Dispersão e impacto de Pinus elliottii Engelm. var. elliottii em área ripária na Floresta Nacional de Capão Bonito - SP

Conducted in a riparian area of the protected area called Capão Bonito National Forest – SP state, this study assessed at different distance classes from Pinus elliottii var. elliottii (pine) plantation: 1) the density of native vegetation, pine with-cone and pine without-cone; 2) the basal area of native vegetation and pine with-cone and 3) the humidity by frequency of occurrence of dry soil, saturated soil surface and flooded soil. The objective was to verify the situation of invasion and development of pine, its relationship with native vegetation and soil. By Spearman Correlation Coeffcient, it was demonstrated that there was no difference in the pine establishment in different distances (average=335), confrming its invasive potential. When the increase in native vegetation density is observed, there is a decrease in the pine with-cone abundance, however, its establishment occurred. In addition, there was recruitment of seedlings and juveniles (pine without-cone) which have the capacity for self-perpetuation by substitution for senile and perished individuals. When considering the same pine with-cone density and native vegetation, it was obtained basal area of pine with-cone eight times more than the native vegetation; this high basal area indicates competition for environmental attributes which may compromise maintenance and survival of native species in the medium and long term. There was a higher prevalence of pine with-cone occupation in dry soil in detriment of native species. The environmental impacts resulted by the presence, development and invasion of Pinus elliottii indicate the need for its eradication and management against reinfestation.Conducted in a riparian area of the protected area called Capão Bonito National Forest – SP state, this study assessed at different distance classes from Pinus elliottii var. elliottii (pine) plantation: 1) the density of native vegetation, pine with-cone and pine without-cone; 2) the basal area of native vegetation and pine with-cone and 3) the humidity by frequency of occurrence of dry soil, saturated soil surface and flooded soil. The objective was to verify the situation of invasion and development of pine, its relationship with native vegetation and soil. By Spearman Correlation Coefficient, it was demonstrated that there was no difference in the pine establishment in different distances (average = 335), confirming its invasive potential. When the increase in native vegetation density is observed, there is a decrease in the pine with-cone abundance, however, its establishment occurred. In addition, there was recruitment of seedlings and juveniles (pine without-cone) which have the capacity for self-perpetuation by substitution for senile and perished individuals. When considering the same pine with-cone density and native vegetation, it was obtained basal area of pine with-cone eight times more than the native vegetation; this high basal area indicates competition for environmental attributes which may compromise maintenance and survival of native species in the medium and long term. There was a higher prevalence of pine with-cone occupation in dry soil in detriment of native species. The environmental impacts resulted by the presence, development and invasion of Pinus elliottii indicate the need for its eradication and management against reinfestation.Conduzido em uma área ripária da unidade de conservação denominada Floresta Nacional de Capão Bonito - SP, este estudo avaliou, em diferentes classes de distância da plantação de Pinus elliottii var. elliottii (pinus): 1) a densidade de vegetação nativa, pinus com cone e pinus sem cone; 2) a área basal de vegetação nativa e pinus com cone; e 3) a umidade por frequência de ocorrência de solo seco, solo saturado superficialmente e solo inundado. O objetivo foi verificar a situação de invasão e desenvolvimento de pinus, sua relação com a vegetação nativa e com o solo. Pela Correlação de Spearman, verificou-se que não houve diferença significativa no estabelecimento de pinus nas diferentes classes de distância (média = 335), confirmando seu potencial invasor. Ao observar o incremento na densidade de vegetação nativa, verifica-se a diminuição na abundância de pinus com cone, porém, ocorreu seu estabelecimento. Houve, inclusive, o recrutamento de plântulas e juvenis (pinus sem cone) que possuem capacidade de autoperpetuação por substituição aos indivíduos senis e perecidos. Ao considerar a mesma densidade de pinus com cone e de vegetação nativa, obteve-se área basal de pinus com cone oito vezes a de vegetação nativa. Esta elevada área basal indica competição por atributos ambientais, o que pode comprometer a manutenção e sobrevivência de espécies nativas a médio e longo prazo. Ocorreu maior prevalência de ocupação por pinus com cone em solo seco em detrimento das espécies nativas. Os impactos ambientais comprovados pela presença, desenvolvimento e invasão de Pinus elliottii indicam a necessidade de sua erradicação e manejo contra reinfestação

