Sociedade do cansaço e ideário neoliberal: a abordagem do tema burnout em mídia de negócios no Brasil

O presente artigo se debruça sobre o espraiamento da ideologia neoliberal na sociedade contemporânea e seus impactos no mundo do trabalho, vislumbrando igualmente suas imbricações com a comunicação e a cultura do management. O objetivo é compreender como o ideário neoliberal tem se entranhado em diferentes âmbitos da vida cotidiana, chegando a constituir o que o filósofo sul-coreano Byung-Chul Han cunhou como “sociedade do cansaço”. Nela, a produtividade é superlativa e causa adoecimento, a exemplo da Síndrome de Burnout. O objeto de estudo da pesquisa diz respeito ao portal Exame, principal mídia de negócios do Brasil, a partir de um recorte que considera tanto o conteúdo editorial sobre a Síndrome do Burnout quanto a iniciativa de marketing subjacente a esse tema. A partir de conteúdos selecionados, foram realizadas análises de modo a depreender a construção de opiniões e geração de sentidos que reforçam o ideário neoliberal e os pilares da sociedade da produtividade, outra nomenclatura utilizada por Han para identificar a chamada sociedade do cansaço.Este artículo se centra en la difusión de la ideología neoliberal en la sociedad contemporánea y sus impactos en el mundo del trabajo al analizar también las relaciones con la cultura de la comunicación y la gestión. Su objetivo es comprender cómo la ideología neoliberal se ha arraigado en diferentes ámbitos de la vida cotidiana y llega a constituir lo que el filósofo surcoreano Byung-Chul Han acuñó como “la sociedad del cansancio”. En esta, la productividad es superlativa y provoca enfermedades, como el síndrome de Burnout. Se utiliza como objeto de estudio el portal Exame, el principal medio de comunicación empresarial de Brasil, a partir de un clipping que considera tanto un contenido editorial sobre el síndrome de Burnout como una iniciativa de marketing subyacente a este tema. A partir de los contenidos seleccionados se realizaron un análisis para inferir la construcción de opiniones y generación de significados que refuercen la ideología neoliberal y los pilares de la sociedad de la productividad, otro término que utiliza Han para identificar a la sociedad del cansancio.This article focuses on the spread of neoliberal ideology in contemporary society and its impacts on the world of work, also looking at the imbrications with communication and management culture. The objective is to understand how the neoliberal ideology has been ingrained in different areas of daily life, coming to constitute what the South Korean philosopher Byung-Chul Han coined as “the burnout society.” In it, productivity is superlative and causes illness, such as the Burnout Syndrome. The object of study of the research concerns the portal Exame, the main business media in Brazil, based on a clipping that considers both the editorial content on Burnout Syndrome and the marketing initiative underlying this theme. Based on the selected contents, analyzes were carried out to infer the construction of opinions and generation of meanings that reinforce the neoliberal ideology and the pillars of the productivity society, another nomenclature used by Han to identify the burnout society

Sociedade do cansaço e ideário neoliberal: a abordagem do tema burnout em mídia de negócios no Brasil

O presente artigo se debruça sobre o espraiamento da ideologia neoliberal na sociedade contemporânea e seus impactos no mundo do trabalho, vislumbrando igualmente suas imbricações com a comunicação e a cultura do management. O objetivo é compreender como o ideário neoliberal tem se entranhado em diferentes âmbitos da vida cotidiana, chegando a constituir o que o filósofo sul-coreano Byung-Chul Han cunhou como “sociedade do cansaço”. Nela, a produtividade é superlativa e causa adoecimento, a exemplo da Síndrome de Burnout. O objeto de estudo da pesquisa diz respeito ao portal Exame, principal mídia de negócios do Brasil, a partir de um recorte que considera tanto o conteúdo editorial sobre a Síndrome do Burnout quanto a iniciativa de marketing subjacente a esse tema. A partir de conteúdos selecionados, foram realizadas análises de modo a depreender a construção de opiniões e geração de sentidos que reforçam o ideário neoliberal e os pilares da sociedade da produtividade, outra nomenclatura utilizada por Han para identificar a chamada sociedade do cansaço

Gestational weight gain charts : results from the Brazilian Maternal and Child Nutrition Consortium

