Numerical modelling and simulation in sheet metal forming

The application of numerical modelling and simulation in manufacturing technologies is looking back over about a 20–30 years history. In recent years, the role of modelling and simulation in engineering and in manufacturing industry has been continuously increasing. It is well known that during manufacturing processes simultaneous the effect of many different parameters can be observed. This is the reason why in former years, detailed analysis of manufacturing processes could have been done only by time-consuming and expensive trial-and-error methods. Due to the recent developments in the methods of modelling and simulation, as well as in computational facilities, modelling and simulation has become an everyday tool in engineering practice. Besides the aforementioned facts, the emerging role of modelling and simulation can also be explained by the growing globalisation and competition of the world market requiring shorter lead times and more cost effective solutions. In spite the enormous development of hardware and software facilities, the exclusive use of numerical modelling still seems to be very time- and cost consuming, and there is still often a high scepticism about the results among industrialists. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to overview the present situation of numerical modelling and simulation in sheet metal forming, mainly from the viewpoint of scientific research and industrial applications

Securing Real Estate: Wireless Integration and Device Security

For decades, wired systems have been utilized when connecting operational technology devices to internal real estate systems. With the advancement of new technologies, there is a growing trend toward wireless communication in this domain, necessitating further research and exploration. This thesis examines the security considerations of integrating wireless technologies into operational technology systems within the context of real estate smart properties. It addresses the challenges and opportunities associated with the adoption of wireless communication by examining the built-in security features of Operational Technology devices and the wireless communication techniques LoRaWAN and private 5G networks. Additionally, potential vulnerabilities that may arise with the adoption of wireless communication are examined. The thesis provides a set of recommendations for effective and secure wireless integration relating to network security measures. Another contribution of this study is the type assessment of Operational Technology devices, based on device performance requirements, influencing the choice of network technologies. A categorization of Operational Technology devices into high-security, medium-security, and basic-security levels aids in determining the appropriate security measures for each device. These contributions aim to guide the development of secure, efficient, and sustainable smart properties in the evolving real estate sector

Securing Real Estate: Wireless Integration and Device Security

For decades, wired systems have been utilized when connecting operational technology devices to internal real estate systems. With the advancement of new technologies, there is a growing trend toward wireless communication in this domain, necessitating further research and exploration. This thesis examines the security considerations of integrating wireless technologies into operational technology systems within the context of real estate smart properties. It addresses the challenges and opportunities associated with the adoption of wireless communication by examining the built-in security features of Operational Technology devices and the wireless communication techniques LoRaWAN and private 5G networks. Additionally, potential vulnerabilities that may arise with the adoption of wireless communication are examined. The thesis provides a set of recommendations for effective and secure wireless integration relating to network security measures. Another contribution of this study is the type assessment of Operational Technology devices, based on device performance requirements, influencing the choice of network technologies. A categorization of Operational Technology devices into high-security, medium-security, and basic-security levels aids in determining the appropriate security measures for each device. These contributions aim to guide the development of secure, efficient, and sustainable smart properties in the evolving real estate sector