Corn Seedlings Have Tolerance to Water Deficit

The present work aimed to evaluate the germination and seedling growth of two corn cultivars under water deficit conditions induced with manitol solutions, associated with doses of humic substances. The experiment was carried out at the Seed Laboratory of the Federal University of Tocantins - UFT, in Gurupi, Tocantins. Seeds of two cultivars were used: M274 and UFT Cerrado; and the product based on humic substances: Humix. For each cultivar, the factorial experiment (5×3) was mounted in a completely randomized design, and the treatments were composed of five osmotic potentials, with three doses of Humix. Germination percentage, primary root and epicotyl length, seedling dry mass and absolute growth rate were evaluated. The results were submitted to the F test by analysis of variance with probability of 5%, and when the effect of the doses was significant, the data were submitted to regression analysis. It is concluded that the biostimulant Humix had no expressive effect on germination and that the reduction of osmotic potential does not affect germination itself, but affects seedling growth, as osmotic potential becomes more negative

Results of resection of infantile nasal hemangiomas in the profiferative phase: a safe approach for central face tumors

INTRODUÇÃO: O hemangioma infantil é o tumor benigno mais comum da infância, predominando na região cervicofacial. É caracterizado por apresentar 3 fases distintas, observando-se frequentemente regressão espontânea dessas lesões. No entanto, sequelas residuais ou deformidades das estruturas anatômicas em crescimento podem ocorrer. A abordagem cirúrgica precoce e definitiva é indicada, em decorrência da localização dos hemangiomas nasais e seu potencial desfigurante, visando à obtenção de bons resultados estéticos e preservação anatômica. O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar os resultados da abordagem cirúrgica definitiva para hemangiomas proliferativos nasais, com base em uma avaliação objetiva. MÉTODO: No período de 1997 a 2009, 20 pacientes portadores de hemangiomas nasais em fase proliferativa foram submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico. As lesões foram avaliadas segundo local de acometimento e tratamento realizado. Foram analisados índices de complicações e necessidade de procedimentos adicionais. Os resultados estéticos foram avaliados por avaliadores independentes. RESULTADOS: As lesões estavam localizadas na ponta nasal em 50% dos pacientes; no dorso, em 20%; em todas as subunidades, em 15%; nas áreas paranasais, em 10%; e na unidade alar, em 5%. A ressecção foi total em 60% dos pacientes e subtotal em 40%. O período médio de acompanhamento foi de 42,6 meses. A média de procedimentos cirúrgicos por paciente foi de 1,3 + 0,7. Nenhuma complicação importante foi observada. Os resultados foram positivamente avaliados quanto a redução do volume da lesão e melhora do contorno facial, corroborando a conduta proposta. CONCLUSÕES: No manejo dos hemangiomas nasais, o tratamento cirúrgico definitivo pode ser considerado uma alternativa segura e eficaz, com baixas taxas de complicação

Disgerminoma bilateral e hiperplasia endometrial cística com piometra em cadela

Background:  :  : Ovarian tumors are considered rare both in dogs and cats. Germ cell neoplasms correspond to approximately 15% of the cases and can be classified into dysgerminomas, teratomas and teratocarcinomas. Reports of bilateral dysgerminoma in dogs and cats are rare. The aim of this work was to describe a case of bilateral dysgerminoma and cystic endometrial hyperplasia with pyometra in a bitch by presenting the clinical, surgical, pathological and immunohistochemical findings. Case: A 10-year-old female crossbred dog was presented with a history of vomiting, apathy and purulent vulvar discharge. Physical examination revealed hyperthermia and pain was observed on abdominal palpation. Ultrasound examination revealed cystic formation and increased echogenicity inside the uterus. The animal underwent ovariohysterectomy (OHE). Macroscopically, the ovaries were multinodular, spherical to ovoid in shape, measuring 6 cm in diameter, and with a dark red color; they exhibited a firm consistency and a hemorrhagic cut surface with cystic areas and foci of necrotic tissue. At microscopic evaluation of both ovaries, the neoplasm consisted of large and polyhedral cells with amphophilic cytoplasm which were arranged in cords separated by connective tissue. The cells exhibited an anaplastic appearance, with central nuclei, large amounts of granular chromatin and one or more evident nucleoli. Several mitotic figures, often incomplete and with consequent formation of multinucleated cells similar to giant cells, were observed. Immunohistochemical detection of cytokeratin and vimentin was performed for further examination. The ovarian tumor exhibited positive staining for cytokeratin and negative staining for vimentin. Discussion: Most ovarian tumors are asymptomatic and many times are considered incidental findings during spaying surgeries. On physical examination, affected animals may show palpable abdominal masses, ascites and systemic signs caused by hormonal disturbances. The macroscopic and microscopic findings seen in this case are in accordance with those found in the literature and confirm the diagnosis of bilateral dysgerminoma and cystic endometrial hyperplasia-pyometra. Dysgerminoma should be differentiated from other neoplasias as lymphosarcoma, solid adenocarcinoma, solid granulosa cell tumor, theca cell tumor and teratoma. Diagnosis is performed by histopathological analysis. Immunohistochemistry can be performed to identify the origin of tumoral cells in order to assist the differential diagnosis for other neoplasias. Even though the immunohistochemical result can be positive for cytokeratin, this is not considered usual for dysgerminomas. The positive result for cytokeratin is related to the anaplastic characteristic of the tumor. Most cases of dysgerminomas are described in older dogs and cats, yet it can develop in younger animals. Dysgerminoma is a tumor that is typically unilateral and is hardly ever found in both ovaries. The rarity with which this neoplasia is observed in bitches can be related to the premature age at which OHE is performed

