Adults at high-risk of severe coronavirus disease-2019 (Covid-19) in Brazil

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the proportion and total number of the general adult population who may be at higher risk of severe Covid-19 in Brazil. METHODS: We included 51,770 participants from a nationally representative, household-based health survey (PNS) conducted in Brazil. We estimated the proportion and number of adults (≥ 18 years) at risk of severe Covid-19 by sex, educational level, race/ethnicity, and state based on the presence of one or more of the following risk factors: age ≥ 65 years or medical diagnosis of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension, chronic respiratory disease, cancer, stroke, chronic kidney disease and moderate to severe asthma, smoking status, and obesity. RESULTS: Adults at risk of severe Covid-19 in Brazil varied from 34.0% (53 million) to 54.5% (86 million) nationwide. Less-educated adults present a 2-fold higher prevalence of risk factors compared to university graduated. We found no differences by sex and race/ethnicity. São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais, and Rio Grande do Sul were the most vulnerable states in absolute and relative terms of adults at risk. CONCLUSIONS: Proportion and total number of adults at risk of severe Covid-19 are high in Brazil, with wide variation across states and adult subgroups. These findings should be considered while designing and implementing prevention measures in Brazil. We argue that these results support broad social isolation measures, particularly when testing capacity for SARS-CoV-2 is limited

Estudios de Caso sobre Ciencias Agropecuarias y Rurales en el siglo XXI.

Libro científico sobre estudios de casos en el medio agropecuario y ruralCon el advenimiento del siglo XXI y el avance de los procesos de globalización, el medio rural presenta diversos cambios económicos, sociales, políticos y culturales. Lo anterior significa que el campo es un objeto de estudio altamente dinámico, complejo e inasible. las ciencias agropecuarias y rurales, en la actualidad, requieren de un abordaje sistémico e interdisciplinario que den cuenta de la heterogeneidad de situaciones y contextos que enfrenta el campo mexicano. La presente obra agrupa 18 estudios de caso, que capturan algunas fotografías de las diversas problemáticas de la ruralidad mexicana, con lo cual se pretende dar cuenta tanto de los objetivos de estudio como de la perspectiva teórico metodológico desde que estos son abordados. lo anterior tiene que ver con el hecho de que las ciencias agropecuarias y rurales manifiestan un alto grado de observación empírica, motivo por el que los estudios de caso se convierten en la perspectiva metodológica idónea que permite ir y venir de la realidad a la teoría y viceversa para la construcción de objetos de estudio. En este volumen se aborda una gran diversidad de casos, que sintetizan la heterogeneidad de enfoques y perspectivas mediante las cuales los fenómenos agropecuarios y rurales han sido abordados en el Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Rurales de la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, en los últimos 30 años

Proyectores de Drazin W-ponderados

Hernandez, A.; Lattanzi, MB.; Thome, N. (2015). Proyectores de Drazin W-ponderados. Matemática aplicada, computacional e industrial. 5:151-154. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/70483151154

Weighted binary relations involving the Drazin inverse

[EN] The Drazin inverse of a matrix has been used in the literature to define a pre-order on the set of square complex matrices. In this paper we analyze new binary relations defined on the set of rectangular complex matrices and some relationships to the W-support idempotent. We introduce the class of weighted Drazin equal projectors and analyze the pre-orders on this class. Moreover, adjacent matrices are studied under the considered relations. Finally, some observations on weighted partial orders are given. 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.This paper was partially supported by Universidad Nacional de LaPampa, Facultad de Ingenieria of Argentina (Grant Resol. No 049/11) and the third author was partially supported by Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad of Spain (Grant DGI MTM2013-43678P).Hernández, AE.; Lattanzi, MB.; Thome, N. (2015). Weighted binary relations involving the Drazin inverse. Applied Mathematics and Computation. 253:215-223. doi:10.1016/j.amc.2014.12.102S21522325

La inversa de Moore-Penrose ponderada en el problema de mínimos cuadrados cuadrados ponderados en matrices EP-ponderadas

Se conoce que en la soluci´on aproximada (en norma 2) por m´ınimos cuadrados de un sistema de ecuaciones lineales inconsistente aparece la inversa generalizada de Moore-Penrose. En los casos en que se utilizan normas inducidas por matrices Herm´ıticas y definidas positivas, ser´a necesario utilizar una nueva inversa generalizada que estar´a ponderada por dichas matrices. La modelizaci´on de un problema puede conferir a la matriz del sistema una estructura espec´ıfica. En este trabajo se analiza el caso en que dicha matriz es EP-ponderada. Para ello se da una factorizaci´on para la inversa de Moore-Penrose ponderada de una matriz EP-ponderada, se presentan dos algoritmos para calcularla y finalmente un ejemplo ilustrativo.Hernández, AE.; Lattanzi, MB.; Thome, N. (2013). La inversa de Moore-Penrose ponderada en el problema de mínimos cuadrados cuadrados ponderados en matrices EP-ponderadas. Matemática aplicada, computacional e industrial. 4:377-380. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/68267S377380

Snoopertext: A multiresolution system for text detection in complex visual scenes

ISBN: 978-142447994-8International audienceText detection in natural images remains a very challenging task. For instance, in an urban context, the detection is very difficult due to large variations in terms of shape, size, color, orientation, and the image may be blurred or have irregular illumination, etc. In this paper, we describe a robust and accurate multiresolution approach to detect and classify text regions in such scenarios. Based on generation/validation paradigm, we first segment images to detect character regions with a multiresolution algorithm able to manage large character size variations. The segmented regions are then filtered out using shape-based classification, and neighboring characters are merged to generate text hypotheses. A validation step computes a region signature based on texture analysis to reject false positives. We evaluate our algorithm in two challenging databases, achieving very good results

Fair Allocation of Scarce Medical Resources in the Time of Covid-19.

Covid-19 is officially a pandemic. It is a novel infection with serious clinical manifestations, including death, and it has reached at least 124 countries and territories. Although the ultimate course and impact of Covid-19 are uncertain, it is not merely possible but likely that the disease will produce enough severe illness to overwhelm health care infrastructure. Emerging viral pandemics “can place extraordinary and sustained demands on public health and health systems and on providers of essential community services.” Such demands will create the need to ration medical equipment and interventions. Rationing is already here. In the United States, perhaps the earliest example was the near-immediate recognition that there were not enough high-filtration N-95 masks for health care workers, prompting contingency guidance on how to reuse masks designed for single use. Physicians in Italy have proposed directing crucial resources such as intensive care beds and ventilators to patients who can benefit most from treatment. Daegu, South Korea — home to most of that country’s Covid-19 cases — faced a hospital bed shortage, with some patients dying at home while awaiting admission. In the United Kingdom, protective gear requirements for health workers have been downgraded, causing condemnation among providers. The rapidly growing imbalance between supply and demand for medical resources in many countries presents an inherently normative question: How can medical resources be allocated fairly during a Covid-19 pandemic

Allocating Scarce Unproven Interventions during Public Health Emergencies: Insights from the WHO MEURI Framework

10.1080/15265161.2020.1795539The American Journal of Bioethics200941-4