Background: Monitoring gestational weight gain (GWG) is fundamental to ensure a successful pregnancy for the mother and the offspring. There are several international GWG charts, but just a few for low- and middle-income countries. Objectives: To construct GWG charts according to pre-pregnancy BMI for Brazilian women. Methods: This is an individual patient data analysis using the Brazilian Maternal and Child Nutrition Consortium data, comprising 21 cohort studies. External validation was performed using “Birth in Brazil,” a nationwide study. We selected adult women with singleton pregnancies who were free of infectious and chronic diseases, gestational diabetes, and hypertensive disorders; who delivered a live birth at term; and whose children were adequate for gestational age, and with a birth weight between 2500–4000 g. Maternal self-reported pre-pregnancy weight and weight measured between 10–40 weeks of gestation were used to calculate GWG. Generalized Additive Models for Location, Scale and Shape were fitted to create GWG charts according to gestational age, stratified by pre-pregnancy BMI. Results: The cohort included 7086 women with 29,323 weight gain measurements to construct the charts and 4711 women with 31,052 measurements in the external validation. The predicted medians for GWG at 40 weeks, according to pre-pregnancy BMI, were: underweight, 14.1 kg (IQR, 10.8–17.5 kg); normal weight, 13.8 kg (IQR, 10.7–17.2 kg); overweight, 12.1 kg (IQR, 8.5–15.7 kg); obesity, 8.9 kg (IQR, 4.8–13.2 kg). The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles were estimated. Results for internal and external validation showed that the percentages below the selected percentiles were close to those expected. Conclusions: The charts proposed provide a description of GWG patterns according to gestational age and pre-pregnancy BMI among healthy Brazilian women with good neonatal outcomes. The external validation indicates that this new tool can be used to monitor GWG in the primary health-care setting and to test potential recommended values

The Role of Inflammatory, Anti-Inflammatory, and Regulatory Cytokines in Patients Infected with Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Amazonas State, Brazil

The authors discuss in this paper the role of inflammatory, anti-inflammatory, and regulatory cytokines in patients infected with different species of Leishmania in Amazonas State, Brazil. A comparative analysis was made of serum concentrations of these cytokines in the peripheral blood of 33 patients infected with cutaneous leishmaniasis. The isolates were identified as Leishmania guyanensis, L. naiffi, and L. amazonensis. Most (64%) of the patients were male ranging in age from 18 to 58 years. Protein expression profiles of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-17 cytokines were shown to vary significantly between infected and noninfected (control group) individuals and according to the Leishmania species. Infection caused by L. guyanensis accounted for 73% of the cases and patients with this parasite also showed higher concentrations of IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-17 when compared to infection by L. amazonensis. Patients with infection caused by L. naiffi showed higher concentration of the cytokines analyzed when compared to uninfected patients; however, there was no statistically significant difference with the other species analyzed. © 2014 Thaís Tibery Espir et al

Evaluation of different diagnostic methods of American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in the Brazilian Amazon

Epidemiological studies have been conducted to better understand the dynamics of American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ACL) in the Amazon region where distinct species of Leishmania circulate. In endemic areas, the optimal diagnosis must be made in the earlier clinical presentation to avoid the complications of chronic disease. The scarcity of financial support, laboratory infrastructure and trained persons are the major obstacles in this reality. This paper describes the result of performing different diagnostic methods for ACL in Amazonas State between the years 2010 and 2011. The tests used were the intradermal skin test (Montenegro's skin test), ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay), direct examination, culture isolation and identification of Leishmania species. A total of 38 suspected human cases of ACL were diagnosed by different methods, of which 71.0% (n = 27) were positive by direct examination, 75.6% (n = 28) had positivity in the culture isolates and, of these, 54.0% (n = 19) had infection with Leishmania (Viannia) guyanensis. The positivity of the intradermal skin test with the leishmanin solution was observed in 77.0% of cases analyzed and the serology with detection of IgG and IgM showed the presence of antibodies in 100% of exams realized results, showing variation in the titles of antibodies. The success of Leishmaniasis treatment depends on an effective and early diagnosis. Parasitological diagnosis is highly specific, but sensitivity is subject to variation because the tissue distribution of parasites generally is not homogeneous and depends on the specie of parasite. Moreover, parasitological tests require invasive procedures and depend on restrictive conditions for the collection of biological sample, which limit their use in large-scale for epidemiological studies. ELISA has been the most widely used serological method for the diagnosis of Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) as it is easy to perform and has a low cost. However, flaws in specificity are observed in the diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Actually the diagnosis needs to be done as an associated methods depending on the question to be solved. © 2016 Elsevier Inc

Brazilian Maternal and Child Nutrition Consortium: establishment, data harmonization and basic characteristics.

