carried MRSA CC9-IVa (spa-type t4845) while most environmental samples were MRSA CC9-IVa (spa-type t4845). Whole genome sequencing revealed close relatedness between all ST30-IVc and CC9-IVa isolates, respectively. All colonized infants received decolonization treatment, but 3/9 were still positive when last sampled. Discussion: The main outbreak source was a single MRSA ST30-IVc (spa-type t253), isolated for the first time in Iceland. A new CC9-IVa (spa-type t4845) was also identified, most abundant on environmental surfaces but only in one patient. The reason for the differences in the epidemiology of the two strains is not clear. The study highlights a need for screening procedures in high-risk settings and guidelines for neonatal decolonization

Architecting cars as constituents of a system of systems

Future transportation systems will be a heterogeneous mix of items with varying connectivity and interoperability. A mix of new technologies and legacy systems will co-exist to realize a variety of scenarios involving not only connected cars but also road infrastructures, pedestrians, cyclists, etc. Future transportation systems can be seen as a System of Systems (SoS), where each constituent system - one of the units that compose an SoS - can act as a standalone system, but the cooperation among the constituent systems enables new emerging and promising scenarios. In this paper we investigate how to architect cars so that they can be constituents of future transportation systems. This work is realized in the context of two Swedish projects coordinated by Volvo Cars and involving some universities and research centers in Sweden and many suppliers of the OEM, including Autoliv, Arccore, Combitech, Cybercom, Knowit, Prevas, \uc5F-Technology, Semcom, and Qamcom

Cox proportional-hazards regression analyses for tumour epithelial FAAH-IR and CB₁IR scores.

1<p>For those readers not familiar with the output of a Cox proportional-hazards regression analysis, exp(B) refers to odds ratio, i.e. the change in odds as a result of an increase in the “unit” of the predictive variable under study. For example, FAAH-IRFAAH and >Y_FAAH are given categorical “units” of 0 and 1, respectively (see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0012275#pone.0012275-Field1" target="_blank">[39]</a>). The J_FAAH value is 2. 354.</p

Correlation matrix for FAAH-IR in tumour and non-malignant tissue.

<p>***p<0.001; *p<0.05, ∧not significant (p<0.06), ^NSnot significant (p>0.16). CB₁IR values are taken from the original data of <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0012275#pone.0012275-Chung1" target="_blank">[14]</a>. The scores for the epithelial FAAH (T), basal (but not luminal) FAAH (N), blood vessel FAAH (T and N), and epithelial CB₁IR (T and N) were not normally distributed (p<0.0001, D'Agostino & Pearson omnibus normality test).</p

Correlation of tumour FAAH-IR with clinical measures at diagnosis.

<p>***p<0.001, **p = 0.01, *p<0.05, ∧not significant (p<0.07) ^NSnot significant (p>0.08). The CB₁IR values are taken from the original data of <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0012275#pone.0012275-Chung1" target="_blank">[14]</a>, and intervals chosen represent the data roughly divided into quartiles. pEGFR-IR values are taken from the original data of <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0012275#pone.0012275-Hammarsten1" target="_blank">[37]</a>.</p