5 research outputs found
Erlebnisse im Schulsportunterricht als Prädiktoren für lebenslange körperliche Aktivität
Gegenstand der vorliegenden Arbeit waren die Erlebnisse im Schulsportunterricht als
Prädiktoren für die lebenslange körperliche Aktivität. Die Stichprobe bestand aus 163
Personen (91 Männer, 72 Frauen) im Alter von 28 bis 63 Jahren aus dem Raum Wien.
Die Erhebung der körperlichen und sportlichen Aktivität über die Kindheit bis zum
mittleren Erwachsenenalter, der Erlebnisse im Sportunterricht und der Motivation zu
Bewegung und Sport erfolgte mittels Online-Fragebogen. Die ĂśberprĂĽfung der zentralen
Fragestellung nach den Prädiktoren für die lebenslange körperliche Aktivität mittels
Clusteranalyse ergab zwei homogene Cluster – „Die positiv Eingestellten“ (Cluster 1)
und „Die negativ Eingestellten“ (Cluster 2). Es zeigte sich, dass sich im ersten Cluster
mehr Männer und im zweiten Cluster mehr Frauen befinden. Der erste Cluster ist
durch positive Erlebnisse im Sportunterricht und eine hohe sportliche Aktivität von
der Kindheit bis zum mittleren Erwachsenenalter gekennzeichnet. Der zweite Cluster
weist negativere Erfahrungen und eine niedrigere sportliche Aktivität über das Leben
auf. Im Sportunterricht erweisen sich die Faktoren negative Einstellung zum Sportunterricht,
Wettkampf- und Leistungsorientierung, Ăśberbetonung von Mannschafts- und
Ballsportarten, wenig angebotene und den Bedürfnissen nicht entsprechende Sportaktivitäten,
Körperunzufriedenheits- und Schamgefühle und geringe Fertigkeitenvermittlung
als hinderlich für die lebenslange sportliche Aktivität. Fehlende Vorbildwirkung, soziale
Unterstützung und Förderung hinsichtlich sportlicher Aktivitäten stellte sich ebenfalls
als negativer Einflussfaktor auf ein sportlich aktives Leben heraus.The present study’s subject was experiences in physical education as predictors for
lifelong physical activity. The sample consisted of 163 individuals (91 male, 72 female)
aged 28–63 years, living in Greater Vienna. An online questionnaire was used to collect
data on physical activity from childhood to adulthood, experiences in physical education
and exercise motivation. The core issue – the predictors for lifelong physical activity –
was tested using a cluster analysis, which resulted in two homogeneous clusters: those
with positive attitudes (cluster 1) and those with negative attitudes (cluster 2). Whereas
cluster 1 consists of more males, there are more females in cluster 2. The first cluster is
characterized by positive experiences in physical education and a high physical activity
level from childhood to adulthood. The second cluster shows negative experiences and a
lower physical activity level for that time period. Factors related to physical education
such as a negative attitude towards physical education, competitive lesson structure and
achievement orientation, overemphasis of ball- and teamsports, a shortness of sports
activities offered, that don’t correspond a person’s demands besides, body dissatisfaction
and body shame as well as a lack of skill procurement turned out to be prejudicial to
lifelong sports activity. A lack of role model status, social support and advancement
concerning sports activities turned out to be a negative factor influencing an active life
as well
Deletion of the SELENOP gene leads to CNS atrophy with cerebellar ataxia in dogs.
We investigated a hereditary cerebellar ataxia in Belgian Shepherd dogs. Affected dogs developed uncoordinated movements and intention tremor at two weeks of age. The severity of clinical signs was highly variable. Histopathology demonstrated atrophy of the CNS, particularly in the cerebellum. Combined linkage and homozygosity mapping in a family with four affected puppies delineated a 52 Mb critical interval. The comparison of whole genome sequence data of one affected dog to 735 control genomes revealed a private homozygous structural variant in the critical interval, chr4:66,946,539_66,963,863del17,325. This deletion includes the entire protein coding sequence of SELENOP and is predicted to result in complete absence of the encoded selenoprotein P required for selenium transport into the CNS. Genotypes at the deletion showed the expected co-segregation with the phenotype in the investigated family. Total selenium levels in the blood of homozygous mutant puppies of the investigated litter were reduced to about 30% of the value of a homozygous wildtype littermate. Genotyping >600 Belgian Shepherd dogs revealed an additional homozygous mutant dog. This dog also suffered from pronounced ataxia, but reached an age of 10 years. Selenop-/- knock-out mice were reported to develop ataxia, but their histopathological changes were less severe than in the investigated dogs. Our results demonstrate that deletion of the SELENOP gene in dogs cause a defect in selenium transport associated with CNS atrophy and cerebellar ataxia (CACA). The affected dogs represent a valuable spontaneous animal model to gain further insights into the pathophysiological consequences of CNS selenium deficiency
Comparative analysis of genome-scale, base-resolution DNA methylation profiles across 580 animal species
DNA methylation is involved in regulatory processes throughout the animal kingdom. Here, the authors map DNA methylation in 535 vertebrates and 45 invertebrates, establishing a reference dataset for cross-species analysis and exploring epigenetic variation across vertebrate evolution