POTENCIAL TÓXICO DE SEDIMENTOS DRAGADOS DAS BAÍAS DE SEPETIBA E DA GUANABARA (RJ) EM CENÁRIO DE DISPOSIÇÃO EM LATOSSOLO: Potential toxicity of dreged sediments from Sepetiba and Guanabara bays (RJ) in scenario of disposal in ferrasols

Inadequate discharges of domestic and industrial wastes have degraded estuarine ecosystems from Rio de Janeiro State (RJ). Dredging operations are often required to restore these environments and, because of that, the evaluation of potential toxicity of dredged materials in soils has become important. This work proposes the ecotoxicological evaluation of dredged sediments from the mouth of Saco do Engenho (Sepetiba bay, RJ), Meriti River (Guanabara bay, RJ) and Sao Francisco Channel (Sepetiba bay, RJ) in scenario of disposal in ferralsols. Metal concentrations in sediments were determined by ICP-OES, and metal enrichment factors (FE) were also estimated. The doses of sediment applied onto soils varied between 0 and 40%, where 0% = pure ferralsol. Acute bioassays with earthworms (Eisenia andrei) were performed in mixtures of soil:sediment according to standard protocol (ASTM). Median lethal concentration on 50% of the organisms (CL50), expressed in % of sediment mixed with soil, was estimated through PriProbit analysis. Metal concentrations in the sediments were above the limits established by Brazilian law (CONAMA 454 & 420) for disposal of dredged sediments in aquatic environments and soil, except for the sediment collected in the São Francisco channel, whose metal contents are in agreement for land disposal. The highest toxicity level was found for the sediment from the Saco do Engenho (CL50 = 13.06%), followed by Meriti River (CL50 = 14.60%) and São Francisco channel (CL50 = 28.02%). Such data seem to support metal concentrations determined in the sediments, whose highest concentrations were found for the Saco do Engenho, followed by Meriti River. In addition, the values of metal-enrichment factors suggest the occurrence of important metal anthropogenic sources for the sediments from Saco do Engenho and Meriti River. Finally, the sediments were toxic to the earthworms and the threshold limits established by Brazilian legislation should be revised taking into consideration the properties of the main Brazilian pedological occurrences.O descarte indiscriminado de efluentes domésticos e industriais tem degradado ecossistemas estuarinos do Estado do RJ. Ações de dragagem são comumente requeridas para recuperação destes ambientes, tornando importante a avaliação dos impactos associados à disposição terrestre de materiais dragados. O presente estudo trata da avaliação do potencial tóxico de sedimentos dragados da foz do saco do Engenho, do Canal de São Francisco (Baía de Sepetiba, RJ) e do Rio Meriti (Baía de Guanabara, RJ), em cenário de disposição em Latossolo. As concentrações de metais pesados nos sedimentos foram determinadas por ICP-OES, sendo também estimados os fatores de enriquecimento (FE). As doses de sedimento aplicadas ao solo variaram entre 0 e 40%, onde 0% = Latossolo puro. Bioensaios agudos com minhocas (Eisenia andrei) foram realizados nas misturas solo:sedimento conforme protocolo padrão (ASTM). A dose letal de sedimento a 50% dos organismos (CL50), expressa em % de sedimento adicionada ao solo, foi estimada através da análise de PriProbit. As concentrações de metais nos sedimentos estavam acima dos valores orientadores do CONAMA para disposição destes materiais em água e em solo, com exceção do sedimento do canal de São Francisco, cujos teores de metais estavam em conformidade para disposição em solo. O sedimento que mostrou maior toxicidade foi o oriundo do Saco do Engenho (CL50 = 13,06%), seguido da foz do Rio Meriti (CL50 = 14,60%) e do Canal de São Francisco (CL50 = 28,02%). Estes dados concordam com as crescentes concentrações de metais determinadas para estes materiais, sendo maiores para o sedimento do Saco do Engenho, seguido do Rio Meriti e do Canal de São Francisco. Além disso, os FEs de metais nos sedimentos do Saco do Engenho e na foz do Rio Meriti indicam a ocorrência de fontes antrópicas importantes de metais pesados para estas áreas. Por fim, os sedimentos dragados foram tóxicos às minhocas, e os valores orientadores da legislação precisam ser revistos à luz das propriedades das principais ocorrências pedológicas brasileiras

The sub-basin springs of Poxim river, state of Sergipe: the degradation to restoration

