851 research outputs found
Group delay in Bragg grating with linear chirp
An analytic solution for Bragg grating with linear chirp in the form of
confluent hypergeometric functions is analyzed in the asymptotic limit of long
grating. Simple formulas for reflection coefficient and group delay are
derived. The simplification makes it possible to analyze irregularities of the
curves and suggest the ways of their suppression. It is shown that the increase
in chirp at fixed other parameters decreases the oscillations in the group
delay, but gains the oscillations in the reflection spectrum. The conclusions
are in agreement with numerical calculations.Comment: 16 pages, 8 figures, submitted to Opt. Com
The views of children and young people on the use of silk garments for the treatment of eczema: a nested qualitative study within the CLOTHES randomised controlled trial
Background: Many children suffer with skin diseases, but to date, most dermatological research has been done ‘on’ rather than ‘with’ children; in this study we actively sought the experiences of children and young people. Atopic eczema (AE) is a chronic, itchy, inflammatory skin condition that affects around 20% of children and can impact on health and wellbeing for children and their families. The role of specialist clothing in the management of AE is poorly understood.
Objectives: The aim of this study, which was nested in a randomised controlled trial was to qualitatively examine child participants’ experiences of using silk garments for the treatment of AE.
Methods: Eighteen children aged 5-15, who took part in the CLOTHES trial, participated in age-appropriate individual interviews or focus groups.
Results: Thematic analysis generated 4 themes directly related to the garments: i) expectations of the garments; ii) wearing the silk garments; iii) did they help? and iv) thoughts about the garments. The conclusions from this nested qualitative study are that: there was some limited improvement in eczema for some children but that the hoped for ‘miracle cure’ did not transpire. A mixed picture of knowledge, beliefs and experiences of using the silk garments emerged.
Conclusion: Engaging children in the evaluation of the garments provided first hand nuanced insights that enhanced understanding of the CLOTHES study as a whole. This nested study demonstrates that children can and indeed want to be engaged in dermatological research in meaningful ways that add to our understanding of treatment options
Identifying Cultural and Cognitive Proximity between Managers and Customers in Tornio and Haparanda Cross Border Region
Daily intercultural interactions in cross-border regions such as those between customers and managers can be a source of knowledge and ideas. However, such interactions can pose distinctive constraints and opportunities for learning and exchange of ideas. This study adopts a relatively fine–grained quantitative approach to study elements of cognitive and cultural proximity which have a major impact on these interactions. It is based on a survey of 91 managers of small service firms and 312 customers in the twin city of Tornio and Haparanda on the border between Finland and Sweden. Seven elements of proximity were identified and measured. Six elements of perceived cognitive and cultural proximity including values, conservative values towards new ideas, knowledge and use of technology, use of a foreign language, sufficiently focusing or providing specific details and ways of solving problems were found significant in terms of shaping perceptions of Swedish and Finnish managers and customers, which shape these interactions. The results enhance our understanding of how daily cross-border intercultural can be examined in the context of cross-border regional knowledge transfer
RESULTS OF RESEARCH INTO THE INFLUENCE OF AN INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR MANAGING CITY UNDERGROUND INFRASTRUCTURE
The paper describes an information system for transforming an "old-fashioned" city infrastructure management system into an interactive system for the future. The paper presents first results from ongoing research into cost analyses and other characteristics of comparisons between traditional and trenchless (Cured-In-Place, CIPP [l]) construction methods for the rehabilitation of sewer pipes at 3 locations (projects) in Zagreb, Croatia. The management of city underground pipe infrastructure has in the last decade experienced large changes in construction techniques, authority policies, and public opinion. The consideration of social costs in reconstruction and installation of underground public utilities is becoming commonplace in most cities. There remain, however, some public utility companies in some countries, including in central Europe, where decision makers have not made significant steps away from traditional methods of construction and continue to work according to old maintenance programs and without proper information systems. The results of this are ailing city infrastructure systems and nowhere near the amount of necessary money available in order to reconstruct all that needs to be improved. The authors are proposing an information system that combines modern trenchless construction technologies with a restructured maintenance, construction and repair program as an optimal means for improving underground infrastructure conditions in cities at a minimum cost. The presented research results are strong indicators of the potential gains a city can achieve by implementing such an information system
Higher-order mutual coherence of optical and matter waves
We use an operational approach to discuss ways to measure the higher-order
cross-correlations between optical and matter-wave fields. We pay particular
attention to the fact that atomic fields actually consist of composite
particles that can easily be separated into their basic constituents by a
detection process such as photoionization. In the case of bosonic fields, that
we specifically consider here, this leads to the appearance in the detection
signal of exchange contributions due to both the composite bosonic field and
its individual fermionic constituents. We also show how time-gated counting
schemes allow to isolate specific contributions to the signal, in particular
involving different orderings of the Schr\"odinger and Maxwell fields.Comment: 11 pages, 2 figure
A quark model analysis of the charge symmetry breaking in nuclear force
In order to investigate the charge symmetry breaking (CSB) in the short range
part of the nuclear force, we calculate the difference of the masses of the
neutron and the proton, , the difference of the scattering
lengths of the p-p and n-n scatterings, , and the difference of the
analyzing power of the proton and the neutron in the n-p scattering, , by a quark model. In the present model the sources of CSB are the
mass difference of the up and down quarks and the electromagnetic interaction.