Pooled data analysis in the field of maternal and child nutrition rarely incorporates data from low- and middle-income countries and existing studies lack a description of the methods used to harmonize the data and to assess heterogeneity. We describe the creation of the Brazilian Maternal and Child Nutrition Consortium dataset, from multiple pooled longitudinal studies, having gestational weight gain (GWG) as an example. Investigators of the eligible studies published from 1990 to 2018 were invited to participate. We conducted consistency analysis, identified outliers, and assessed heterogeneity for GWG. Outliers identification considered the longitudinal nature of the data. Heterogeneity was performed adjusting multilevel models. We identified 68 studies and invited 59 for this initiative. Data from 29 studies were received, 21 were retained for analysis, resulting in a final sample of 17,344 women with 72,616 weight measurements. Fewer than 1% of all weight measurements were flagged as outliers. Women with pre-pregnancy obesity had lower values for GWG throughout pregnancy. GWG, birth length and weight were similar across the studies and remarkably similar to a Brazilian nationwide study. Pooled data analyses can increase the potential of addressing important questions regarding maternal and child health, especially in countries where research investment is limited

Agreement between self-reported pre-pregnancy weight and measured first-trimester weight in Brazilian women

Background: Self-reported pre-pregnancy weight and weight measured in the first trimester are both used to estimate pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) but there is limited information on how they compare, especially in low- and middle-income countries, where access to a weight scale can be limited. Thus, the main goal of this study was to evaluate the agreement between self-reported pre-pregnancy weight and weight measured during the first trimester of pregnancy among Brazilian women so as to assess whether self-reported pre-pregnancy weight is reliable and can be used for calculation of BMI and GWG. Methods: Data from the Brazilian Maternal and Child Nutrition Consortium (BMCNC, n = 5563) and the National Food and Nutritional Surveillance System (SISVAN, n = 393,095) were used to evaluate the agreement between self-reported pre-pregnancy weight and weights measured in three overlapping intervals (30–94, 30–60 and 30–45 days of pregnancy) and their impact in BMI classification. We calculated intraclass correlation and Lin’s concordance coefficients, constructed Bland and Altman plots, and determined Kappa coefficient for the categories of BMI. Results: The mean of the differences between self-reported and measured weights was  0.90 for both datasets in all time intervals. Bland and Altman plots showed that the majority of the difference laid in the ±2 kg interval and that the differences did not vary according to measured first-trimester BMI. Kappa coefficient values were > 0.80 for both datasets at all intervals. Using self-reported pre-pregnancy or measured weight would change, in total, the classification of BMI in 15.9, 13.5, and 12.2% of women in the BMCNC and 12.1, 10.7, and 10.2% in the SISVAN, at 30–94, 30–60 and 30–45 days, respectively. Conclusion: In Brazil, self-reported pre-pregnancy weight can be used for calculation of BMI and GWG when an early measurement of weight during pregnancy is not available. These results are especially important in a country where the majority of woman do not initiate prenatal care early in pregnancy.Medicine, Faculty ofNon UBCObstetrics and Gynaecology, Department ofReviewedFacult

Insights into soybean transcriptome reconfiguration under hypoxic stress: Functional, regulatory, structural, and compositional characterization

<div><p>Soybean (<i>Glycine max</i>) is one of the major crops worldwide and flooding stress affects the production and expansion of cultivated areas. Oxygen is essential for mitochondrial aerobic respiration to supply the energy demand of plant cells. Because oxygen diffusion in water is 10,000 times lower than in air, partial (hypoxic) or total (anoxic) oxygen deficiency is important component of flooding. Even when oxygen is externally available, oxygen deficiency frequently occurs in bulky, dense or metabolically active tissues such as phloem, meristems, seeds, and fruits. In this study, we analyzed conserved and divergent root transcriptional responses between flood-tolerant Embrapa 45 and flood-sensitive BR 4 soybean cultivars under hypoxic stress conditions with RNA-seq. To understand how soybean genes evolve and respond to hypoxia, stable and differentially expressed genes were characterized structurally and compositionally comparing its mechanistic relationship. Between cultivars, Embrapa 45 showed less up- and more down-regulated genes, and stronger induction of phosphoglucomutase (Glyma05g34790), unknown protein related to N-terminal protein myristoylation (Glyma06g03430), protein suppressor of phyA-105 (Glyma06g37080), and fibrillin (Glyma10g32620). RNA-seq and qRT-PCR analysis of non-symbiotic hemoglobin (Glyma11g12980) indicated divergence in gene structure between cultivars. Transcriptional changes for genes in amino acids and derivative metabolic process suggest involvement of amino acids metabolism in tRNA modifications, translation accuracy/efficiency, and endoplasmic reticulum stress in both cultivars under hypoxia. Gene groups differed in promoter TATA box, ABREs (ABA-responsive elements), and CRT/DREs (C-repeat/dehydration-responsive elements) frequency. Gene groups also differed in structure, composition, and codon usage, indicating biological significances. Additional data suggests that <i>cis</i>-acting ABRE elements can mediate gene expression independent of ABA in soybean roots under hypoxia.</p></div