Meaning underdetermines what is said, therefore utterances express many propositions

Linguistic meaning underdetermines what is said. This has consequences for philosophical accounts of meaning, communication, and propositional attitude reports. I argue that the consequence we should endorse is that utterances typically express many propositions, that these are what speakers mean, and that the correct semantics for attitude reports will handle this fact while being relational and propositional

Numerical modelling and simulation in sheet metal forming

The application of numerical modelling and simulation in manufacturing technologies is looking back over about a 20–30 years history. In recent years, the role of modelling and simulation in engineering and in manufacturing industry has been continuously increasing. It is well known that during manufacturing processes simultaneous the effect of many different parameters can be observed. This is the reason why in former years, detailed analysis of manufacturing processes could have been done only by time-consuming and expensive trial-and-error methods. Due to the recent developments in the methods of modelling and simulation, as well as in computational facilities, modelling and simulation has become an everyday tool in engineering practice. Besides the aforementioned facts, the emerging role of modelling and simulation can also be explained by the growing globalisation and competition of the world market requiring shorter lead times and more cost effective solutions. In spite the enormous development of hardware and software facilities, the exclusive use of numerical modelling still seems to be very time- and cost consuming, and there is still often a high scepticism about the results among industrialists. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to overview the present situation of numerical modelling and simulation in sheet metal forming, mainly from the viewpoint of scientific research and industrial applications

The relationship between attitudes of public school physical education teachers (K-12) toward students with disabilities at different grade levels and selected teacher attributes

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between attitudes of public school physical education teachers (K-12) toward students with disabilities at different grade levels and selected teacher attributes. The study was designed to answer three research questions. First, what are the attitudes of physical education teachers toward working with disabled students in regular classes, and do teachers\u27 attitudes vary according to the disabling condition.Second, Do attitudes of physical education teachers\u27 toward working with disabled students in regular classes vary according to different grade levels (K-5 or 6-12)? Last, do attitudes of physical education teachers toward working with disabled students in regular classes vary in relation to different teacher attributes? Physical education teachers from five east Tennessee counties were surveyed with the PEATID-III (Physical Educators\u27 Attitude Toward Teaching the Handicapped-III). Forty-three females and fifty-three males provided responses to twelve belief statements about working with five different disabilities in regular classes: learning disabled (LD), mild-moderate mentally impaired (MMR),moderate-severe mentally impaired (SMR), emotional/behavioral disordered(BD), and physically impaired (PI).The information generated by the PEATID-in indicated that public school physical education teachers (K-12) had slightly favorable attitudes toward LD andMMR students, slightly undecided attitudes toward PI students, and slightly unfavorable attitudes toward working with SMR and BD students In regular classes. Physical education teachers\u27 attitudes toward working with disabled students In regular classes varied according to the disabling condition, but not significantly.The Information generated by the PEATID-III also Indicated that attitudes of physical education teachers toward working with disabled students varied only slightly according to the grade level (K-5 or 6-12) of disabled students. Physical Education teachers of elementary disabled students had slightly favorable attitudes towards LD, MMR, and PI students and slightly unfavorable attitudestoward SMR and BD students. Physical education teachers of secondary disabled students also had slightly favorable attitudes toward LD students and slightly unfavorable attitudes toward SMR and BD students. The difference In grade level of disabled students occurred for MMR and PI students, with teachers of secondary students having slightly undecided attitudes toward working with PIand MMR students.Information generated by the PEATID-III also Indicated that four teacher attributes significantly affected the attitudes of physical education teachers toward working with disabled students In regular classes. First support services affected the attitudes of teachers toward working with LD, MMR, and PIstudents. Second, the number of general special education courses for disabled students taken outside of physical education by the teacher affected the attitudes of teachers toward LD and PI students. Third, the number of years teaching physical education inversely affected the attitudes toward working with LD students. Last, age inversely affected the attitudes of physical education teachers toward working with MMR student. Seven teacher attributes had no significant affect on physical education teachers\u27 attitudes toward working with disabled students in regular classes: gender, highest degree earned, number of professional preparation courses completed in physical education for disabled students, number of years teaching disabled students in physical education,number of M-team meetings attended, perceived quality of teaching experience,and perceived competence toward working with disabled students in regular class

Collaboration in the age of personalised mass(ive) education

In the paper we explore a number of issues we believe challenge some current notions of collaboration. We explore tensions arising from the increased interest in personalised open learning, and how this challenges, but also offers new ways of conceptualising collaboration towards group-organisations that are more nomadic entanglements of shifting participation

Towards optimized suppression of dephasing in systems subject to pulse timing constraints

We investigate the effectiveness of different dynamical decoupling protocols for storage of a single qubit in the presence of a purely dephasing bosonic bath, with emphasis on comparing quantum coherence preservation under uniform vs. non-uniform delay times between pulses. In the limit of instantaneous bit-flip pulses, this is accomplished by establishing a new representation of the controlled qubit evolution, where the resulting decoherence behaviour is directly expressed in terms of the free evolution. Simple analytical expressions are given to approximate the long- and short- term coherence behaviour for both ohmic and supra-ohmic environments. We focus on systems with physical constraints on achievable time delays, with emphasis on pure dephasing of excitonic qubits in quantum dots. Our analysis shows that little advantage of high-level decoupling schemes based on concatenated or optimal design is to be expected if operational constraints prevent pulses to be applied sufficiently fast. In such constrained scenarios, we demonstrate how simple modifications of repeated periodic echo protocols can offer significantly improved coherence preservation in realistic parameter regimes.Comment: 13 figures,1 tabl

Facilitating goal-oriented behaviour in the Stroop task: when executive control is influenced by automatic processing.

A portion of Stroop interference is thought to arise from a failure to maintain goal-oriented behaviour (or goal neglect). The aim of the present study was to investigate whether goal- relevant primes could enhance goal maintenance and reduce the Stroop interference effect. Here it is shown that primes related to the goal of responding quickly in the Stroop task (e.g. fast, quick, hurry) substantially reduced Stroop interference by reducing reaction times to incongruent trials but increasing reaction times to congruent and neutral trials. No effects of the primes were observed on errors. The effects on incongruent, congruent and neutral trials are explained in terms of the influence of the primes on goal maintenance. The results show that goal priming can facilitate goal-oriented behaviour and indicate that automatic processing can modulate executive control

Large NcN_c QCD at non-zero chemical potential

The general issue of large $N_c$ QCD at nonzero chemical potential is considered with a focus on understanding the difference between large $N_c$ QCD with an isospin chemical potential and large $N_c$ QCD with a baryon chemical potential. A simple diagrammatic analysis analogous to `t Hooft's analysis at $\mu=0$ implies that the free energy with a given baryon chemical potential is equal to the free energy with an isospin chemical potential of the same value plus $1/N_c$ corrections. Phenomenologically, these two systems behave quite differently. A scenario to explain this difference in light of the diagrammatic analysis is explored. This scenario is based on a phase transition associated with pion condensation when the isospin chemical potential exceeds $m_\pi/2$; associated with this transition there is breakdown of the $1/N_c$ expansion--in the pion condensed phase there is a distinct $1/N_c$ expansion including a larger set of diagrams. While this scenario is natural, there are a number of theoretical issues which at least superficially challenge it. Most of these can be accommodated. However, the behavior of quenched QCD which raises a number of apparently analogous issues cannot be easily understood completely in terms of an analogous scenario. Thus, the overall issue remains open

The speed of range shifts in fragmented landscapes

Peer reviewedPublisher PD