Estudos ambientais em bacias hidrográficas são fundamentais para o entendimento do uso dos recursos naturais e dos problemas relacionados à ocupação do espaço. Em Sergipe, há necessidade de se obter informações para fins de planejamento e gestão futura de suas bacias hidrográficas, uma vez que gradualmente observa-se uma redução do volume produzido nos cursos d'água e da qualidade de suas águas, que são imprescindíveis para o abastecimento humano, a utilização na agricultura e na indústria. Devido ao acelerado processo de supressão da vegetação na sub-bacia hidrográfica do rio Poxim, formada pelos rios Poxim-mirim, Poxim-açu, e Pitanga e seus pequenos tributários, foi realizado um diagnóstico para se verificar o estado de conservação das suas principais nascentes, a situação quanto ao fluxo de água, as formas de uso e ocupação do solo no entorno destas e os tipos fisionômicos de vegetação remanescentes. As informações obtidas serão úteis para a realização de projetos de restauração ambiental, a promoção de melhorias no ambiente e nas comunidades rurais e resgate da diversidade da flora e fauna nestas áreas. Observou-se que as 20 principais nascentes dos rios e tributários que compõem a sub-bacia hidrográfica do rio Poxim, apresentam alterações decorrentes da acelerada antropização (90%), a maioria delas (65%) com elevada degradação (sem raio mínimo de 50m de vegetação) e ocupadas por agricultura (50%) e pastagens (35%). Somente duas nascentes encontram-se preservadas. Quanto à composição florística, as espécies identificadas (43) podem ser utilizadas em projetos futuros para restauração das nascentes e dos cursos d'água nesta sub-bacia hidrográfica. _________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT: Environmental studies on river basins are fundamental to understanding the natural resources use and the problems related to the space occupation. In Sergipe, it is necessary to obtain information for planning purposes and future management of their watersheds, once the watercourses volume and its quality are reducing gradually, which are essential for human supply and use in agriculture and industry. Due to the accelerated removal of vegetation in the river Poxim sub-basin, formed by the Poxim-Mirim, Poxim-Açu, Pitanga rivers, and its small tributaries, a diagnosis was carried out to verify the conservation status of their main sources, the situation on the water flow, the different uses, and land use around these sources and the remaining vegetation physiognomic types. The information is useful for carrying out environmental restoration projects, promoting improvements in the environment and in the rural communities and for the flora and fauna diversity rescue in these areas. It was observed that the 20 rivers sources top and tributaries that compose the river Poxim sub-basin showed changes from accelerated human anthropization (90%), most (65%) with high degradation (no vegetation in the minimum radius of 50 m), being occupied by agriculture (50%) and pastures (35%). Only two sources were preserved. The floristic composition, the identified species (43) can be used in future projects for sources and watercourses restoration in this sub-basin

Partial thoracic esophagectomy in the treatment of leiomyoma in the lower esophagealsphincter of dogs

Tumores esofágicos em cães são raros e dentre estes, o leiomioma é o mais relatado. Os sinais clínicos mais comuns são disfagia, regurgitação e emaciação. Foi atendido no Hospital de Clínicas Veterinárias (HCV) da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) um cão da raça Dálmata, macho, oito anos, apresentando sialorreia, regurgitação, vômito, algia abdominal e emaciação. No exame endoscópico visibilizou-se massa tumoral próxima ao esfíncter esofágico inferior e fundo gástrico, e foram coletadas amostras para análise histopatológica, obtendo-se resultado compatível com leiomioma esofágico e hiperplasia gástrica. Realizou-se ressecção esofágica e anastomose esôfago-gástrica. Decorridos três dias de pós-operatório o animal foi a óbito. Na necropsia não foram observadas alterações macroscopicamente significativas e microscopicamente sugeriu-se insuficiência renal. Este relato tem o objetivo de apresentar um caso de leiomioma em esfíncter esofágico inferior em um cão, no qual a terapêutica adotada foi a exerese tumoral por toracotomia.Esophageal tumors are rare in dogs, among these, leiomyoma is the most reported. The most common clinical signs are dysphagia, regurgitation and emaciation. An 8-year-old, Dalmatian male dog was referred to the Hospital de Clínicas Veterinárias (HCV), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) presenting drooling, regurgitation, vomiting, abdominal pain and emaciation. Endoscopic examination revealed a growth near the lower esophageal sphincter and gastric fundus, and samples were collected for histopathological examination. The results were consistent with esophageal leiomyoma and gastric hyperplasia. Esophageal resection and esophageal-gastric anastomosis was conducted. Three days post-operative the animal died. At necropsy no changes were observed macroscopically, and microscopically significant renal insufficiency was suggested. This report aims at presenting a case of leiomyoma at lower esophageal sphincter in a dog, in which the adopted therapy was tumor exeresis by thoracotomy