How the Post-Framing Adoption of the Bare-Probable-Cause Standard Drastically Expanded Government Arrest and Search Power

Davies exposes a story that has been almost entirely overlooked: that the now-accepted doctrine that probable cause alone can justify a criminal arrest or search did not emerge until well after the framing of the Bill of Rights in 1789 and constituted a significant departure from the criminal-procedure standards that the Framers of the Bill thought they had preserved

Digital, material and networked: some emerging themes for SET education

Boundaries between the digital and material worlds are becoming blurred as the internet increasingly connects us to things as well as people and information. This is increasingly relevant to education as initiatives which significantly combine digital and material elements in networks are becoming a reality for Science, Engineering and Technology (SET) learning. Our paper reports on the initial findings of a project to carry out a ‘state of the art’ review of literature to establish the key themes, opportunities and obstacles that are emerging from the development and use of these ‘hybrid’ systems in learning. We wanted to explore the extent to which this new domain of study is being reported in the literature and to identify work representative of this area. Our aim was to investigate the depth of research in this area by going beyond the technologically descriptive to focus on pedagogical and organisational issues raised in the literature. To identify the state of current research in the area we carried out a systematic search of databases of Science, Engineering and Technology education literature. We found 808 papers relating to the hybrid learning initiatives we are interested in, of which the majority, 81%, involved the Engineering and Technology disciplines while 6.8% related to Science. The vast majority of papers referred to remote laboratories and most of these were concerned with describing the technologies involved. In order to explore issues emerging from the research, we carried out an in-depth text review of a particular subset of the papers found that focussed on pedagogical issues. The three main themes that emerged were: the importance of real data and authenticity in learning; the importance of a sense of presence (e.g. telepresence, social presence and/or immersion) and the locus of control in, and responsiveness of, a hybrid system. We conclude that these new digital ‘hybrid’ pedagogies offer a lens with which to view both the more traditional material pedagogies, e.g. laboratory-based learning, and purely digital pedagogies, e.g. virtual labs. Finally, issues of authenticity, presence and control/responsiveness will be of increasing pedagogical importance to other ‘hybrid’ systems, such as those involving ubiquitous computing

So what do we do with the rest of the day? Going beyond the pre-shot routine in professional golf

Optimally focused attention has been shown to be a key psychological characteristic for peak performance in golf; a feature commonly achieved with a pre-shot routine. However, research to date has yet to address how a golfer’s attention should best shift across the broader period of a whole game, or even including pre-event preparations, to support the pre-shot process and, ultimately, performance. Reflecting this knowledge gap, the present review aims to clarify current conceptual understanding and best practice against this wider perspective on attentional control, as well as highlight areas which must be considered for advances to be made. Specifically, research is required on the cognitive, behavioral, and temporal elements of routines used between shots and holes. Furthermore, to manage the attentional demands of the entire golf performance experience, such investigation also needs to explore the critical role of the support team and pre-tournament planning

SINFONI's take on Star Formation, Molecular Gas, and Black Hole Masses in AGN

We present some preliminary (half-way) results on our adaptive optics spectroscopic survey of AGN at spatial scales down to 0.085arcsec. Most of the data were obtained with SINFONI which provides integral field capability at a spectral resolution of R~4000. The themes on which we focus in this contribution are: star formation around the AGN, the properties of the molecular gas and its relation to the torus, and the mass of the black hole.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures. To appear in Science Perspectives for 3D Spectroscopy. ESO Astrophysics Symposia. Ed by M. Kissler-Patig, M. Roth and J. Wals

FINE-GRAINED VIEW INTERPOLATION IN MULTI-VIEW AND LIGHT-FIELD CODING

Techniques are described for increasing the number and accuracy of views in multi-view, three-dimensional (3D), and light-field systems, by leveraging low resolution sensors to provide geometry and object location calibration when interpolating new views

SUPER FORWARD ERROR CORRECTION (FEC) FOR LONG-TERM REFERENCE FRAME (LTRF) RECOVERY FRAMES

A Forward Erasure Correction (FEC) scheme improves resilience but can be overwhelmed by losses. Using long-term reference frames (LTRFs), the prediction structures in a video coding may be reset at a special recovery frame. Consequently, there is a need to adequately protect LTRFs. To address such a need, techniques are presented herein that support a FEC scheme for protecting LTRFs without increasing latency. Aspects of the techniques presented herein treat the LTRFs as a base layer for the purposes of layered FEC coding. Thus, it is possible to think of a normal scalable coding scheme with, for example, two temporal layers as in fact consisting of three layers for FEC purposes. Further aspects of the techniques presented herein support a sliding window or convolutional code which offers the opportunity to reduce delay by using a stateful FEC process where the packet memory is incremented by the latest packet before a new packet is produced. Alternatively, a special strong code may instead be used for the LTRFs which depends upon (1) the previous LRTFs and (2) the most recent Layer 0 frames such that if either set is uncorrupted the LTRF can be recovered