We investigate how much each of them contributes to , and . It is found that the contribution of CSB of the
short range part in the nuclear force is large enough to explain the observed
, while is rather underestimated.Comment: 26 pages,6 figure
Local densities, distribution functions, and wave function correlations for spatially resolved shot noise at nanocontacts
We consider a current-carrying, phase-coherent multi-probe conductor to which
a small tunneling contact is attached. We treat the conductor and the tunneling
contact as a phase-coherent entity and use a Green's function formulation of
the scattering approach. We show that the average current and the current
fluctuations at the tunneling contact are determined by an effective local
non-equilibrium distribution function. This function characterizes the
distribution of charge-carriers (or quasi-particles) inside the conductor. It
is an exact quantum-mechanical expression and contains the phase-coherence of
the particles via local partial densities of states, called injectivities. The
distribution function is analyzed for different systems in the zero-temperature
limit as well as at finite temperature. Furthermore, we investigate in detail
the correlations of the currents measured at two different contacts of a
four-probe sample, where two of the probes are only weakly coupled contacts. In
particular, we show that the correlations of the currents are at
zero-temperature given by spatially non-diagonal injectivities and
emissivities. These non-diagonal densities are sensitive to correlations of
wave functions and the phase of the wave functions. We consider ballistic
conductors and metallic diffusive conductors. We also analyze the Aharonov-Bohm
oscillations in the shot noise correlations of a conductor which in the absence
of the nano-contacts exhibits no flux-sensitivity in the conductance.Comment: 17 pages, 8 figure
Alpha decay and proton-neutron correlations
We study the influence of proton-neutron (p-n) correlations on alpha-decay
width. It is shown from the analysis of alpha Q values that the p-n
correlations increase the penetration of the alpha particle through the Coulomb
barrier in the treatment following Gamow's formalism, and enlarges the total
alpha-decay width significantly.
In particular, the isoscalar p-n interactions play an essential role in
enlarging the alpha-decay width.
The so-called "alpha-condensate" in Z > 84 isotopes are related to the strong
p-n correlations.Comment: 5 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. C (R.C.
Structures of replication initiation proteins from staphylococcal antibiotic resistance plasmids reveal protein asymmetry and flexibility are necessary for replication.
Antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria is a continual threat to human health, often residing in extrachromosomal plasmid DNA. Plasmids of the pT181 family are widespread and confer various antibiotic resistances to Staphylococcus aureus. They replicate via a rolling circle mechanism that requires a multi-functional, plasmid-encoded replication protein to initiate replication, recruit a helicase to the site of initiation and terminate replication after DNA synthesis is complete. We present the first atomic resolution structures of three such replication proteins that reveal distinct, functionally relevant conformations. The proteins possess a unique active site and have been shown to contain a catalytically essential metal ion that is bound in a manner distinct from that of any other rolling circle replication proteins. These structures are the first examples of the Rep_trans Pfam family providing insights into the replication of numerous antibiotic resistance plasmids from Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative phage and the mobilisation of DNA by conjugative transposons
Using Triplet Periodicity of Nucleotide Sequences for Finding Potential Reading Frame Shifts in Genes
We introduce a novel approach for the detection of possible mutations leading to a reading frame (RF) shift in a gene. Deletions and insertions of DNA coding regions are considerable events for genes because an RF shift results in modifications of the extensive region of amino acid sequence coded by a gene. The suggested method is based on the phenomenon of triplet periodicity (TP) in coding regions of genes and its relative resistance to substitutions in DNA sequence. We attempted to extend 326 933 regions of continuous TP found in genes from the KEGG databank by considering possible insertions and deletions. We revealed totally 824 genes where such extension was possible and statistically significant. Then we generated amino acid sequences according to active (KEGG's) and hypothetically ancient RFs in order to find confirmation of a shift at a protein level. Consequently, 64 sequences have protein similarities only for ancient RF, 176 only for active RF, 3 for both and 581 have no protein similarity at all. We aimed to have revealed lower bound for the number of genes in which a shift between RF and TP is possible. Further ways to increase the number of revealed RF shifts are discussed
- …